Forty percent of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by targeting 12 risk factors throughout life, experts say.
пятница, 31 июля 2020 г.
The enemy within: Safeguarding against the spread of intracellular bacteria
Researchers have revealed the multiple, intertwined cell death systems that prevent the spread of the 'intracellular' bacterium Salmonella, an important cause of typhoid fever which kills more than 100,000 people annually.
An Approach for Monitoring and Evaluating Community Mitigation Strategies for COVID-19
An Approach for Monitoring and Evaluating Community Mitigation Strategies for COVID-19
Considerations for Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities
Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities
Public Health Guidance for Community-Related Exposure
Public Health Recommendations for People in U.S. Communities Exposed to a Person with Known or Suspected COVID-19, other than Health Workers or other Critical Infrastructure Workers
Tinkering with roundworm proteins offers hope for anti-aging drugs
Researchers have been able to dial up and down creatures' lifespans by altering the activity of proteins found in roundworm cells that tell them to convert sugar into energy when their cellular energy is running low. Humans also have these proteins, offering up the intriguing possibilities for developing longevity-promoting drugs.
Forecasts of Total Deaths
CDC works with partners to bring together weekly forecasts for COVID-19 deaths in one place. These forecasts have been developed independently and shared publicly. It is important to bring these forecasts together to help understand how they compare with each other and how much uncertainty there is about what may happen in the upcoming four weeks.
How to Protect Yourself & Others
The best way to prevent COVID-19 infection is to avoid exposure to this virus and follow these everyday preventative actions.
Visiting Parks and Recreational Facilities
Protect Yourself and Others from COVID-19 When Visiting Parks and Recreational Facilities
Guidance for Healthcare Workers about COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing
Guidance for Healthcare Workers about COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing
Inflammation induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction studied in organoids
For this study, the 3D brain organoid was used to model the effects of oxygen deprivation and inflammation on blood brain barrier function to better understand what is happening in a human brain during an ischemic stroke.
Compounds show promise in search for tuberculosis antibiotics
Compounds tested for their potential as antibiotics have demonstrated promising activity against one of the deadliest infectious diseases - tuberculosis (TB).
New set of channels connecting malaria parasite and blood cells
Researchers have discovered another set of pore-like holes, or channels, traversing the membrane-bound sac that encloses the deadliest malaria parasite as it infects red blood cells. The channels enable the transport of lipids -- fat-like molecules -- between the blood cell and parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite draws lipids from the cell to sustain its growth and may also secrete other types of lipids to hijack cell functions to meet its needs.
Vaping linked with heart problems
In adolescents the use of e-cigarettes doubles the risk of starting to smoke traditional cigarettes, states a position paper.
New drug targets for lethal brain cancer discovered
More than 200 genes with novel and known roles in glioblastoma - the most aggressive type of brain cancer - offer promising new drug targets. Researchers engineered a new mouse model to show for the first time how a mutation in the well-known cancer gene, EGFR initiates glioblastoma, and works with a selection from more than 200 other genes to drive the cancer.
New understanding of CRISPR-Cas9 tool could improve gene editing
Of the CRISPR-Cas9 tools created to date, base editors have gotten lots of attention because of their seemingly simple editing: they neatly replace one nucleic acid with another, in many cases all that should be needed to fix a genetic disease. Scientists have now determined the structure of the latest base editor as it swaps out nucleic acids, showing why it can go off target but also how it can be improved.
Laughter acts as a stress buffer -- and even smiling helps
People who laugh frequently in their everyday lives may be better equipped to deal with stressful events - although this does not seem to apply to the intensity of laughter.
четверг, 30 июля 2020 г.
State Public Health Veterinarians and Animal Health Officials
State Public Health Veterinarians and Animal Health Officials
Decline in US cardiac deaths slowing, while county-level disparities grow
Steady progress in reducing the rates of premature cardiac death in the US began slowing in 2011, largely due to rising rates of out-of-hospital premature cardiac deaths, especially among younger adults. County-level disparities in premature cardiac death rates across the US have widened over the past two decades.
Running Essential Errands
As communities across the United States take steps to slow the spread of COVID-19 by limiting close contact, people are facing new challenges and questions about how to meet basic household needs, such as buying groceries and medicine, and completing banking activities. The following information provides advice about how to meet these household needs in a safe and healthy manner.
Prevent Getting Sick
Here is what you can do to prepare your family in case COVID-19 spreads in your community.
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
Helicopter parents should step back and watch, study recommends
Researchers conducted the world's first data-driven study of parenting classes based on the Respectful Approach intervention. The Respectful Approach, modeled on Resources for Infant Educators (RIE)TM, guides parents to treat young children as capable and independent humans who can flourish if given safe space and freedom from too much adult direction.
Rapid test for the determination of antibodies against Sars-Cov-2
Researchers present a test that determines the amount of neutralizing antibodies within a short period of time.
Single-shot COVID-19 vaccine protects non-human primates
A leading COVID-19 vaccine candidate raised neutralizing antibodies and robustly protected non-human primates (NHPs) against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
Social distancing varies by income in United States
Wealthier communities went from being the most mobile before the COVID-19 pandemic to the least mobile, while poorer areas have gone from the least mobile to the most mobile, according to a new study.
Activités prioritaires stratégiques de prévention et de contrôle des infections pour les structures sanitaires situées en dehors des États-Unis
Activités prioritaires stratégiques de prévention et de contrôle des infections pour les structures sanitaires situées en dehors des États-Unis
What jigsaw puzzles tell us about child development
New research shows that children only learn to do jigsaw puzzles once they have reached a certain stage of development. Three-year-olds use trial and error, but four-year-olds are able to use information in the picture to complete the puzzles. The research team say this understanding is the foundation of learning to draw and paint.
Music training may not make children smarter after all
Music training does not have a positive impact on children's cognitive skills, such as memory, and academic achievement, such as maths, reading or writing, according to a study published in Memory & Cognition.
Higher BPA levels linked to more asthma symptoms in children
Children in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore tended to have more asthma symptoms when levels of the synthetic chemical BPA (Bisphenol A) in their urine were elevated, according to a new study.
The mystery of the less deadly mosquito nets
Research shows that insecticide-treated mosquito nets, the mainstay in the global battle against malaria, are not providing the protection they once did - and scientists say that's a cause for serious concern in tropical and subtropical countries around the globe.
Alzheimer's risk factors may be measurable in adolescents and young adults
Risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia may be apparent as early as our teens and 20s.
Previous Hospitalization Forecasts
Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.
среда, 29 июля 2020 г.
Researchers map mechanisms in the largest CRISPR system
The largest and most complex CRISPR system has been visualized by researchers in a new study. The system may have potential applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, the researchers believe.
Arguments between couples: Our neurons like mediation
When couples argue, mediation improves the outcome of the confrontation. But that's not all: mediation is also linked to heightened activity in key regions of the brain belonging to the reward circuit. This is the first time that a controlled, randomized study has succeeded in demonstrating the advantages of mediation for couple conflicts and identifying a related biological signature.
Potential preterm births in high risk women predicted to 73% accuracy, by new technique
A new technique that can spot a potential preterm birth in asymptomatic high-risk women, with up to 73% accuracy months before delivery, has been developed by scientists.
Preparedness Tools for Healthcare Professionals and Facilities Responding to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
To aid healthcare professionals and hospitals, CDC has developed two checklists that identify key actions that can be taken now to enhance preparedness for potential or confirmed patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Community Mitigation
Actions that persons and communities can take to help slow the transmission of the virus in communities.
Pregnant Black and Hispanic women five times more likely to be exposed to coronavirus
Researchers found the rate of virus exposure among Black and Hispanic women to be five times higher than among White and Asian women.
Immune system variation can predict severe COVID-19 outcomes
The differing immune system responses of patients with COVID-19 can help predict who will experience moderate and severe consequences of disease, according to a new study.
Experimental COVID-19 vaccine protects upper and lower airways in nonhuman primates
Two doses of an experimental vaccine to prevent COVID-19 induced robust immune responses and rapidly controlled the coronavirus in the upper and lower airways of rhesus macaques exposed to SARS-CoV-2, scientists report.
Estimating bisphenol exposures in the Australian population
Once found in bottles, food containers, cash register receipts and electronics, bisphenol A (BPA) has been phased out of many products because of health concerns and government regulations. As a result, the production and use of BPA analogs, which are unregulated and poorly understood, have increased. Now, by analyzing urine samples and wastewater, researchers report how human exposure to bisphenols has changed over time in an Australian population.
New maps of chemical marks on DNA pinpoint regions relevant to many developmental diseases
In research that aims to illuminate the causes of human developmental disorders, scientists have generated 168 new maps of chemical marks on strands of DNA -- called methylation -- in developing mice. The data can help narrow down regions of the human genome that play roles in diseases such as schizophrenia and Rett Syndrome.
RNA sequences involved in regulating gene expression identified
By studying RNA-binding proteins, a research consortium has identified genomic sites that appear to code for RNA molecules that influence gene expression.
Operational Considerations for Infection Prevention and Control in Outpatient Facilities: non-U.S. Healthcare Settings
Operational Considerations for Infection Prevention and Control in Outpatient Facilities: non-U.S. Healthcare Settings
Operational Considerations for the Identification of Healthcare Workers and Inpatients with Suspected COVID-19 in non-US Healthcare Settings
Guidance for the Identification of Healthcare Workers and Inpatients with Suspected COVID-19 in non-US Healthcare Settings
New blood test shows great promise in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
A new blood test demonstrated remarkable promise in discriminating between persons with and without Alzheimer's disease and in persons at known genetic risk may be able to detect the disease as early as 20 years before the onset of cognitive impairment, according to a large international study.
COVID-19 Response is a Family Affair for EIS Alums
When CDC needed quick answers about how COVID-19 spreads within households, Dr. Hannah Kirking knew she could count on her family - her Epidemic Intelligence Service family, that is.
вторник, 28 июля 2020 г.
Operational Considerations for Maintaining Essential Services for and Providing Maternal, Newborn, and Child Healthcare in Low-Resource Countries
Operational Considerations for Maintaining Essential Services for and Providing Maternal, Newborn, and Child Healthcare in Low-Resource Countries
Discovery will allow more sophisticated work at nanoscale
The movement of fluids through small capillaries and channels is crucial for processes ranging from blood flow through the brain to power generation and electronic cooling systems, but that movement often stops when the channel is smaller than 10 nanometers. Researchers have reported a new way to stimulate the fluid flow by using a small increase in temperature or voltage.
Increased attention to sad faces predicts depression risk in teenagers
Teenagers who tend to pay more attention to sad faces are more likely to develop depression, but specifically within the context of stress, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.
Artificial intelligence could speed up and improve Alzheimer's diagnosis
Research examines how the routine use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare could help to relieve the economic impact neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's.
Reproductive effects of weed killer, glyphosate, examined in mice
A pair of recently published studies analyzed how ovarian function in mice responded to various levels of exposure to glyphosate, a chemical extensively used to kill weeds. The results showed exposure changed the level of some ovarian proteins but did not impact ovarian steroid production, an indication glyphosate may not adversely affect reproduction.
