Diverse spectrum of neurons that govern movement

Researchers have identified and mapped a diverse spectrum of motor neurons along the spinal cord.

Importance of COVID-19 Vaccination for Residents of Long-term Care Facilities

Vaccinating LTCF residents will save lives. Making sure LTCF residents can receive COVID-19 vaccination as soon as vaccines are available will help save the lives of those who are most at risk of dying from COVID-19. According to ACIP's recommendations, long-term care facility residents include adults who reside in facilities that provide a range of services, including medical and personal care, to persons who are unable to live independently. The communal nature of LTCFs and the population served (generally older adults often with underlying medical conditions) puts facility residents at increased risk of infection and severe illness from COVID-19

New genetic target for blood cancer treatment

Researchers have identified a vulnerability in some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia that could be harnessed for targeted treatment of these poor-prognosis cancers.

Treatment found to improve cognitive function in patients with fragile X syndrome

An experimental treatment produced improvements in cognitive function and language in patients with fragile X syndrome, according to new study results.

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

How diet controls RNA maturation

Particularly sensitive to chemical modifications, mRNAs are molecules responsible for transmitting the information encoded in our genome, allowing for the synthesis of proteins. Two teams have focused on a specific type of chemical modification - called methylation - of mRNA molecules in the small worm Caenorhabditis elegans. They found that methylation on a particular sequence of an mRNA leads to its degradation and that this control mechanism depends on the worm's diet.

CDC's COVID-19 Weekly Partner Calls

CDC's COVID-19 Weekly Partner Calls provide a broad base of partners with updates on the latest guidance, hot topics, and scientific insight on CDC's COVID-19 response efforts. Each week the call focuses on a specific topic, diving deeply to provide more information, followed by a Q&A portion of the call. Questions are accepted ahead of time from the general public, and though not all questions are able to be answered during the call, as many are answered as possible.

People with Disabilities and COVID-19

People with Disabilities and COVID-19

There are Different COVID-19 Vaccines

Easy to Read COVID-19 explaining how different COVID-19 vaccines work primarily developed for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and others who read or listen with understanding below a third-grade level.

COVID-19 Vaccines are Important

Easy to read information about COVID-19 and steps to protect yourself and others

Communication Resources for COVID-19 Vaccines

COVID-19 vaccines communciation resources including print resources, graphics, social media, web widgets, and other communication tools.

What School Nutrition Professionals and Volunteers at Schools Need to Know about COVID-19

Learn what school nutrition professionals and volunteers need to know during COVID-19.

How meningitis-causing bacteria may sense fever to avoid immune killing

Researchers have discovered a mechanism through which meningitis-causing bacteria can evade our immune system. In laboratory tests, they found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae respond to increasing temperatures by producing safeguards that keep them from getting killed. This may prime their defenses against our immune system and increase their chances of survival, the researchers say.

COVID Data Tracker Weekly Review

A review of the week's key data from CDC's COVID Data Tracker, narrative interpretations, and visualizations.

Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with High Risk for Severe COVID-19: Information for Healthcare Providers

Guidance for clinical healthcare workers on clinical care for patients with underlying medical conditions who are diagnosed with COVID-19.

Correctional and Detention Facilities

Resources for Correctional and Detention Facilities

Multi-drug resistant infection about to evolve within cystic fibrosis patients

Scientists have been able to track how a multi-drug resistant organism is able to evolve and spread widely among cystic fibrosis patients - showing that it can evolve rapidly within an individual during chronic infection. The researchers say their findings highlight the need to treat patients with Mycobacterium abscessus infection immediately, counter to current medical practice.

A third of kids develop a mental health problem after concussion

A third of children and adolescents develop a mental health problem after a concussion, which could persist for several years post-injury, according to a new literature review.

Risk of developmental difficulties remains high among children born early

Children born preterm (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) remain at high risk of developmental difficulties that can affect their behavior and ability to learn, finds a new study.