Multiomics investigation revealing the characteristics of HIV-1-infected cells in vivo
A research group using HIV-1-infected cells performed 'multiomics' analyses, which are technologies recently developed to comprehensively investigate the features of biological samples.In this study, a hematopoietic stem cell-transplanted humanized mouse model infected with a gene-modified HIV-1 was used to reveal multiple characteristics of HIV-1-producing cells in vivo.
'SoundWear' a heads-up sound augmentation gadget helps expand children's play experience
Researchers designed a wearable bracelet using sound augmentation to leverage play benefits by employing digital technology. The research team also investigated how sound influences children's play experiences according to their physical, social, and imaginative aspects.
How renegade protein interrupts brain cell function in Alzheimer's disease
Dozens of molecules may tangle up with rogue bundles of tau, a protein that normally gives nerve fibers structure, to cause brain cell damage that contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, a new study shows.
Novel diabetes drug candidate shows promising properties in human islets and mouse models
Researchers have discovered a new drug candidate that offers a major advance in the treatment for diabetes. Tested on isolated human and mouse pancreatic islets, mouse and rat cell cultures and animal models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, the experimental drug significantly improved four detrimental characteristics of diabetes: hyperglycemia; hyperglucagonemia, elevation in the hormone glucagon; excessive production of glucose by the liver; and fatty liver, known as hepatic steatosis.
Further evidence World Trade Center responders are at risk for dementia
New studies indicate that World Trade Center (WTC) first responders are at risk for developing dementia.
Gene variations at birth reveal origins of inflammation and immune disease
A study has pinpointed a number of areas of the human genome that may help explain the neonatal origins of chronic immune and inflammatory diseases of later life, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease.
Researchers discover cell communication mechanism that drives cancer adaptation
Researchers have uncovered a new mechanism by which cancer cells adapt to the stresses they encounter as they grow and respond to therapies.
Medieval medicine remedy could provide new treatment for modern day infections
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing battle for scientists to overcome, as more antimicrobials are urgently needed to treat biofilm-associated infections. However scientists say research into natural antimicrobials could provide candidates to fill the antibiotic discovery gap.
New machine learning method allows hospitals to share patient data -- privately
Researchers have shown that an approach called federated learning is successful in the context of brain imaging, by being able to analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of brain tumor patients and distinguish healthy brain tissue from cancerous regions.
понедельник, 27 июля 2020 г.
Interim Operational Considerations for Implementing the Shielding Approach to Prevent COVID-19 Infections in Humanitarian Settings
This document presents considerations from CDc's perspective for implementing the shielding approach in humanitarian settings as outlined in guidance documents focused on camps, displaced populations and low-resource settings. Considerations are based on current evidence known about the transmission and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may need to be revised as more information becomes available.
Resources for Refugee Resettlement Service Providers
Resources for Refugee Resettlement Service Providers
How airway cells work together in regeneration and aging
Researchers have identified the process by which stem cells in the airways of the lungs switch between two distinct phases -- creating more of themselves and producing mature airway cells -- to regenerate lung tissue after an injury.
Highly invasive lung cancer cells have longer 'fingers'
Tiny finger-like projections called filopodia drive invasive behavior in a rare subset of lung cancer cells. Analysis of molecular features distinguishing leader from follower cells focuses on filopodia and the MYO10 gene.
Invisible barriers cut down on cheating
Both see-through and pretend partitions promoted honesty in taking tests, psychology experiments show, suggesting simple environmental cues can nudge children to do the right thing.
Hydrogel mimics human brain with memorizing and forgetting ability
Researchers have found a soft and wet material that can memorize, retrieve, and forget information, much like the human brain.
A new way to target cancers using 'synthetic lethality'
Researchers report that inhibiting a key enzyme caused human cancer cells associated with two major types of breast and ovarian cancer to die and in mouse studies reduced tumor growth.
MicroRNA shows promise for hair regrowth
Researchers have identified a microRNA (miRNA) that could promote hair regeneration. This miRNA -- miR-218-5p -- plays an important role in regulating the pathway involved in follicle regeneration, and could be a candidate for future drug development.
Protecting beta cells against stress may guard against type 1 diabetes
Researchers have found an unusual strategy that eventually may help to guard transplanted beta cells or to slow the original onset of type 1 diabetes.
Ultra-low power brain implants find meaningful signal in grey matter noise
By tuning into a subset of brain waves, researchers have dramatically reduced the power requirements of neural interfaces while improving their accuracy -- a discovery that could lead to long-lasting brain implants that can both treat neurological diseases and enable mind-controlled prosthetics and machines.
Unparalleled inventory of the human gut ecosystem
Scientists gathered and published over 200,000 genomes from the human gut microbiome. The catalogue reveals that more than 70% of bacterial species in the human gut have never been grown in the lab. This new data resource could be extremely useful to investigate how the bacterial community in the human gut influences human health and disease.
Hedonism leads to happiness
Relaxing on the sofa or savoring a delicious meal: Enjoying short-term pleasurable activities that don't lead to long-term goals contributes at least as much to a happy life as self-control, according to new research. The researchers therefore argue for a greater appreciation of hedonism in psychology.
Population genetic screening shown to efficiently identify increased risk for inherited disease
Researchers suggest that community-based genetic screening has the potential to efficiently identify individuals who may be at increased risk for three common inherited (CDC Tier 1) genetic conditions known to cause several forms of cancer and increased risk for heart disease or stroke.
Antibiotics alone successfully treat uncomplicated appendicitis in children
Of 1,068 patients from 10 health centers enrolled in the study, 67.1% of those who elected to initially manage their care through antibiotics alone experienced no harmful side effects and did not later require an appendectomy by their one-year follow-up appointment. Patients in the non-operative group experienced an average of 6.6 disability days, compared to the 10.9 days in the surgery group.
Novel label-free imaging technique brings out the inner light within T cells
A new imaging method uses the natural autofluorescence within cells to assess T cell activity. The technique could help assess T cell involvement in immunotherapies.
Flu, pneumonia vaccinations tied to lower risk of Alzheimer's dementia
Flu (influenza) and pneumonia vaccinations are associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease, according to new research.
Teen museum educators increase engagement, learning, in tween visitors
A new study finds that youth docents have an overall positive effect on visitors' experiences, learning and information retention at informal learning sites -- like museums. The positive effects accrued across age groups regardless of museum type, but were most apparent in children ages 9 to 11.
SPHERES
With extensive participation from US clinical and public health laboratories, academic institutions, and the private sector, the SPHERES consortium aims to generate information about the virus that will strengthen COVID-19 mitigation strategies.
Brain cell types identified that may push males to fight and have sex
Two groups of nerve cells may serve as ''on-off switches'' for male mating and aggression, suggests a new study in rodents. These neurons appear to send signals between two parts of the brain - the back tip, or posterior, of the amygdala and the hypothalamus - that together regulate emotions including fear, anxiety, and aggression.
Life in the pits: Scientists identify key enzyme behind body odor
Researchers have discovered a unique ''BO enzyme'' responsible for armpit odor.
Wealthier men are more likely to develop high blood pressure
Working men with higher incomes are more likely to develop high blood pressure, reports a new study.
Plant-based diets shown to lower blood pressure even with limited meat and dairy
Consuming a plant-based diet can lower blood pressure even if small amounts of meat and dairy are consumed too, according to new research.
Lego-inspired bone and soft tissue repair with tiny, 3D-printed bricks
A new, 3D-printed technology that was inspired by Lego block toys is designed to help heal broken bones, and could one day even lead to lab-made organs for human transplant.
воскресенье, 26 июля 2020 г.
Neurons are genetically programmed to have long lives
Most neurons are created during embryonic development and have no ''backup'' after birth. Researchers have generally believed that their survival is determined nearly extrinsically, or by outside forces, such as the tissues and cells that neurons supply with nerve cells. Scientists have challenged this notion and reports the continuous survival of neurons is also intrinsically programmed during development.
Proposed framework for integrating chatbots into health care
While chatbots are becoming more widespread in health care, it's important to implement them thoughtfully and constantly evaluate them in a variety of ways, authors argue.
Researchers use cell imaging and mathematical modeling to understand cancer progression
Using a combination of experiments and mathematical modeling, a team of researchers from the Virginia Tech Department of Biological Sciences in the College of Science and the Fralin Life Sciences Institute are beginning to unravel the mechanisms that lie behind tetraploidy - a chromosomal abnormality that is often found in malignant tumors.
High levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria found on equipment in communal gyms
Scientists have found that 43% of Staphylococcus bacteria found on exercise equipment in university gyms were ampicillin-resistant, with 73% of those isolates being resistant to multiple additional drugs.
Different from a computer: Why the brain never processes the same input in the same way
The brain never processes the same information in the same way. Scientists have found out why this is the case and how it works. A decisive role plays a critical state of the neuronal networks.
Phage therapy shows potential for treating prosthetic joint infections
Bacteriophages, or phages, may play a significant role in treating complex bacterial infections in prosthetic joints, according to new research. The findings suggest phage therapy could provide a potential treatment for managing such infections, including those involving antibiotic-resistant microbes.
Simple urine test could significantly improve detection of adrenal cancer
Using a simple urine test alongside routine imaging for patients with adrenal masses could speed up adrenal cancer diagnosis, improving patient's prognosis and reducing the need for invasive diagnostic procedures, a new multi-center study found.
Genetic mutations help MRSA to become highly resistant to antibiotics
Scientists have found that genetic mutations in MRSA allow it to evolve and become more resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin.
Antiviral method against herpes paves the way for combating incurable viral infections
Researchers have discovered a new method to treat human herpes viruses. The new broad-spectrum method targets physical properties in the genome of the virus rather than viral proteins, which have previously been targeted. The treatment consists of new molecules that penetrate the protein shell of the virus and prevent genes from leaving the virus to infect the cell. It does not lead to resistance and acts independently of mutations in the genome of the virus.
Big brains and dexterous hands
Primates with large brains can master more complex hand movements than those with smaller brains. However, fine motor skills such as using tools can take time to learn, and humans take the longest of all. Large-brained species such as humans and great apes do not actually learn more slowly than other primates but instead start later, researchers have shown.
New CRISPR C-to-G DNA base editor expands the landscape of precision genome editing
The new base editing platform may help researchers understand and correct genetic diseases by selective editing of single DNA 'letters' across nucleobase classes.
Two distinct circuits drive inhibition in the sensory thalamus of the brain
The thalamus is a 'Grand Central Station' for sensory information coming to our brains. Almost every sight, sound, taste and touch travels to our brain's cortex via the thalamus. Researchers now report that the somatosensory part of the thalamic reticular nucleus is divided into two functionally distinct sub-circuits that have their own types of genetically defined neurons that are topographically segregated, physiologically distinct and connect reciprocally with independent thalamocortical nuclei via dynamically divergent synapses.
PolyA-miner assesses the effect of alternative polyadenylation on gene expression
Meet PolyA-miner, a new computational tool that enables scientists to evaluate the contribution of alternative polyadenylation to gene regulation in health and disease.
Tracking antibody profiles for influenza exposures across the lifespan
Immune responses to influenza exposures increase early in life, then decline in middle age, according to a new study.
'Self-eating' process of stem cells may be the key to new regenerative therapies
The self-eating process in embryonic stem cells known as chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and a related metabolite may serve as promising new therapeutic targets to repair or regenerate damaged cells and organs, researchers show.
суббота, 25 июля 2020 г.
Do bicycles slow down cars on low speed, low traffic roads? Latest research says 'no'
New research demonstrates that bicycles do not significantly reduce passenger car travel speeds on low speed, low volume urban roads without bicycle lanes. The research shows that differences in vehicle speeds with and without cyclists were generally on the order of 1 mph or less - negligible from a practical perspective.
Dual role discovered for molecule involved in autoimmune eye disease
The inflammatory molecule interleukin-17A (IL-17A) triggers immune cells that in turn reduce IL-17A's pro-inflammatory activity, according to a new study.
Study finds global trends in women's breast cancer show cause for concern
Breast cancer rates among women globally are on the rise, but new research is uncovering trends related to age and where you live that could help target prevention measures to improve the situation.
New cell profiling method could speed TB drug discovery
A new cell profiling technology combines high throughput imaging and machine learning to provide a rapid, cost-effective way to determine how specific compounds act to destroy the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. It could speed discovery of anti-TB drugs and be applied to other pathogens.
Two immunotherapies merged into single, more effective treatment
Researchers have combined two immunotherapy strategies into a single therapy and found, in studies in human cells and in mice, that the two together are more effective than either alone in treating certain blood cancers, such as leukemia.
Gene in fat plays key role in insulin resistance
Deleting a key gene in mice in just their fat made tissues throughout these animals insulin resistant, in addition to other effects, a new study shows. The findings could shed light on Type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistance disorders, which remain poorly understood despite decades of study.
Cells react differently to genomic imprinting
We inherit half of our genes from each parent. For their function of most genes, it doesn't matter which parent a gene comes from. But this is not true for all genes: about 150 genes are subject to ''genomic imprinting''. They are active either only if inherited from the mother, or only father. Most ''imprinted'' genes are important for our development. New research shows that brain cells react differently to genomic imprinting.
Researchers capture cell-level details of curved cornea
Researchers have, for the first time, acquired optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the curved layers of a person's cornea with cell-level detail and a large viewing area. The new OCT instrument enables improved monitoring of eye diseases as well as general health conditions such as diabetes, which alter the density of nerves in the cornea.
пятница, 24 июля 2020 г.
COVID-19 Employer Information for Public Health Inspectors
COVID-19 Employer Information for Public Health Inspectors
Gene-controlling mechanisms play key role in cancer progression
Researchers have analyzed how epigenomic modifications change as tumors evolve. In a study of mouse lung tumors, the researchers identified 11 chromatin states, or epigenomic states, that cancer cells can pass through as they become more aggressive.
Immune system -- Knocked off balance
Instead of protecting us, the immune system can sometimes go awry, as in the case of autoimmune diseases and allergies. A team has now dissected how mast cells regulate their calcium levels to keep the immune response under control.
Researchers simulate, assess damage to brain cells caused by bubbles during head trauma
Researchers are using their expertise with the manufacture of microstructures to study how the collapse of microbubbles within the skull can damage brain cells.
Mammal cells could struggle to fight space germs
The immune systems of mammals - including humans - might struggle to detect and respond to germs from other planets, new research suggests.
Food supplements may improve brain health among young children in low income countries
Giving nutritional supplements to young children in low income countries for around 6 months could improve their brain (cognitive) health, finds a new trial.
четверг, 23 июля 2020 г.
Interim Guidance for Use of Pooling Procedures in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic, Screening, and Surveillance Testing
Interim Guidance for Use of Pooling Procedures in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic, Screening, and Surveillance Testing
Some 'inert' drug ingredients may be biologically active
Some supposedly inert ingredients in common drugs -- such as dyes and preservatives -- may potentially be biologically active and could lead to unanticipated side effects, according to a preliminary new study.
Lone Star ticks in Illinois can carry, transmit Heartland virus
Researchers have confirmed that Heartland virus, an emerging pathogen with potentially dire consequences for those infected, is present in Lone Star ticks in two Illinois counties hundreds of miles apart. Lone Star ticks were first detected in Illinois in 1999 but had not been found to be infected with Heartland virus in the state.
Older adults feel stressed, yet resilient in the time of COVID-19
America's oldest citizens say they've been through worse, but many older adults are feeling the stress of COVID-19 and prolonged social distancing measures, according to a new study.
Older adults coped with pandemic best, study reveals
Adults aged 60 and up have fared better emotionally compared to younger adults (18-39) and middle-aged adults (40-59) amid the COVID-19 pandemic, according to new research.
Calcium channel subunits play a major role in autism spectrum disorders
Neurobiologists have found new evidence that specific calcium channel subunits play a crucial role in the development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses.
Researchers discover new pathways that could help treat RNA viruses
Researchers have identified new pathways in an RNA-based virus where inhibitors, like medical treatments, unbind. The finding could be beneficial in understanding how these inhibitors react and potentially help develop a new generation of drugs to target viruses with high death rates, like HIV-1, Zika, Ebola and SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
COVID-19 vaccine innovation could dramatically speed up worldwide production
A new modified version of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has a 10-fold higher expression rate in cell cultures than an earlier version that forms the basis of some candidates currently in clinical trials. Vaccine manufacturers could swap in the new version and produce vaccine doses at much higher rates, researchers say.
How mosquitoes got their taste for human blood and what it means for the future
To predict and help control the spread of mosquito-borne illnesses, it's important to know where and why certain mosquitoes got their taste for biting humans in the first place. Now, researchers have identified two major factors: a dry climate and city life. Based on these findings, they predict that increased urbanization in the coming decades will mean even more human-biting mosquitoes in the future.
Reexamining the history of slavery through 23andMe African ancestry data
Researchers have compiled genetic data from consenting 23andMe research participants to paint a more complete picture of African ancestry in the New World. By linking genetic data with slave trade historical records, the findings reinforce harsh truths about slavery in the Americas and uncover insights into its history, including the methods used to suppress and exploit Africans once they disembarked.
New CT scan method lowers radiation exposure
A CT scan technique that splits a full X-ray beam into thin beamlets can deliver the same quality of image at a much reduced radiation dose, according to a new study. The technique, demonstrated on a small sample in a micro CT scanner, could potentially be adapted for medical scanners and used to reduce the amount of radiation millions of people are exposed to each year.
Lung ultrasound shows duration, severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
A new study found that lung ultrasound was highly sensitive for detecting abnormalities in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with B-lines, a thickened pleural line, and pulmonary consolidation the most commonly observed features. Additionally, the authors found that lung ultrasound features can be used to reflect both the infection duration and disease severity.
Unprecedented effort to ramp up testing technologies for COVID-19
In a new paper, experts set forth a framework to increase significantly the number, quality and type of daily tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and help reduce inequities for underserved populations that have been disproportionally affected by the disease.
Coronavirus antibodies fall dramatically in first 3 months after mild cases of COVID-19
In people with mild cases of COVID-19, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 -- the virus that causes the disease -- drop sharply over the first three months after infection, decreasing by roughly half every 36 days, a new study finds. If sustained at that rate, the antibodies would disappear within about a year.
Preventing the next pandemic
A new article shows that an annual investment of $30 billion should be enough to offset the costs of preventing another global pandemic such as COVID-19.
Study finds decline in emergent hospitalizations during early phase of COVID-19
Researchers report on the decline of emergent medical, surgical and obstetric hospitalizations at the medical center during the six-week period following the week of the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency in Boston in mid-March 2020.
Driving immunometabolism to control lung infection
When drugs to kill microbes are ineffective, host-directed therapy uses the body's own immune system to deal with the infection. This approach is being tested in patients with COVID-19, and now a team of researchers has published a study showing how it might also work in the fight against tuberculosis (TB).
We are mutating SARS-CoV-2, but it is evolving back
Scientists looked at the evolution of the virus that causes COVID-19. Their findings could help the design of a new vaccine.
COVID-19 shutdown led to increased solar power output
As the air cleared after lockdowns, solar installations in Delhi produced 8 percent more power, a new study shows.
Common blood test identifies benefits and risks of steroid treatment in COVID-19 patients
A new study confirms the findings of the large scale British trial of steroid use for COVID-19 patients and advances the research by answering several key questions: Which patients are most likely to benefit from steroid therapy? Could some of them be harmed? Can other formulations of steroids substitute for the agent studied in the British trial?
Neutralizing antibodies isolated from COVID-19 patients may suppress virus
Researchers have isolated antibodies from several COVID-19 patients that, to date, are among the most potent in neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These antibodies could be produced in large quantities by pharmaceutical companies to treat patients, especially early in the course of infection, and to prevent infection, particularly in the elderly.
Patients who lived longer with cancer at greater risk of severe COVID-19 infection
Cancer patients diagnosed more than 24 months ago are more likely to have a severe COVID-19 infection, research has found. Cancer patients of Asian ethnicity or who were receiving palliative treatment for cancer were also at a higher risk of death from COVID-19.
Study suggests increased risks for COVID-19 patients who smoke, vape
A new review looks at the effect that smoking and vaping may have on the cerebrovascular and neurological systems of COVID-19 patients.
Science sweetens stingless bee species honey health claims
Examination of honey from five different stingless bee species across Neotropical and Indo-Australian regions has enabled for the first time the identification of the unusual disaccharide trehalulose as a major component representing between 13 and 44 g per 100 g of each of these honeys. The previously unrecognized abundance of trehalulose in stingless bee honeys is concrete evidence that supports some of the reported health attributes of this product.
Forecasts of Total Deaths
CDC works with partners to bring together weekly forecasts for COVID-19 deaths in one place. These forecasts have been developed independently and shared publicly. It is important to bring these forecasts together to help understand how they compare with each other and how much uncertainty there is about what may happen in the upcoming four weeks.
Considerations for Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities
Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities
eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting for Healthcare Providers
eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting for Healthcare Providers
SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategy: Considerations for Non-Healthcare Workplaces
SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategy: Considerations for Non-Healthcare Workplaces
среда, 22 июля 2020 г.
New role for white blood cells in the developing brain
Whether white blood cells can be found in the brain has been controversial, and their role there a complete mystery. Scientists describe a population of specialized brain-resident immune cells discovered in the mouse and human brain, and show that the presence of white blood cells is essential for normal brain development in mice.
Brain builds and uses maps of social networks, physical space, in the same way
Even in these social-distanced days, we keep in our heads a map of our relationships with other people: family, friends, coworkers and how they relate to each other. New research shows that we put together this social map in much the same way that we assemble a map of physical places and things.
Mapping the brain's sensory gatekeeper
Researchers have mapped the thalamic reticular nucleus in unprecedented detail, revealing that the region contains two distinct subnetworks of neurons with different functions. The findings could offer researchers much more specific targets for designing drugs that could alleviate attention deficits, sleep disruption, and sensory hypersensitivity.
How neurons reshape inside body fat to boost its calorie-burning capacity
Scientists have found that a hormone tells the brain to dramatically restructure neurons embedded in fat tissue. Their work widens our understanding of how the body regulates its energy consumption, and how obesity might be treated in the future.
Sharks almost gone from many reefs
A massive global study of the world's reefs has found sharks are 'functionally extinct' on nearly one in five of the reefs surveyed.