Structural changes in snap-frozen proteins

Researchers have succeeded in ultra-fast freezing proteins after a precisely defined period of time. They were able to follow structural changes on the microsecond time scale and with sub-nanometer precision. Owing to its high spatial and temporal resolution, the method allows tracking rapid structural changes in enzymes and nucleic acids.

Childhood psychiatric symptom risk strongly linked to adverse exposures during gestation

Adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy -- including those that occur before pregnancy is recognized -- have a sizable effect on risk for psychiatric symptoms in childhood. Researchers are working to discover, develop and implement early life interventions that can mitigate some of these risks.

Driving behaviors harbor early signals of dementia

Using naturalistic driving data and machine learning techniques, researchers have developed highly accurate algorithms for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older drivers. Naturalistic driving data refer to data captured through in-vehicle recording devices or other technologies in the real-world setting. These data could be processed to measure driving exposure, space and performance in great detail.

People with Certain Medical Conditions

People of Any Age with Underlying Medical Conditions

High vaccination rate is key to future course of COVID-19 pandemic, computer modeling shows

Data scientists who developed highly accurate computer modeling to predict trends for COVID-19 cases nationwide have new research that shows how important a high rate of vaccination is to reducing case numbers and controlling the pandemic.

New atlas of genetic function maps complexities of immune system and immune diseases

A new genetic database for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases will allow experts to more deeply understand how immune disorders develop and plan future drug discovery projects. Scientists also hope this atlas of immune-related genome data may eventually be applied to investigations of infectious diseases like COVID-19.

Wearable glucose monitors shed light on progression of Type 2 diabetes in Hispanic adults

Researchers have shown wearable devices that continuously monitor blood sugar provide new insights into the progression of Type 2 diabetes among at-risk Hispanic/Latino adults.

Combining solar panels and lamb grazing increases land productivity, study finds

Land productivity could be greatly increased by combining sheep grazing and solar energy production on the same land, according to new research.

Single-cell CRISPR technology deciphers role of chromatin accessibility in cancer

Researchers have developed CRISPR-sciATAC, a novel integrative genetic screening platform that jointly captures CRISPR gene perturbations and single-cell chromatin accessibility genome-wide. The new method harnesses the programmability of the gene editing system CRISPR to knock-out nearly all chromatin-related genes in parallel, offering researchers deeper insights into the role of DNA accessibility in cancer and in rare diseases involving chromatin.

Fasting lowers blood pressure by reshaping the gut microbiota

For the first time researchers demonstrate that intermittent fasting can reduce hypertension by reshaping the gut microbiota in an animal model.

Baby's first stool can help predict risk of developing allergies

Researchers have shown that the composition of a baby's first feces -- a thick, dark green substance known as meconium -- is associated with whether or not a child will develop allergies within their first year of life. By analyzing meconium samples from 100 infants, they show that the development of a healthy immune system and microbiota may start well before a child is born.

A psychologist's guide to donating more effectively to charities

Donating to a charity is often driven by emotion rather than by calculated assessments based on how to make the biggest impact. A new article looks at how people can be encouraged to direct their charitable contributions in ways that allow them to get more bang for the buck.

Many Hispanics died of COVID-19 because of work exposure, study suggests

Hispanic Americans have died of COVID-19 at a disproportionately high rate compared to whites because of workplace exposure to the virus, a new study suggests.

Avocado discovery may point to leukemia treatment

A compound in avocados may ultimately offer a route to better leukemia treatment, says a new study.

How does the brain flexibly process complex information?

Human decision-making depends on the flexible processing of complex information, but how the brain may adapt processing to momentary task demands has remained unclear. Researchers have now outlined several crucial neural processes revealing that our brain networks may rapidly and flexibly shift from a rhythmic to a 'noisy' state when the need to process information increases.

More than 25% of infants not getting common childhood vaccinations

More than a quarter of American infants in 2018 had not received common childhood vaccines that protect them from illnesses such as polio, tetanus, measles, mumps and chicken pox, new research reveals.

Diseases affect brain's networks selectively, BrainMap analysis affirms

Researchers studied 43 brain disorders and strongly affirmed a theory called the 'network degeneration hypothesis.' This theory holds that disease-related structural damage invades functional networks used in human behavior and often repeats in 'co-alteration networks.'

A new strain of a well-known probiotic might offer help for infants' intestinal problems

A new strain of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic is able to utilise both lactose and casein as well as reproduce in dairy products. The discovery can make it unnecessary to separately add the probiotic to dairy products, in addition to which it could fare better in the intestine, boosting gut health.

Risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 in people with diabetes

Do all people with diabetes have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, or can specific risk factors also be identified within this group? A new study has focused precisely on this question and gained relevant insights.

Fish oil supplements and heart rhythm disorder: New analysis

Omega-3 supplements are associated with an increased likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation in people with high blood lipids, according to a new analysis.

Expressing variety of emotions earns entrepreneurs funding

Despite perceptions that entrepreneurs should always be positive about their ventures, a study found that entrepreneurs whose facial expressions moved through a mix of happiness, anger and fear during funding pitches were more successful. Researchers analyzed nearly 500 pitch videos from the online crowdfunding site Kickstarter. Those who varied their emotional expressions had more success on meeting their goal, total amount raised and number of contributors.

Team builds better tool for assessing infant brain health

Researchers have created a new, open-access tool that allows doctors and scientists to evaluate infant brain health by assessing the concentration of various chemical markers, called metabolites, in the brain. The tool compiled data from 140 infants to determine normal ranges for these metabolites.

Eye movements of those with dyslexia reveal laborious and inefficient reading strategies

A new article used eye-tracking technology to record eye movements of readers and concluded that people with dyslexia have a profoundly different and much more difficult way of sampling visual information than normal readers.

Information about COVID-19 Vaccines for People who Are Pregnant or Breastfeeding

Healthcare personnel who are pregnant or breastfeeding may get vaccinated for COVID-19, but there are many considerations that go into that decision.

How to talk about COVID-19 vaccines with friends and family

COVID-19 vaccines are new, and it's normal to for people to have questions about them. CDC has information about how to talk to your friends and family about COVID-19 vaccines.

Draining brain's debris enhances Alzheimer's therapies in mice

Researchers have found that improving the function of the brain's drainage network, known as the meningeal lymphatics, can make certain experimental Alzheimer's therapies more effective in mice.

Major advance enables study of genetic mutations in any tissue

For the first time, scientists are able to study changes in the DNA of any human tissue, following the resolution of long-standing technical challenges. The new method, called nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), makes it possible to study how genetic changes occur in human tissues with unprecedented accuracy.

Cloth face coverings can be as effective as surgical masks at protecting against COVID-19, study finds

Researchers have found that well-fitting, three-layered cloth masks can be as effective at reducing the transmission of COVID-19 as surgical masks.

New model may explain the mystery of asymmetry in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by slowness of movement and tremors, which often appear asymmetrically in patients. The new model of PD may explain these perplexing asymmetrical motor symptoms and other known variations such as different degrees of constipation and sleep disorders.

Ageing impairs critical final egg maturation stage

Age may influence an a human egg cell's ability to process gene products essential for the last steps of its development. The final maturation stage is critical for reproduction because it provides the material early embryos need to develop normally and survive. The researchers also found that abnormal BMI also impacted oocyte development, but through different root mechanisms compared to the fertility decline caused by age.

More sleep or more exercise: the best time trade-offs for children's health

More sleep could offset children's excess indulgence over the school holidays as new research shows that the same decline in body mass index may be achieved by either extra sleep or extra exercise.

Household aerosols now release more harmful smog chemicals than all UK vehicles

Aerosol products used in the home now emit more harmful volatile organic compound (VOC) air pollution than all the vehicles in the UK, new research shows. A new study reveals that the picture is damaging globally with the world's population now using huge numbers of disposable aerosols - more than 25 billion cans per year.