Twitter data reveals global communication network
Twitter mentions show distinct community structure patterns resulting from communication preferences of individuals affected by physical distance between users and commonalities, such as shared language and history. While previous investigations have identified patterns using other data, such as mobile phone usage and Facebook friend connections, research now looks at the collective effect of message transfer in the global community.
Smile: Atomic imaging finds root of tooth decay
Researchers combined complementary imaging techniques to explore the atomic structure of human enamel, exposing tiny chemical flaws in the fundamental building blocks of our teeth. The findings could help scientists prevent or possibly reverse tooth decay.
Portable blood ammonia detector
This device offers a significantly faster and easier method for detecting ammonia levels in blood, which can reach dangerous levels in people with certain diseases and genetic conditions.
Cancer metabolic pathway identified as target for therapy
Fighting cancer often means employing a suite of techniques to target the tumor and prevent it from growing and spreading to other parts of the body. It's no small feat -- the American Cancer Society predicts roughly 1.8 million new cases of cancer in the country in 2020, underscoring the need to identify additional ways to outsmart the runaway cells.
Markerless motion capture technology could help skeleton athletes' training
Researchers have developed the first non-invasive way of measuring athletes' push start performance.
Ultra-small, parasitic bacteria found in groundwater, moose -- and you
Saccharibacteria within a mammalian host are more diverse than ever anticipated, according to recent research. The researchers also discovered that certain members of the bacteria are found in the oral cavity of humans, the guts of other mammals, and in groundwater.
Fasting diet could boost breast cancer therapy
A team of scientists has found that a fasting-mimicking diet combined with hormone therapy has the potential to help treat breast cancer, according to newly published animal studies and small clinical trials in humans.
Cinnamon may improve blood sugar control in people with prediabetes
Cinnamon improves blood sugar control in people with prediabetes and could slow the progression to type 2 diabetes, according to a new study.
High school athletes require longer recovery following concussions
High school athletes sustaining a concussion require careful attention when determining return-to-sport (RTS) readiness. The purpose of this study was to determine epidemiological and RTS data of a large cohort of high school athletes who sustained one or more concussions.
Insight into toddlers' awareness of their own uncertainty
Toddlers may not be able to describe their feelings of uncertainty, but a new study provides evidence that toddlers may experience and deal with uncertainty in decision making in the same way as older children and adults.
Biggest risk factors identified to try and prevent Alzheimer's disease
There are at least 10 risk factors that appear to have a significant impact on a person's likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease that could be targeted with preventative steps, suggests new research.
Gum disease may raise risk of some cancers
People who have periodontal (gum) disease may have a higher risk of developing some forms of cancer.
Legal marijuana may be slowing reductions in teen marijuana use
A longitudinal study of more than 230 teens and young adults in Washington state finds that teens may be more likely to use marijuana following legalization - with the proliferation of stores and increasing adult use of the drug -- than they otherwise would have been.
Better wastewater treatment? It's a wrap
A shield of graphene helps particles destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the free-floating genes in wastewater treatment plants.
Free trade can prevent hunger caused by climate change
Researchers investigated the effects of trade on hunger in the world as a result of climate change. The conclusion is clear: international trade can compensate for regional food shortages and reduce hunger, particularly when protectionist measures and other barriers to trade are eliminated.
Information for Healthcare Professionals about Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Resources for Healthcare Professionals Caring for COVID-19 Patients
Interim COVID-19 Contact Tracing Communications Toolkit for Health Departments
This toolkit will help health departments develop their communications with communities about COVID-19 contact tracing.
Interim Guidance on Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Correctional and Detention Facilities
Guidance on preparing for, preventing, and managing the spread of COVID-19 in correctional and detention facilities.
Contact Tracing
Contact tracing is used by health departments to prevent the spread of infectious diseased. In general, contact tracing involves identifying people who have an infectious disease (cases) and people who they came in contact with (contacts) and working with them to interrupt disease spread. For COVID-19, this includes asking people with cases to isolate and their contacts to quarantine at home voluntarily.
Duration of Isolation and Precautions for Adults with COVID-19
This guidance outlines key considerations for states and healthcare systems to consider strategies for transferring patients, staff, and supplies between health facilities to optimize patient care, balance resources, and minimize use of crisis care standards. One option is the identification of relief healthcare facilities and establishing or coordinating with existing federal, state, or regional Medical Operation Coordination Cells (MOCC). The implementation of the elements highlighted in this guidance can be found in the Federal MOCC Toolkit reference throughout.
Even if you want to, you can't ignore how people look or sound
Your perceptions of someone you just met are influenced in part by what they look like and how they sound. But can you ignore how someone looks or how they sound if you're told it is not relevant? Probably not, at least in most cases, a new study found.
вторник, 21 июля 2020 г.
Interactive Serology Dashboard for Commercial Laboratory Surveys
Interactive Serology Dashboard for Commercial Laboratory Surveys
Autopsies reveal surprising cardiac changes in COVID-19 patients
A series of autopsies conducted by LSU Health New Orleans pathologists shows the damage to the hearts of COVID-19 patients is not the expected typical inflammation of the heart muscle associated with myocarditis, but rather a unique pattern of cell death in scattered individual heart muscle cells.
Lego builds anaesthesia skills according to new study
Lego could be used as a practical tool to train doctors in anaesthetic skills according to new research that has shown a simple task using the building bricks can help improve technical skills - a finding that could improve medical training and patient safety.
Droplet biosensing method opens the door for faster identification of COVID-19
Researchers have developed an ultrasensitive biosensing method that could dramatically shorten the amount of time required to verify the presence of the COVID-19 virus in a sample.
Front-line physicians stressed and anxious at work and home
Amid the COVID-19 chaos in many hospitals, emergency medicine physicians in seven cities around the country experienced rising levels of anxiety and emotional exhaustion, regardless of the intensity of the local surge, according to a new analysis.
Coordinated exit strategies crucial to avoid virus second-wave in Europe
Research shows European countries need to work together when lifting lockdown measures, to prevent COVID-19 cases rising again on the continent.
COVID-19: Viral shutdown of protein synthesis
Researchers have determined how the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inhibits the synthesis of proteins in infected cells and shown that it effectively disarms the body's innate immune system.
SARS-CoV-2 is not transmitted by mosquitoes, study shows
A new study confirms that SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, cannot be transmitted to people by mosquitoes.
Uses of Telehealth during COVID-19 in Low Resource Non-U.S. Settings
Uses of Telehealth during COVID-19 in Low Resource Non-U.S. Settings
Spinal stimulators repurposed to restore touch in lost limb
Devices commonly implanted for chronic pain could expand patient access to prosthetic arms that ''feel.''
Chinese phase 2 trial finds COVID-19 vaccine is safe and induces an immune response
A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine) was conducted in China in April 2020 and involved more than 500 people. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the immune response and safety of the vaccine, and to determine the most suitable dose for a phase 3 trial. Phase 3 trials are needed to confirm whether the vaccine candidate effectively protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
UK's vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is safe and induces an immune reaction, according to preliminary results
A phase 1/2 trial involving 1,077 healthy adults found that the vaccine induced strong antibody and T cell immune responses up to day 56 of the ongoing trial. These responses may be even greater after a second dose, according to a sub-group study of 10 participants. Compared to the control group (given a meningitis vaccine), the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine caused minor side effects more frequently, but some of these could be reduced by taking paracetamol. There were no serious adverse events from the vaccine. Based on their results, the authors say that further clinical studies, including in older adults, should be done with this vaccine. The current results focus on the immune response measured in the laboratory, and further testing is needed to confirm whether the vaccine effectively protects against infection.
Benefits of routine childhood vaccines far outweigh risks of additional COVID-19 transmission in Africa, study suggests
Continuing routine immunizations during the pandemic could save around 702,000 child lives from vaccine-preventable diseases, far exceeding the potential risks of COVID-19 transmission to older family members from visiting clinics, according to experts.
понедельник, 20 июля 2020 г.
Novel COVID-19 survey takes nation's social, mental "Pulse"
Novel COVID-19 survey takes nation's social, mental "Pulse"
A mechanical way to stimulate neurons
Magnetic nanodiscs can be activated by an external magnetic field, providing a research tool for studying neural responses.
MRI scans of the brains of 130 mammals, including humans, indicate equal connectivity
Researchers conducted a first-of-its-kind study designed to investigate brain connectivity in 130 mammalian species. The intriguing results, contradicting widespread conjectures, revealed that brain connectivity levels are equal in all mammals, including humans.
New model connects respiratory droplet physics with spread of Covid-19
Respiratory droplets from a cough or sneeze travel farther and last longer in humid, cold climates than in hot, dry ones, according to a study on droplet physics.
New diagnostic test for heart failure patients could also help COVID-19 patients
A new blood test that reliably predicts outcomes for heart failure patients could lead to new diagnostics and treatments for COVID-19 patients as well, according to new research.
What silicone wristbands say about chemical exposure in Uruguayan children
Researchers used silicone wristbands to examine the extent of chemical exposure among a small group of children in Montevideo, Uruguay. The 6- to 8-year-olds wore the bands for seven days. After analyzing the wristbands, researchers found an average of 13 pollutants in each one collected. Some of the wristbands showed exposure to DDT, a harmful pesticide that has been banned for use in many countries, including the U.S., since the 1970s.
Specialized cellular compartments discovered in bacteria
Researchers have discovered bacterial organelles involved in gene expression, suggesting that bacteria may not be as simple as once thought. This finding could offer new targets for the development of new antibiotics.
COVID-19 replicating RNA vaccine has robust response in nonhuman primates
A replicating RNA vaccine, formulated with a lipid-based nanoparticle emulsion, produces antibodies against the COVID-19 coronavirus in mice and primates with a single immunization. These antibodies potently neutralize the virus in young and old animals. The antibody levels induced are comparable to those in recovered COVID-19 patients. This formulation is shelf-stable, with mass-production and distribution advantages.
The hair-raising reason for goosebumps
Researchers have discovered that the cells that cause goosebumps are also important for regulating the stem cells that regenerate hair. In the skin, the muscle that contracts to create goosebumps is necessary to bridge the sympathetic nerve's connection to hair follicle stem cells. The sympathetic nerve reacts to cold by contracting the muscle and causing goosebumps in the short term, and by driving stem cell activation and new hair growth over the long term.
Cases, Data, and Surveillance
CDC is aggressively responding to the global outbreak of COVID-19 and preparing for the potential of community spread in the United States.
'Love hormone' oxytocin could be used to treat cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's
Alzheimer's disease progressively degrades a person's memory and cognitive abilities, often resulting in dementia. Amid efforts to find novel treatments for this disease, a recent breakthrough study shows that oxytocin -- the hormone that we commonly know to induce feelings of love and well-being -- can also effectively reverse some of the damage caused by amyloid plaques in the learning and memory center of the brain in an animal model of Alzheimer's.
New nano drug candidate kills aggressive breast cancer cells
Researchers have developed a new drug candidate that kills triple negative breast cancer cells. The discovery will help clinicians target breast cancer cells directly, while avoiding the adverse, toxic side effects of chemotherapy.