Responder Stories

Learn about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), including symptoms, complications, transmission, prevention, treatment, and summary updates of the outbreak.

Linguists predict unknown words using language comparison

A new article describes an experiment that illustrates how the classical method for the reconstruction of unattested languages can also be used to predict hitherto undocumented words in poorly described and endangered languages of India.

How CDC Is Making COVID-19 Vaccine Recommendations

Learn about the CDC's COVID-19 vaccine recommendation process and the goals and principles guiding decisions if there is a limited supply at first.

How CDC Determines the Level of a Country's COVID-19 Travel Health Notice

CDC notifies travelers and other audiences about health threats in destinations around the world through Travel Health Notices (THN). During the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC has also provided an interactive world map specifically showing COVID-19 travel recommendations by country.

Only one in four people experience mild systemic side effects from COVID-19 vaccines, study finds

A large-scale study in the United Kingdom compares the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines and investigates the prevalence of mild side effects.

A new treatment that might keep COVID-19 patients off the ventilator

A new treatment is among the first known to reduce the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the flu in animals, according to a new study.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Deaths

CDC works with partners to bring together weekly forecasts for COVID-19 deaths in one place. These forecasts have been developed independently and shared publicly. It is important to bring these forecasts together to help understand how they compare with each other and how much uncertainty there is about what may happen in the upcoming four weeks.

Previous Forecasts of Total Deaths

Forecasts show national and state level cumulative reported and predicted deaths since the beginning of the pandemic.

Previous COVID-19 Forecasts: Cases

Forecasts show national and state level cumulative reported and predicted deaths since the beginning of the pandemic. CDC is working with partners to bring together weekly COVID-19 forecasts in one place.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Cases

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new cases.

Espresso, latte or decaf? Genetic code drives your desire for coffee

Whether you hanker for a hard hit of caffeine or favor the frothiness of a milky cappuccino, your regular coffee order could be telling you more about your cardio health than you think. In a new study of 390,435 people, researchers found causal genetic evidence that cardio health - as reflected in blood pressure and heart rate - influences coffee consumption.

Previous COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

Researchers identify protein produced after stroke that triggers neurodegeneration

Researchers have identified a new protein implicated in cell death that provides a potential therapeutic target that could prevent or delay the progress of neurodegenerative diseases following a stroke.

Few young adult men have gotten the HPV vaccine

Using data from the 2010-2018 National Health Interview Surveys, researchers found that just 16% of men who were 18 to 21 years old had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine at any age. In comparison, 42% of women in the same age bracket had gotten at least one shot of the vaccine.

Anesthesia doesn't simply turn off the brain, it changes its rhythms

Simultaneous measurement of neural rhythms and spikes across five brain areas in animals reveals how propofol induces unconsciousness. Slow rhythm signature can guide anesthesiologists to improve patient care.

Updated Healthcare Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations in Response to COVID-19 Vaccination

CDC recommended infection prevention and control (IPC) practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Considerations for Events and Gatherings

Learn how to plan various size gatherings during COVID-19 to enhance the protection of individuals and communities.

Choosing Safer Activities

When choosing safer activities, consider how COVID-19 is spreading in your community, the number of people participating in the activity, and the location of the activity.

International Travel During COVID-19

There are several things to consider when deciding whether it is safe for you to travel in the United States. This includes the following: is COVID-19 spreading where you're going, will you be in close contact with others, are you at higher risk of severe illness if you do get COVID-19, do you have a plan for taking time off from work or school, do you live with someone who is older or has a severe chronic health condition, and is COVID-19 spreading where you live?

Daily Activities and Going Out

Going Out

Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Air Passengers Arriving in the United States

Information and frequently asked questions about requirement for proof of negative COVID-19 test or recovery from COVID-19 for all air passengers arriving in the United States

Travel during the COVID-19 Pandemic

There are several things to consider when deciding whether it is safe for you to travel in the United States. This includes the following: is COVID-19 spreading where you're going, will you be in close contact with others, are you at higher risk of severe illness if you do get COVID-19, do you have a plan for taking time off from work or school, do you live with someone who is older or has a severe chronic health condition, and is COVID-19 spreading where you live?

Prevent Getting Sick

Here is what you can do to prepare your family in case COVID-19 spreads in your community.

After You Travel

Depending on your travel history, you will be asked to stay home for a period of 14 days from the time you left an area with widespread or ongoing community spread.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Home Page

Interim Public Health Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People

Interim public health recommendations describing the type of activities people who are fully vaccinated can do once fully vaccinated.

When You've Been Fully Vaccinated

Recommendations on what activities people can do after they have been fully vaccinated, including how to gather safely with vaccinated and unvaccinated people.

Breastfeeding linked to higher neurocognitive testing scores in offspring

New research finds that children who were breastfed scored higher on neurocognitive tests. Researchers analyzed thousands of cognitive tests taken by nine and ten-year-olds whose mothers reported they were breastfed, and compared those results to scores of children who were not.

New method preserves viable fruit fly embryos in liquid nitrogen

A team has developed a method that cryopreserves fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryos so they can be successfully recovered and developed into adult insects.

El COVID-19 y su salud

Información sobre el COVID-19 fácil de leer y medidas para protegerse a sí mismo y a los demás

Percent of Delivered First Vaccine Doses Administered by U.S. States and Territories

States and jurisdictions assess their efforts at vaccinating their community and monitor the percentage of the vaccine supply delivered that has been administered.

Comprehensive single-cell atlas of human teeth

Researchers have mapped the first complete atlas of single cells that make up the human teeth. Their research shows that the composition of human dental pulp and periodontium vary greatly. Their findings open up new avenues for cell-based dental therapeutic approaches.

How oxygen radicals protect against cancer

Oxygen radicals in the body are generally considered dangerous because they can trigger something called oxidative stress, which is associated with the development of many chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In studies on mice, scientists have now discovered how oxygen radicals, conversely, can also reduce the risk of cancer and mitigate damage to the hereditary molecule DNA.

Men's loneliness linked to an increased risk of cancer

A recent study shows that loneliness among middle-aged men is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Strategies for Protecting K-12 School Staff from COVID-19

Learn strategies for protecting K-12 school staff from COVID-19 as schools reopen.

Skin and bones repaired by bioprinting during surgery

Fixing traumatic injuries to the skin and bones of the face and skull is difficult because of the many layers of different types of tissues involved, but now, researchers have repaired such defects in a rat model using bioprinting during surgery, and their work may lead to faster and better methods of healing skin and bones.

Fooling fusion fuel: How to discipline unruly plasma

Scientists have developed a type of deception to calm unruly plasma and accelerate the harvesting on Earth of fusion energy.

A new perspective on the genomes of archaic humans

Researchers examined 14,000 genetic differences between modern humans and our most recent ancestors at a new level of detail. They found that differences in gene activation - not just genetic code - could underlie evolution of the brain and vocal tract.

Two novel biobanks offer investigatory targets for cocaine and oxycodone addiction

Researchers have created to novel biobanks of diverse tissues from animals to further explore the biological bases and consequences of addiction to cocaine and oxycodone.

Life science research result reporting set for boost under new system

A new guideline for reporting research results has been developed to improve reproducibility, replication, and transparency in life sciences.

A new way of rapidly counting and identifying viruses

A professor has introduced a new concept for rapidly analyzing for the presence of a virus from colds to coronaviruses. However, although the concept can identify that someone has a type of coronavirus for example, it would not be able to determine the type of coronavirus, or variants. Additional tests would still be required to find out the specific virus someone was infected with.

Research shows pain relieving effects of CBD

In an experimental pain study of CBD in humans, researchers conclude that CBD pain relief is driven by both pharmacological action and psychological placebo effects.