Music on the brain
A new study looks at differences between the brains of Japanese classical musicians, Western classical musicians and nonmusicians. Researchers investigated specific kinds of neural behavior in participants as they were exposed to unfamiliar rhythms and nonrhythmic patterns. Trained musicians showed greater powers of rhythmic prediction compared to nonmusicians, with more subtle differences between those trained in Japanese or Western classical music. This research has implications for studies of cultural impact on learning and brain development.
Immunotherapy safe for patients with COVID-19, cancer
Initial findings from a new study show that immunotherapy for cancer won't worsen complications for patients with the disease and COVID-19.
Scientists trace and identify origin of smallpox vaccine strains used in Civil War
Scientists and historians have pieced together the genomes of old viruses that were used as vaccination strains during and after the American Civil War ultimately leading to the eradication of smallpox.
Scientists supercharge shellfish to tackle vitamin deficiency in humans
Cambridge scientists have developed a new way to fortify shellfish to tackle human nutrient deficiencies which cause severe health problems across the world. The team is now working with major seafood manufacturers to further test their microencapsulation technology, or ''Vitamin Bullets''.
Regular exercise helps prevent high blood pressure, even in areas of high air pollution
Regular physical activity is a healthy way to prevent and reduce high blood pressure, even in places where pollution levels are relatively high. Air pollution increases high blood pressure risk, yet it does not outweigh the benefits of physical activity on high blood pressure prevention. Addressing air pollution remains important for high blood pressure prevention.
Nearly 60% of American children lack healthy cardiorespiratory fitness
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurement provides insight into cardiovascular and overall health, including cognitive and academic functions, among children and teens. Healthy CRF is linked to better heart and blood vessel health, academic achievement, mental health and many other positive outcomes in youth. Most pediatric health care offices do not have the facilities to conduct CRF testing routinely in children.
Simple test helps to predict and prevent falls
Scientists have developed a simple clinical test that can assess the lower limb strength of patients to predict their risk of falls. The ''enhanced paper grip test'' involves pulling a small card from underneath the participant's foot while asking them to grip with their big toe (Hallux).
A plot twist in pharmaceuticals: Single nanoparticles could pave the way for medicines on demand
For the first time, a single, twisted nanoparticle has been accurately measured and characterized in a lab, taking scientists one vital step closer to a time when medicines will be produced and blended on a microscopic scale.
Traditional PTSD therapy doesn't trigger drug relapse
Researchers have now demonstrated that behavior therapy that exposes people to memories of their trauma doesn't cause relapses of opioid or other drug use, and that PTSD severity and emotional problems have decreased after the first therapy session.
State, Territorial, Local and Tribal Health Department Search
State, Territorial, Local and Tribal Health Department Search
суббота, 18 июля 2020 г.
Cannabis shows potential for mitigating sickle cell disease pain
Cannabis appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for the chronic pain that afflicts people with sickle cell disease, according to a new clinical trial.
Synapse-saving proteins discovered, opening possibilities in Alzheimer's, schizophrenia
Loss of synapses is a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Researchers discovered a class of proteins that inhibit synapse elimination, opening possibilities for novel therapies for the two diseases.
Study reveals intricate details about Huntington's disease protein
The research focuses on axonal transport -- the way in which vital materials travel along pathways called axons inside nerve cells, or neurons. Scientists found that HTT sometimes journeys along these roadways in cellular vehicles (called vesicles) that also carry freight including a protein called Rab4. The research also identified other materials that may be present in these shipments.
Pesticides speed the spread of deadly waterborne pathogens
Widespread use of pesticides can speed the transmission of the debilitating disease schistosomiasis, while also upsetting the ecological balances in aquatic environments that prevent infections, finds a new study. The infection, which can trigger lifelong liver and kidney damage, affects hundreds of millions of people every year and is second only to malaria among parasitic diseases, in terms of its global impact on human health.
Turmeric could have antiviral properties
Curcumin, a natural compound found in the spice turmeric, could help eliminate certain viruses, research has found. A study showed that curcumin can prevent Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) - an alpha-group coronavirus that infects pigs - from infecting cells. At higher doses, the compound was also found to kill virus particles.
Predicting your personality from your smartphone data
Everyone who uses a smartphone unavoidably generates masses of digital data that are accessible to others, and these data provide clues to the user's personality. Psychologists are now studying how revealing these clues are.
A chemical tailor-made suit for Alzheimer's drugs
Over 50 million people worldwide are affected by Alzheimer's disease and it is one of the greatest medical and social challenges of our time. Due to pathological changes in the brain, patients become increasingly forgetful and disoriented as the disease progresses. Alzheimer's is still considered incurable today. Researchers now describe a promising approach to treating Alzheimer's disease.
Study shows how traumatic experiences can leave their mark on a person's eyes
New research shows that a patient's pupils can reveal if they have suffered a traumatic experience in the past. The study examined how an individual's eyes responded when shown threatening images.
Mundane behavioral decisions, actions can be 'misremembered' as done
Mundane behaviors such as taking a daily medication can eventually create false memories of completing the task.
Principles to enhance research integrity and avoid 'publish or perish' in academia
Amid growing criticism of the traditional ''publish or perish'' system for rewarding academic research, an international team has developed five principles that institutions can follow to measure and reward research integrity. The team believes that applying these principles in academic hiring and promotion will enhance scientific integrity and amplify the benefits of research to society.
Pioneering method reveals dynamic structure in HIV
The method reveals that the lattice, which forms the major structural component of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is dynamic. The discovery of a diffusing lattice made from Gag and GagPol proteins, long considered to be completely static, opens up potential new therapies. Apart from viruses, the method can be applied to study any biomedical structure by tracking molecules moving around in a cell.
Opium linked with more deaths after bypass surgery
The largest study on opium use and outcomes after bypass surgery has found that - in contrast to widely held beliefs - it is linked with more deaths and heart attacks.
Widening cancer gene testing is cost effective and could prevent millions of cancer cases
Screening entire populations for breast and ovarian cancer gene mutations could prevent millions more breast and ovarian cancer cases across the world compared to current clinical practice, according to an international study. The research also shows that it is cost effective in high and upper-middle income countries.
Researchers solve a long-standing problem in organic chemistry
Chemists have for a long time been interested in efficiently constructing polyenes - not least in order to be able to use them for future biomedical applications. However, such designs are currently neither simple nor inexpensive. Scientists have now found a bio-inspired solution to the problem.
Research helping to improve detection of disease in newborn babies
New research will help health-care practitioners to more accurately diagnose disease and illness in newborn babies from urine samples, according to a new study.
When power is toxic: Dominance reduces influence in groups
A new study finds that groups led by subordinate males outperform those led by dominant and aggressive males.
Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Until more information becomes available, precautions should be taken in handling specimens that are suspected or confirmed for SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
пятница, 17 июля 2020 г.
Duration of Isolation and Precautions for Adults with COVID-19
This guidance outlines key considerations for states and healthcare systems to consider strategies for transferring patients, staff, and supplies between health facilities to optimize patient care, balance resources, and minimize use of crisis care standards. One option is the identification of relief healthcare facilities and establishing or coordinating with existing federal, state, or regional Medical Operation Coordination Cells (MOCC). The implementation of the elements highlighted in this guidance can be found in the Federal MOCC Toolkit reference throughout.
New test offers clarity for couples struggling to conceive
A male fertility test could help predict which men might need treatment and which couples might have success with different forms of assisted reproduction.
Potential treatment for rare degenerative disease
A pharmacology professor and her team have uncovered a mechanism driving a rare, lethal disease called Wolfram Syndrome and also a potential treatment.
Beautyberry leaf extract restores drug's power to fight 'superbug'
Laboratory experiments showed that the plant compound works in combination with oxacillin to knock down the resistance to the drug of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.
Widely used blood test could advance heart failure treatment
Researchers have developed a new use for a common blood test, which could provide a potentially life-saving treatment for heart failure.
Expand school digital literacy lessons to cover health technologies used by young people
Young people need more support to navigate the growing number of digital technologies which track and manage their health, say researchers.
Rare mutation of TP53 gene leaves people at higher risk for multiple cancers
Researchers detail the potential implications of a specific TP53 mutation, including an association with a specific type of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, an inherited predisposition to a wide range of cancers.
Prediabetes linked to increased risk of heart disease and early death
Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death in both the general population and in patients with a history of heart problems, finds a new review.
People of Any Age with Underlying Medical Conditions
People of Any Age with Underlying Medical Conditions
Evidence used to update the list of underlying medical conditions that increase a person's risk of severe illness from COVID-19
Evidence used to update the list of underlying medical conditions that increase a person's risk of severe illness from COVID-19
Information for Pediatric Healthcare Providers
Information when managing pediatric patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.
Toolkit for Older Adults and People at Higher Risk
Toolkit for Older Adults and People at Higher Risk
Toolkit for Community and Faith-Based Organizations
Guidance and tools to help community and faith-based organizations make decisions, protect their employees, volunteers, and members, and communicate with their communities.
Toolkit for Parks & Recreational Facilities
Guidance and tools to help youth sports administrators and coaches make decisions, protect their players and staff, and communicate with their communities.
Chest x-rays show more severe COVID-19 in non-white patients
Racial/ethnic minority patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 infection are more likely to have more severe disease on chest X-rays than white/non-Hispanic patients, increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes, such as intubation or death, according to a new study.
Dangerous blood clots form in leg arteries of COVID-19 patients
COVID-19 is associated with life-threatening blood clots in the arteries of the legs, according to a new study. Researchers said COVID-19 patients with symptoms of inadequate blood supply to the lower extremities tend to have larger clots and a significantly higher rate of amputation and death than uninfected people with the same condition.
Toolkit for Businesses and Workplaces
Guidance and tools to help businesses make decisions, protect their staff, and communicate with their communities.
Breakthrough blood test detects positive COVID-19 result in 20 minutes
Researchers report a new method that detects positive COVID-19 cases using blood samples in about 20 minutes, and identifies whether someone has contracted the virus.
Reduction in commercial flights due to COVID-19 leading to less accurate weather forecasts
Weather forecasts have become less accurate during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the reduction in commercial flights, according to new research. A new study finds the world lost 50 to 75 percent of its aircraft weather observations between March and May of this year, when many flights were grounded due to the pandemic.
Type 1 interferon deficiency: Biomarker of patients at risk of severe COVID-19
Which patients are more likely to develop a severe form of COVID-19? In a new study, researchers describe a unique and unexpected immunological phenotype in severe and critical patients.
Will telehealth services become the norm following COVID-19 pandemic?
Experts address whether the routine use of telehealth for patients with cancer could have long-lasting and unforeseen effects on the provision and quality of care.
четверг, 16 июля 2020 г.
Some decontamination processes damage N95 face masks
Certain methods of decontaminating medical face masks for repeated use during the COVID-19 pandemic appear to damage the masks' integrity and protective function, according to new research.
Vaccine additives can enhance immune flexibility -- Implications for flu and SARS-CoV-2
A vaccine additive known as an adjuvant can enhance responses to a vaccine containing the exotic avian flu virus H5N1, so that both rookie and veteran elements of the immune response are strengthened, according to a new study.
Scientists uncover SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in recovered COVID-19 and SARS patients
The T cells, along with antibodies, are an integral part of the human immune response against viral infections due to their ability to directly target and kill infected cells. A Singapore study has uncovered the presence of virus-specific T cell immunity in people who recovered from COVID-19 and SARS, as well as some healthy study subjects who had never been infected by either virus.
Social distancing and COVID-19: A law of diminishing returns
New modeling shows how social distancing could have better been implemented. The key? Longer periods of distancing would have helped -- but only to a point. More needed to be done.
Research raises concerns about firearm access for people with dementia
New research looks at how caregivers address the issues of firearm safety when taking care of someone who has Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) and has access to a gun.
Dangerous parasite controls host cell to spread around body
Researchers have discovered new information about how a dangerous parasite takes control of a patient's cells as it spreads throughout their body, an important finding that could help in the development of new drugs to treat this infection.
How nutrient-starved cells recycle internal components
Researchers systematically surveyed the entire protein landscape of normal and nutrient-deprived cells to identify which proteins and organelles are degraded by autophagy.
Genome guardians stop and reel in DNA to correct replication errors
New research shows how proofreading proteins prevent DNA replication errors by creating an immobile structure that calls more proteins to the site to repair the error. This structure could also prevent the mismatched region from being ''packed'' back into the cell during division.
Finding hints at novel target for Ewing sarcoma therapy
A genetic code-reading machine that is overactive in the pediatric cancer Ewing sarcoma causes cell structures called nucleoli to break up, researchers found. A team will study how to take advantage of this finding therapeutically.
Liquid-repelling substance works on all surfaces
Acting like an invisible force field, a new liquid coating may provide an extra layer of protection for front-line workers. Researchers have developed a coating that repels nearly all substances off a surface. And that new coating will make cleaning personal protective equipment a little bit easier for front-line health care workers.
Space station motors make a robotic prosthetic leg more comfortable, extend battery life
A new robotic prosthetic leg prototype offers a more natural gait while also being quieter and more energy efficient than other designs.
A 'feeling' for dementia? New findings on subjectively perceived memory problems
A research team concludes that personal perception can be an important indicator for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Scientists report that individuals with subjectively felt memory problems also exhibited on average measurable cognitive deficits that were associated with abnormalities in the spinal fluid. Early diagnosis and therapy development could benefit from these findings.
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for severe influenza, COVID-19
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of severe disease from viral infection, according to a new review.
Study identifies patient- and hospital-level risk factors for death in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Researchers studied over 2,000 critically ill adults with COVID-19, and found that 35 percent of patients died in the 28 days after ICU admission. They also found that treatment and outcomes varied greatly between hospitals.
Researchers identify genetic factors that may influence COVID-19 susceptibility
A new study has identified genetic factors that may influence susceptibility to COVID-19. The findings could guide personalized treatment for COVID-19.
среда, 15 июля 2020 г.
Maintaining Essential Services for Malaria in Low-Resource Countries
If essential malaria interventions are significantly disrupted due to COVID-19 challenges, numbers of malaria cases will significantly increase, and death rates could double.
Does eating fish protect our brains from air pollution?
Older women who eat more than one to two servings a week of baked or broiled fish or shellfish may consume enough omega-3 fatty acids to counteract the effects of air pollution on the brain, according to a new study.
Single drop of blood could help rapidly detect radiation sickness
A new proof-of-concept study reports evidence that a new testing method has the potential to rapidly identify radiation sickness based on biomarkers measured through a single drop of blood. Scientists say the test could help save lives through early and real-time identification of the condition to enable timely clinical interventions.
'Bystander' Cs meet their match in gene-editing technique
Biomolecular engineers have developed new tools to increase the accuracy of CRISPR single-base editing to treat genetic diseases.
Credit-card sized tool provides new insights into how cancer cells invade host tissues
Researchers have developed a credit-card sized tool for growing cancer cells outside the human body, which they believe will enhance their understanding of breast cancer metastasis. The device reproduces various environments within the human body where breast cancer cells live. Studying the cells as they go through the process of invasion and metastasis could point the way toward new biomarkers and drugs to diagnose and treat cancer.
Only a third of pediatricians fully follow guidelines on peanut allergy prevention
While 93 percent of U.S. pediatricians surveyed were aware of the national guidelines on peanut allergy prevention in infants, only 30 percent were fully implementing the recommended practices and 64 percent reported partial implementation, according to the study.
Study of natural gas flaring finds high risks to babies
Researchers have found that exposure to flaring -- the burning off of excess natural gas -- at oil and gas production sites is associated with 50% higher odds of preterm birth, compared with no exposure.
Early life stress is associated with youth-onset depression for some types of stress but not others
Examining the association between eight different types of early life stress (ELS) and youth-onset depression, a study reports that individuals exposed to ELS were more likely to develop a major depressive disorder (MDD) in childhood or adolescence than individuals who had not been exposed to ELS.
Researchers 3D print a working heart pump with real human cells
In a groundbreaking new study, researchers have 3D printed a functioning centimeter-scale human heart pump in the lab. The discovery could have major implications for studying heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States killing more than 600,000 people a year.
Novel biomarker technology for cancer diagnostics
A new way of identifying cancer biomarkers has been developed. The new technology allows very sensitive, quick and cost-effective identification of cancer biomarkers.
New promising treatment uses smart nanoparticles to target lung cancer
A new and promising approach for treatment of lung cancer has been developed. The treatment combines a novel surgical approach with smart nanoparticles to specifically target lung tumors.
Flavored cigarette ban significantly reduced youth smoking, new study finds
Researchers analyzed National Survey on Drug Use and Health data to test the effect of the 2009 U.S. flavored cigarette ban. The study found the ban reduced underage smoking by 43% and smoking among young adults by 27%. Researchers call for more comprehensive bans of flavored tobacco products to reduce youth use of these dangerous products.
How to Get CDC's COVID-19 Diagnostic Test and Supplies
How to Get CDC's COVID-19 Diagnostic Test and Supplies
Interim Operational Considerations for Public Health Management of Healthcare Workers Exposed to or Infected with COVID-19: non-US Healthcare Settings
Interim Operational Considerations for Public Health Management of Healthcare Workers Exposed to or Infected with COVID-19: non-US Healthcare Settings
Common FDA-approved drug may effectively neutralize virus that causes COVID-19
A common drug, already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), may also be a powerful tool in fighting COVID-19, according to new research.
Children exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil spill suffered physical, mental health effects
A recent study has found that the Deepwater Horizon disaster was harmful to the mental and physical health of children in the area.
New research highlights increased loneliness in over-70s during COVID-19 pandemic
A new report highlights effects of COVID-19 government measures on Ireland's older population. The research finds that public health measures such as social distancing and cocooning to curb the spread of the virus has increased levels of loneliness and social isolation in older people.
After universal masking, health care worker COVID-19 rates drop at Mass General Brigham
A new study makes it clear: after universal masking was implemented at Mass General Brigham, the rate of COVID-19 infection among health care workers dropped significantly.
COVID-19: Patients improve after immune-suppressant treatment
Most patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (coronavirus) pneumonia experienced improvement after receiving an FDA-approved drug normally given for rheumatoid arthritis, according to an observational study. Outcomes for patients who received the drug, tocilizumab, included reduced inflammation, oxygen requirements, blood pressure support and risk of death, compared with published reports of illness and death associated with severely ill COVID-19 patients.
Novel test method detects coronavirus in highly diluted gargle samples
Pharmacists have succeeded in detecting small amounts of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using mass spectrometry. For their investigation, they used gargle solutions of COVID-19 patients. The novel method might supplement conventional tests.
Learning the wiring diagram for autism spectrum disorders
Researchers have identified brain circuitry that plays a key role in the dysfunctional social, repetitive, and inflexible behavioral differences that characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The findings could lead to new therapies.
A nanomaterial path forward for COVID-19 vaccine development
From mRNA vaccines entering clinical trials, to peptide-based vaccines and using molecular farming to scale vaccine production, the COVID-19 pandemic is pushing new and emerging nanotechnologies into the frontlines and the headlines. Nanoengineers detail the current approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development, and highlight how nanotechnology has enabled these advances, in a review article.
New, remote weight-loss method helped slash pounds
A new remote weight-loss program, called Opt-IN, provides maximum weight loss for the lowest cost and with much less hassle than the gold-standard National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), the most successful behavioral non-drug treatment currently available.
Considerations for Public Pools, Hot Tubs, and Water Playgrounds During COVID-19
Considerations for Public Pools, Hot Tubs, and Water Playgrounds During COVID-19
Spread of flu virus in hospital environment common
One in four inpatients with influenza in a given season showed signs of having become infected during care.
Boosting immune memory could reduce cancer recurrence
A new study on how immune memory can be targeted and improve immunotherapy and prevent cancer recurrence.
COVID-19 may attack patients' central nervous system
A new study finds that depressed mood or anxiety exhibited in COVID-19 patients may be a sign the virus affects the central nervous system. These two psychological symptoms were most closely associated with a loss of smell and taste rather than the more severe indicators of the novel coronavirus such as shortness of breath, cough or fever.
Study finds hidden emotions in the sound of words
New research shows that some sound combinations, like those in the word 'virus,' elicit more emotionally intense responses than others. This may play a role in both children's language acquisition and how we might have evolved language in the first place.
Researchers cast doubt on earlier COVID-19 origins study citing dogs as possible hosts
A study published earlier this year claiming the coronavirus may have jumped from dogs to humans is scientifically flawed, offering no direct evidence to support its conclusions, according to a collaborative group of international researchers.
Ups and downs in COVID-19 data may be caused by data reporting practices
As data accumulates on COVID-19 cases and deaths, researchers have observed patterns of peaks and valleys that repeat on a near-weekly basis. A new study reports that those oscillations arise from variations in testing practices and data reporting, rather than from societal practices around how people are infected or treated.
Autism researchers map brain circuitry of social preference
A new study reveals how two key neural circuits dictate the choice between social approach and avoidance. The findings will enable researchers to evaluate social interventions in autism.
Research Use Only CDC Influenza SARS-CoV-2 (Flu SC2) Multiplex Assay Real-Time RT-PCR Primers and Probes
Research Use Only CDC Influenza SARS-CoV-2 (Flu SC2) Multiplex Assay Real-Time RT-PCR Primers and Probes
вторник, 14 июля 2020 г.
Interim Guidance on Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Correctional and Detention Facilities
Guidance on preparing for, preventing, and managing the spread of COVID-19 in correctional and detention facilities.
Vision scientists discover why people literally don't see eye to eye
We humans may not always see eye to eye on politics, religion, sports and other matters of debate. And now it turns out we also cannot agree on the location and size of objects in our physical surroundings, according to new research.
Converting female mosquitoes to non-biting males with implications for mosquito control
Researchers have proven that a single gene can convert female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes into fertile male mosquitoes and identified a gene needed for male mosquito flight.
Quantum body scanner? What happens when vector vortex beams meet scattering media
Propagate light through any kind of medium -- be it free space or biological tissue -- and light will scatter. Robustness to scattering is a common requirement for communications and for imaging systems. Structured light, with its use of projected patterns, is resistant to scattering, and has therefore emerged as a versatile tool. In particular, modes of structured light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted significant attention for applications in biomedical imaging.
Keeping innocent people out of jail using the science of perception
People wrongfully accused of a crime often wait years -- if ever -- to be exonerated. Many of these wrongfully accused cases stem from unreliable eyewitness testimony. Now, scientists have identified a new way of presenting a lineup to an eyewitness that could improve the likelihood that the correct suspect is identified and reduce the number of innocent people sentenced to jail.