U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Program: Vaccine Channel Portfolio by Jurisdiction

This report provides an overview of the multiple channels being used to ensure all Americans have access to COVID-19 vaccine. Jurisdictional delivery and administration portfolios vary across the United States because of population variability.

Brain changes following traumatic brain injury share similarities with Alzheimer's disease

Brain changes in people with Alzheimer's disease and in those with mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have significant similarities.

Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)

A Nucleic Acid Amplification Test, or NAAT, is a type of viral diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Can a newborn's brain discriminate speech sounds?

People's ability to perceive speech sounds has been deeply studied, specially during someone's first year of life, but what happens during the first hours after birth? Are babies born with innate abilities to perceive speech sounds, or do neural encoding processes need to age for some time?

COVID-19 Travel Recommendations by Country

Search COVID-19 risk assessment by country larger map

Bacteria and viruses infect our cells through sugars: Now researchers want to know how they do it

Most infectious bacteria and viruses bind to sugars on the surface of our cells. Now researchers have created a library of tens of thousands of natural cells containing all the sugars found on the surface of our cells. The library may help us understand the role played by sugars and their receptors in the immune system and the brain, the researchers behind the study explain.

Inspired by nature, the research to develop a new load-bearing material

Engineers have developed a new material that mimics human cartilage - the body's shock absorbing and lubrication system, and it could herald the development of a new generation of lightweight bearings.

Newly discovered immune cell function vital to healing

Cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of death, is the result of oxygen deprivation as blood perfusion to affected tissue is prevented. To halt the development of the disease and to promote healing, re-establishment of blood flow is crucial. Researchers have now discovered that one of the most common immune cells in the human body, macrophages, play an important role in re-establishing and controlling blood flow, something that can be used to develop new drugs.

Heartbeat can help detect signs of consciousness in patients after a coma

A new study shows that heart brain interactions, measured using electroencephalography (EEG), provide a novel diagnostic method for patients with disorders of consciousness.

Muscle gene linked to type 2 diabetes

People with type 2 diabetes tend to have poorer muscle function than others. Now a research team has discovered that in type 2 diabetes, a specific gene is of great importance for the ability of muscle stem cells to create new mature muscle cells.

Suggestions for Youth and Summer Camps

CDC offers considerations for ways in which camp administrators can help protect campers, staff, and communities, and slow the spread of COVID-19.

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccination Data for Long-Term Care Facilities

CDC is using both new and existing information technology (IT) systems to rapidly collect reliable data about how many doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been delivered (distribution) and how many people have been vaccinated with those doses (administration)

Different COVID-19 Vaccines

Overview of what you should know about the different COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccine types and how they work to provide protection against COVID-19, which vaccines have been authorized and recommended in the United States, and which are in Phase 3 clinical trials.

Fight or flight response may hinge on protein in skeletal muscular system

Researchers say a regulatory protein found in skeletal muscle fiber may play an important role in the body's fight or flight response when encountering stressful situations.

Skeletal defects may be ameliorated after immobility in the womb

Researchers have discovered that some skeletal defects associated with a lack of movement in the womb during early development may still be ameliorated after such periods of immobility if movement resumes. The discovery was made using chicken embryos, which develop similarly to their human equivalents and which can be easily viewed as development takes place - raising hopes that the finding may also apply to humans and thus have important implications for therapeutic interventions.

How philosophy can change the understanding of pain

Researchers have investigated how philosophical approaches can be used to think in new ways about pain and its management. The researchers advocate not merely reducing chronic pain management to searching and treating underlying physical changes but instead adopting an approach that focuses on the person as a whole.

Living cells: Individual receptors caught in the act of coupling

A new imaging technique that can capture movies of individual receptors on the surface of living cells in unprecedented detail could pave the way to a trove of new drugs.

Teaching pupils to 'think like Da Vinci' will help them to take on climate change

Reforms to the school curriculum which mix the arts and sciences, so that these subjects 'teach together' around common themes like climate change and food security, will better prepare young people for the real-world challenges that will define their adult lives, researchers argue in a new paper.