Investigating and responding to COVID-19 cases in non-healthcare work settings
Investigating and responding to COVID-19 cases in non-healthcare work settings
Artificial 'neurotransistor' created
While the optimization of conventional microelectronics is slowly reaching its physical limits, nature offers us a blueprint how information can be processed and stored efficiently: our own brain. Scientists have now successfully imitated the functioning of neurons using semiconductor materials.
Freedom of choice: Adding value to public goods
An experimental game reveals that having the freedom to choose preferred public goods greatly increases their value by motivating more, and better, provisioning.
Tech sector job interviews assess anxiety, not software skills
A new study finds that the technical interviews currently used in hiring for many software engineering positions test whether a job candidate has performance anxiety rather than whether the candidate is competent at coding. The interviews may also be used to exclude groups or favor specific job candidates.
Guidance for Healthcare Workers about COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing
Guidance for Healthcare Workers about COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing
Scientists ID gene responsible for deadly glioblastoma
The discovery of the oncogene responsible for glioblastoma could be the brain cancer's Achilles' heel, one researcher says.
Researchers found a link between genes and preeclampsia
Researchers have showed that HLA-G gene regulates male-to-female ratio at birth. The study strengthens earlier findings of the vulnerability of male fetuses to preeclampsia.
Loss of a co-twin linked to heightened psychiatric risk
The death of a twin, especially earlier in life, can increase the risk of their surviving twin being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, finds a new study.
Robot jaws shows medicated chewing gum could be the future
Medicated chewing gum has been recognized as a new advanced drug delivery method but currently there is no gold standard for testing drug release from chewing gum in vitro. New research has shown a chewing robot with built-in humanoid jaws could provide opportunities for pharmaceutical companies to develop medicated chewing gum.
More than one cognition: A call for change in the field of comparative psychology
Researchers argue that cognitive studies in comparative psychology often wrongly take an anthropocentric approach, resulting in an over-valuation of human-like abilities and the assumption that cognitive skills cluster in animals as they do in humans. The authors advocate for philosophical and procedural changes to the discipline that would lead to a better understanding of animal minds and the evolution of multiple forms of cognition.
Scientists discover key element of strong antibody response to COVID-19
Scientists have discovered a common molecular feature found in many of the human antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19.
How our brains remain active during familiar, repetitive tasks
New research, based on earlier results in mice, suggests that our brains are never at rest, even when we are not learning anything about the world around us.
понедельник, 13 июля 2020 г.
Considerations for Non-emergency Vehicle Transportation for Tribal Communities During COVID-19
Considerations for Non-emergency Vehicle Transportation for Tribal Communities During COVID-19
Green is more than skin-deep for hundreds of frog species
The through-and-through greenness of hundreds of frog species that can be found deep in their lymphatic fluid, soft tissues and even bones, comes from a clever biochemical workaround that combines a normally virus-fighting type of protein with a toxic byproduct of blood breakdown. The camouflage innovation has happened at least 40 times across 11 families of frog and toad.
Artificial energy source for muscle
Muscle physiologist sought an alternative energy source to replace the body's usual one, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Such a source could control muscle activity, and might lead to new muscle spasm-calming treatments in cerebral palsy, for example, or activate or enhance skeletal muscle function in MS, ALS and chronic heart failure. They report this month that they have made a series of synthetic compounds to serve as alternative energy sources for the muscle protein myosin.
Nano-radiomics unveils treatment effect on tumor microenvironment
Researchers have developed a novel noninvasive approach called nano-radiomics that analyzes imaging data to assess changes in the tumor microenvironment that are not detected with conventional imaging methods.
Autoclaving, alcohol not the best options for disinfecting, reusing face masks
Two widely available sterilization methods to clean disposable surgical masks and N95 respirators may not be the best options for hospitals needing to extend the life of personal protective equipment.
Listeria protein provides a CRISPR 'kill switch'
A single protein derived from a common strain of bacteria found in the soil will offer scientists a more precise way to edit RNA.
Mothers' paid work suffers during pandemic, study finds
New research finds early evidence that the pandemic has exacerbated -- not improved -- the gender gap in work hours, which could have enduring consequences for working mothers.
Pickled capers activate proteins important for human brain and heart health
A compound commonly found in pickled capers has been shown to activate proteins required for normal human brain and heart activity, and may even lead to future therapies for the treatment of epilepsy and abnormal heart rhythms.
Cost-effectiveness of esketamine for depression
A study has determined that esketamine, a nasal spray to treat severe depression, is currently too expensive for widespread use.
Why are memories attached to emotions so strong?
Multiple neurons in the brain must fire in synchrony to create persistent memories tied to intense emotions, new research has found.
Study shows humans are optimists for most of life
Researchers have completed the largest study of its kind to determine how optimistic people are in life and when as well as how major life events affect how optimistic they are about the future.
Bird droppings carry risk of antibiotic resistance
Engineers analyze the droppings of urban birds and show persistent levels of antibiotic-resistant genes and bacteria that may be transferred to humans through the environment.
Researcher develops method for mapping brain cell change, development in mice
Researchers have developed a new method for studying key moments in brain development. Researchers are studying how oxytocin receptor expression changes in normally developing mice and mouse models of autism spectrum disorder.
Drug that calms 'cytokine storm' associated with 45 percent lower risk of dying among COVID-19 patients on ventilators
Patients who received single intravenous dose of tocilizumab were also more likely to leave the hospital or be off ventilator within a month, despite double the risk of additional infection, according to a new study.
Significantly less addictive opioid may slow progression of osteoarthritis while easing pain
A new study reveals that kappa opioids, a significantly less addictive opioid, may preserve cartilage in joints and ease pain.
Whole body scans for trauma patients saves time spent in emergency departments
A new study by a medical imaging student may have found the solution to easing hospital ramping and crowded emergency departments.
Guidance for Health Departments about COVID-19 Testing in the Community
Guidance for Health Departments about COVID-19 Testing in the Community
A micro-lab on a chip detects blood type within minutes
The need to first zero in on a blood group can delay blood transfusions in emergency situations, and this in turn can prove fatal. Thus, to speed up the process, a team of scientists has developed a lab-on-a-chip device that can not only tell the blood type within five minutes but allows medical staff to read the results through simple visual inspections.
Researchers find the worst reason to give a gift
Here's a good way to make sure a friend hates a gift from you: Say it will save him money. In a series of studies, researchers found that people reacted negatively to gifts that they were told - or that they inferred - were given to help them save money.
Family caregiving may not harm health of caregivers after all
For decades, family caregiving has been thought to create a type of chronic stress that may lead to significant health risks or even death, alarming potential caregivers and presenting a guilt-ridden obstacle for those needing help.
Bat research critical to preventing next pandemic
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has a likely connection to bats, and the next viral outbreak probably will too. A recent review calls for more research into bats' molecular biology and their ecology, to help predict, and hopefully prevent, the next pandemic.
One in three young adults may face severe COVID-19, study shows
As the number of young adults infected with the coronavirus surges throughout the nation, a new study indicates that youth may not shield people from serious disease.
Engineered llama antibodies neutralize COVID-19 virus
Antibodies derived from llamas have been shown to neutralise the SARS-CoV-2 virus in lab tests, researchers have found. They hope the antibodies -- known as nanobodies due to their small size -- could eventually be developed as a treatment for patients with severe COVID-19.
воскресенье, 12 июля 2020 г.
Interim COVID-19 Contact Tracing Communications Toolkit for Health Departments
This toolkit will help health departments develop their communications with communities about COVID-19 contact tracing.
Key Considerations for Transferring Patients to Relief Healthcare Facilities when Responding to Community Transmission of COVID-19 in the United States
This guidance outlines key considerations for states and healthcare systems to consider strategies for transferring patients, staff, and supplies between health facilities to optimize patient care, balance resources, and minimize use of crisis care standards. One option is the identification of relief healthcare facilities and establishing or coordinating with existing federal, state, or regional Medical Operation Coordination Cells (MOCC). The implementation of the elements highlighted in this guidance can be found in the Federal MOCC Toolkit reference throughout.
Guidance for U.S. Healthcare Facilities about Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Guidance for U.S. Healthcare Facilities about Coronavirus (COVID-19)
суббота, 11 июля 2020 г.
Key role of immune cells in brain development
Researchers have identified how specific brain cells interacting during development could be related to neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, including some that occur later in life.
Extraordinary regeneration of neurons in zebrafish
Biologists have discovered a uniquely rapid form of regeneration in injured neurons and their function in the central nervous system of zebrafish. They studies the Mauthner cells, which are solely responsible for the escape behavior of the fish, and previously regarded as incapable of regeneration. However, their ability to regenerate crucially depends on the location of the injury.
Fast-spreading mutation helps common flu subtype escape immune response
Strains of a common subtype of influenza virus, H3N2, have almost universally acquired a mutation that effectively blocks antibodies from binding to a key viral protein.
An early morning whey protein snack increases morning blood sugar level in healthy people
Consuming protein at night increases blood sugar level in the morning for healthy people, according to new research.
Study links abnormally high blood sugar with higher risk of death in COVID-19 patients not previously diagnosed with diabetes
New research from Wuhan, China shows that, in patients with COVID-19 but without a previous diagnosis of diabetes, abnormally high blood sugar is associated with more than double the risk of death and also an increased risk of severe complications.
Couldn't socially distance? Blame your working memory
A new study highlights the critical role that working memory capacity plays in social distancing compliance during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Physicians give first comprehensive review of COVID-19's effects outside the lung
Based on their experience treating COVID-19, physicians have assembled critical information about the coronavirus's effects on organs outside the lungs.
Researchers solve a 50-year-old enzyme mystery
Advanced herbicides and treatments for infection may result from the unraveling of a 50-year-old mystery.
Farmers' climate change conundrum: Low yields or revenue instability
Climate change will leave some farmers with a difficult conundrum, according to a new study by researchers from Cornell University and Washington State University: Either risk more revenue volatility, or live with a more predictable decrease in crop yields.
Why stakeholders in 'wind energy vs biological conservation' conflict have low mutual trust
Each year, wind turbines are responsible for the death of hundreds of thousands of airborne animals such as bats. To find a constructive way out of this ''green-green'' dilemma, companies building and running wind turbines might have to work together with environmental experts and conservationists. Yet lack of trust between them can hinder effective collaboration. Scientists show: shared values are not sufficient to build trust, as beliefs and emotions have stronger influence.
Frequently Asked Questions about Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Laboratories
Frequently Asked Questions about Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Laboratories
Study pinpoints brain cells that trigger sugar cravings and consumption
New research has identified for the first time the specific brain cells that control how much sugar you eat and how much you crave sweet tasting food. The study specifically identifies the brain cells that respond to the hormone FGF21 to regulate sugar intake and sweet taste preference.
пятница, 10 июля 2020 г.
Toolkit for Community and Faith-Based Organizations
Guidance and tools to help community and faith-based organizations make decisions, protect their employees, volunteers, and members, and communicate with their communities.
Toolkit for Businesses and Workplaces
Guidance and tools to help businesses make decisions, protect their staff, and communicate with their communities.
Global COVID-19 registry finds strokes associated with COVID-19 are more severe, have worse outcomes and higher mortality
Patients with COVID-19 who have an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) experience more severe strokes, have worse functional outcomes and are more likely to die of stroke than AIS patients who do not have COVID-19. The wide range of complications associated with COVID-19 likely explain the worse outcomes.
COVID-19 can be transmitted in the womb, reports pediatric infectious disease journal
A baby girl in Texas -- born prematurely to a mother with COVID-19 -- is the strongest evidence to date that intrauterine (in the womb) transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur, according to a new report.
Scientists may have found one path to a longer life
Mifepristone appears to extend lifespan in evolutionarily divergent species Drosophila and C. elegans in ways that suggest it may do so in humans, as well.
Scientists discover protective Alzheimer's gene and develop rapid drug-testing platform
A gene has been discovered that can naturally suppress the signs of Alzheimer's Disease in human brain cells. The scientists have also developed a new rapid drug-screening system for treatments that could potentially delay or prevent the disease.
Neonatal exposure to antigens of commensal bacteria promotes broader immune repertoire
Researchers have added fresh evidence that early exposure to vaccine-, bacterial- or microbiota-derived antigens has a dramatic effect on the diversity of antibodies an adult mammal will have to fight future infections by pathogens. This antibody diversity is called the clonal repertoire -- basically different single cells with distinct antibody potential that can multiply into a large clone of cells, all producing that distinct antibody.
Cleaning and Disinfection for Households
Guidance on the cleaning and disinfection of households where persons under investigation (PUI) or those with confirmed COVID-19 reside or may be in self-isolation.
Why lopinavir and hydroxychloroquine do not work on COVID-19
Lopinavir is a drug against HIV, hydroxychloroquine is used to treat malaria and rheumatism. Until recently, both drugs were regarded as potential agents in the fight against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Researchers have now discovered that the concentration of the two drugs in the lungs of Covid-19 patients is not sufficient to fight the virus.
Changes in the immune system can promote healthy aging
As we age, the immune system gradually becomes impaired. One aspect of this impairment is chronic inflammation in the elderly, which means that the immune system is constantly active and sends out inflammatory substances. Such chronic inflammation is associated with multiple age-related diseases including arthritis and Alzheimer's disease, and impaired immune responses to infection. One of the questions in ageing research is whether chronic inflammation is a cause of aging, or a consequence of the aging process itself? Scientists have found evidence suggesting that increased inflammation causes the aging process to speed up, and that there is a fine balance between maintaining immune system function and longevity.
Major cause of rare genetic mitochondrial disease identified
An international study has given hope to families of children born with a fatal heart muscle disease caused by faulty cell machinery.
Children rarely transmit COVID-19, doctors write in new commentary
A commentary published in the journal Pediatrics concludes that children infrequently transmit COVID-19 to each other or to adults and that many schools, provided they follow appropriate social distancing guidelines and take into account rates of transmission in their community, can and should reopen in the fall.
четверг, 9 июля 2020 г.
Socio-economic, environmental impacts of COVID-19 quantified
How is COVID-19 impacting people and the planet and what are the implications for a post-pandemic world? A new study quantifies the socio-economic losses and environmental gains.
Salmonella biofilm protein causes autoimmune responses -- Possible link with Alzheimer's
Scientists have demonstrated that a Salmonella biofilm protein can cause autoimmune responses and arthritis in animals.
Study identifies unique cells that may drive lung fibrosis
This is one of the first comprehensive looks at lung cells using a technology called single-cell RNA sequencing. Instead of examining a mash-up of many cells from a tissue sample, single-cell sequencing allowed researchers in this study to closely examine the individual cells that make up the lungs; to identify their function, and ultimately understand the molecular changes that may be driving the disease.
Community initiative increases teenage use of effective contraception
Study finds that teenagers utilize Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) at a rate five times higher than the United States as a whole.
Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Guidance for healthcare professionals who have the potential for direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious materials.
Social Distancing for Tribal Communities with Local COVID-19 Transmission
Social Distancing for Tribal Communities with Local COVID-19 Transmission
Researchers find rise in broken heart syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic
Researchers have found a significant increase in patients experiencing stress cardiomyopathy, also known as broken heart syndrome, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Global wildlife surveillance could provide early warning for next pandemic
Researchers propose a decentralized, global wildlife biosurveillance system to identify -- before the next pandemic emerges -- animal viruses that have the potential to cause human disease.
5G wireless networks have few health impacts, finds study using zebrafish model
Findings from a new study into the effects of radiofrequency radiation generated by the wireless technology that will soon be the standard for cell phones suggest few health impacts.
Bats offer clues to treating COVID-19
Bats carry many viruses, including COVID-19, without becoming ill. Biologists are studying the immune system of bats to find potential ways to 'mimic' that system in humans.
Distorted passage of time during the COVID-19 lockdown
A survey conducted in the U.K. suggests that social and physical distancing measures put in place during the Covid-19 pandemic significantly impacted people's perception of how quickly time passed compared to their pre-lockdown perceptions.
Structural analysis of COVID-19 spike protein provides insight into its evolution
Researchers have characterized the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as well as its most similar relative in a bat coronavirus. The structures provide clues about how the spike evolved and could help inform vaccine design.
Meat and Poultry Processing Facility Assessment Toolkit
Tools and resources for occupational safety and health professionals and state and local public health officials assessing meat and poultry processing facilities.
Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers
Guidance for Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers
Getting the word out to protect meat and poultry plant workers
Getting the word out to protect meat and poultry plant workers
Sodium found to regulate the biological clock of mice
A new study shows that increases in the concentrations of blood sodium can have an influence on the biological clock of mice, opening new research avenues for potentially treating the negative effects associated with long distance travel or shift work.
Study sheds light on how cancer spreads in blood
A new study sheds light on proteins in particles called extracellular vesicles, which are released by tumor cells into the bloodstream and promote the spread of cancer. The findings suggest how a blood test involving these vesicles might be used to diagnose cancer in the future, avoiding the need for invasive surgical biopsies.
Climate change: Heavy rain after drought may cause fish kills
Due to climate changes, many regions are experiencing increasingly warmer and dryer summers, followed by heavy rain. New study shows this is a fatal combination that can cause massive fish kills in lakes within a few hours.
eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting for Healthcare Providers
eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting for Healthcare Providers
State, Territorial, Local and Tribal Health Department Search
State, Territorial, Local and Tribal Health Department Search
New clues from fruit flies about the critical role of sex hormones in stem cell control
In one of the first studies addressing the role of sex hormones' impact on stem cells in the gut, scientists outline new insights showing how a steroidal sex hormone, ecdysone, drastically alters the way intestinal stem cells behave, ultimately affecting the overarching structure and function of this critical organ.
Higher fruit, vegetable and whole grain intake linked to lower risk of diabetes
Higher consumption of fruit, vegetables and whole grain foods are associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to two new studies.
среда, 8 июля 2020 г.
Experimental drug shows early promise against inherited form of ALS, trial indicates
A clinical trial has found evidence that the experimental drug tofersen lowers levels of a disease-causing protein in people with an inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, caused by mutations in the gene SOD1.
Operational Considerations for Infection Prevention and Control in Outpatient Facilities: non-U.S. Healthcare Settings
Operational Considerations for Infection Prevention and Control in Outpatient Facilities: non-U.S. Healthcare Settings
Recommendations for Tribal Ceremonies and Gatherings During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Recommendations for Tribal Ceremonies and Gatherings During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Researchers create air filter that can kill the coronavirus
Researchers have designed a 'catch and kill' air filter that can trap the virus responsible for COVID-19, killing it instantly.
The best (and worst) materials for masks
It's intuitive and scientifically shown that wearing a face covering can help reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. But not all masks are created equal, according to new research.
Links between parents' and children's asthma and allergies
New research found that, compared with a father's traits related to allergies and asthma, a mother's traits create a higher risk that a child will develop these same traits in early childhood.
Hearing persists at end of life
Hearing is widely thought to be the last sense to go in the dying process. Now, the first study to investigate hearing in palliative care patients who are close to death provides evidence that some may still be able to hear while in an unresponsive state. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure the dying brain's response to sound. The findings may help family and friends bring comfort to a person in their final moments.
New molecular tool precisely edits mitochondrial DNA
The precision editing technologies that have revolutionized DNA editing in the cell nucleus have been unable to reach the mitochondrial genome. Now, researchers have broken this barrier with a new type of molecular editor that can make precise C* G-to-T* A nucleotide changes in mitochondrial DNA. The editor, engineered from a bacterial toxin, enables modeling of disease-associated mtDNA mutations, opening the door to a better understanding of genetic changes associated with cancer, aging, and more.
Animals who try to sound 'bigger' are good at learning sounds
Some animals fake their body size by sounding 'bigger' than they actually are. Researchers studied 164 different mammals and found that animals who lower their voice to sound bigger are often skilled vocalists. Both strategies -- sounding bigger and learning sounds -- are likely driven by sexual selection, and may play a role in explaining the origins of human speech evolution.
The effects of smartphone use on parenting
Parents may worry that spending time on their smartphones has a negative impact on their relationships with their children. However, a new comprehensive analysis found that this is unlikely to be the case.
Interim Considerations for SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Correctional and Detention Facilities
Interim Considerations for SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Correctional and Detention Facilities
Considerations for Providing Hemodialysis to Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 in Acute Care Settings
Considerations for Providing Hemodialysis to Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 in Acute Care Settings
CDC in Action
CDC is aggressively responding to the global outbreak of COVID-19 and preparing for the potential of community spread in the United States.
COVID-19 Questions and Answers: For People Who Use Drugs or Have Substance Use Disorder
COVID-19 Questions and Answers: For People Who Use Drugs or Have Substance Use Disorder
вторник, 7 июля 2020 г.
Social Media Toolkit: Communities, Schools & Workplaces
Social Media Toolkit: Communities, Schools & Workplaces
Neurons show distinct styles as they interact with the same muscle partner
A study shows a newfound diversity in how cells talk to the muscle they innervate, revealing that the subclasses of neurons have distinct propensities for change, or 'plasticity'.
Metabolomics meets genomics to improve patient diagnosis
Researchers have improved their ability to identify the genetic cause of undiagnosed conditions.
Common inherited genetic variant identified as frequent cause of deafness in adults
A common inherited genetic variant is a frequent cause of deafness in adults, meaning that many thousands of people are potentially at risk, reveals new research.
Probiotics alone or combined with prebiotics may help ease depression
Probiotics either taken by themselves or when combined with prebiotics, may help to ease depression, suggests a review of the available evidence.
When it comes to DNA repair, it's not one tool fits all
Researchers studied double-strand breaks with complex damage and found that enzyme tools to resect the breaks are highly specific to the type of break to be repaired.
Strain of E. coli may offer protections against its more malevolent cousins
Researchers say E. coli Nissle may protect human cells against other more pathogenic strains of E. coli such as E. coli 0157:H7, which is commonly associated with contaminated hamburger meat.
Shock-dissipating fractal cubes could forge high-tech armor
3D printed cubes,with intricate fractal voids efficiently dissipate shockwaves, potentially leading to new types of lightweight armor and materials to better withstand explosions and impacts.
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