Vaccines for COVID-19

Learn about COVID-19 vaccine planning, how vaccine recommendations will be made, and the work going into ensuring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Anti-aging compound improves muscle glucose metabolism in people

In the first clinical trial of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), researchers have found that the compound previously demonstrated to counteract aspects of aging and improve metabolic health in mice also has clinically relevant effects in people.

Researchers trace spinal neuron family tree

Spinal cord nerve cells branching through the body resemble trees with limbs fanning out in every direction. But this image can also be used to tell the story of how these neurons, their jobs becoming more specialized over time, arose through developmental and evolutionary history. Researchers have traced the development of spinal cord neurons using genetic signatures and revealed how different subtypes of the cells may have evolved and ultimately function to regulate body movements.

Salad or cheeseburger? Your co-workers shape your food choices

Employees' cafeteria purchases -- both healthy and unhealthy foods -- were influenced by their co-workers' food choices, found a large, two-year study of hospital employees. The study made innovative use of cash register data to gain insights into how individuals' social networks shape their health behavior. The research suggests we might structure future efforts aimed at improving population health by capitalizing on how one person's behavior influences another.

MERS DNA vaccine induces immunity, protects from virus challenge in preclinical model

A synthetic DNA vaccine candidate for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) induced potent immune responses and afforded protective efficacy in non-human primate models when given intradermally in abbreviated, low-dose immunization regimen.

Researchers show how 'theory of mind' influences advertising skepticism

Product marketers should be clear in their messaging to avoid customer skepticism that makes them feel duped, according to new research. At issue in a new study was a social-cognitive construct called theory of mind, which considers how well people assess the mental states and apparent goals of others. Turns out, it affects a person's evaluation and willingness to buy a product.

Stress test finds cracks in the resistance of harmful hospital bugs

Research has identified critical factors that enable dangerous bacteria to spread disease by surviving on surfaces in hospitals and kitchens.

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

Minimally invasive retinal reattachment procedure leads to superior photoreceptor integrity

A new study reinforces pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) as the better first-line retinal reattachment technique to achieve the best visual outcomes.

The Importance of COVID-19 Vaccination for Healthcare Personnel

Based on recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), an independent panel of medical and public health experts, CDC recommends healthcare personnel be among those offered the first doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare personnel include all paid and unpaid persons serving in healthcare settings who have the potential for direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious materials.

Changing views on atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis -- hardening of the arteries -- is now involved in the majority of deaths worldwide, and advances in our understanding of the biology of the disease are changing traditional views and opening up new avenues for treatment.

COVID-19 Vaccine Information for Specific Groups

Although the vaccine supply is currently limited, CDC is working toward making vaccines widely available for everyone at no cost. Learn more about your state's plan.

School Nutrition Resources

COVID-19 schools nutrition resources for school nutrition professionals, teachers and staff.

COVID Data Tracker Weekly Review

A review of the week's key data from CDC's COVID Data Tracker, narrative interpretations, and visualizations.

COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity

Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death by race/ethnicity

COVID-19 Vaccination Considerations for Persons with Underlying Medical Conditions

If you have an underlying medical condition, this can help you make an informed decision about getting a COVID-19 vaccination.

Ensuring the Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States

Safety is a top priority for COVID-19 vaccines. Learn how the U.S. vaccine safety system is ensuring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Ankle exoskeleton enables faster walking

In lab tests, researchers found that an optimized ankle exoskeleton system increased participants' walking speed by about 40 percent compared with their regular speed. The researchers hope someday to help restore walking speed in older adults.

Recreating the earliest stages of life

A group of scientists has now demonstrated the presence of precursors of the placenta and the amniotic sac in synthetic embryos they created from mouse stem cells.

Freeze! Executioner protein caught in the act

A new molecular 'freeze frame' technique has allowed researchers to see key steps in how the protein MLKL kills cells.

Poor iodine levels in women pose risks to fetal intellectual development in pregnancy

An increasing number of young women are at increased risk of having children born with impaired neurological conditions, due to poor iodine intake.

Immune system, not COVID virus, may pose greatest risk to pregnant women

Scientists investigated whether the COVID-19 virus could be affecting placental tissue of infected expectant mothers. Their analysis found that while evidence of the virus in the placenta is rare, the placenta in infected mothers tended to exhibit a much higher level of immune system activity than those of non-infected pregnant women, they report.

Lithium treats intellectual defects in mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

Mice with symptoms that mimic Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) have difficulty with learning and generating new neurons in the hippocampus. However, according to a new study, these mental defects can be successfully treated with lithium.

Pregnant women with COVID-19 face high mortality rate

In a worldwide study of 2,100 pregnant women, those who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy were 20 times more likely to die than those who did not contract the virus.

Air Travel Toolkit for Airline Partners

Communication Toolkit for Airlines to inform Travelers and Crew

Road Travel Toolkit for Transportation Partners

Communication Toolkit for Transportation Partners to Inform Road Travelers

Fighting harmful bacteria with nanoparticles

Multi-resistant pathogens are a serious and increasing problem in today's medicine. Where antibiotics are ineffective, these bacteria can cause life-threatening infections. Researchers are currently developing nanoparticles that can be used to detect and kill multi-resistant pathogens that hide inside our body cells. The team published the study in the current issue of the journal Nanoscale.

Collaborative research could help fine-tune the production of antimalarials, chemo drugs

Much of common pharmaceutical development today is the product of laborious cycles of tweaking and optimization. In each drug, a carefully concocted formula of natural and synthetic enzymes and ingredients works together to catalyze a desired reaction. But in early development, much of the process is spent determining what quantities of each enzyme to use to ensure a reaction occurs at a specific speed.

Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines

Learn the key things you need to know about the new COVID-19 vaccines.

Recursos para los trabajadores de salud comunitarios, representantes de salud comunitarios y promotores de la salud

Los trabajadores de salud comunitarios -también conocidos como representantes de salud comunitarios y promotores de la salud- proporcionan servicios cruciales a las comunidades afectadas de manera desproporcionada por amenazas para la salud pública, como

How we know whether and when to pay attention

International team of researchers identifies cognitive computations underlying human predictive behavior.

Interim Guidance for Case Investigation and Contact Tracing in K-12 Schools

Learn what administrators of public and private K-12 schools should know about COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing.

Workplaces and Businesses

Workplaces and Businesses

Study explains 'cocktail party effect' in hearing impairment

Plenty of people struggle to make sense of a multitude of converging voices in a crowded room. Commonly known as the 'cocktail party effect,' people with hearing loss find it's especially difficult to understand speech in a noisy environment. New research suggests that, for some listeners, this may have less to do with actually discerning sounds. Instead, it may be a processing problem in which two ears blend different sounds together - a condition known as binaural pitch fusion.

CDC's COVID-19 Weekly Partner Calls

CDC's COVID-19 Weekly Partner Calls provide a broad base of partners with updates on the latest guidance, hot topics, and scientific insight on CDC's COVID-19 response efforts. Each week the call focuses on a specific topic, diving deeply to provide more information, followed by a Q&A portion of the call. Questions are accepted ahead of time from the general public, and though not all questions are able to be answered during the call, as many are answered as possible.

Stay Safer While You Wait for COVID-19 Vaccines

Easy to read information about COVID-19 and steps to protect yourself and others

COVID-19 Vaccines are Important

Easy to read information about COVID-19 and steps to protect yourself and others

Fortifying the Frontlines Against COVID-19

Meet a woman who advanced the science on the spread of COVID-19 and massively strengthened health departments in their efforts to slow the spread. CDC's Peggy Honein started out in the pandemic leading efforts on the ground in early tragic outbreaks.

Mechanical engineers develop new high-performance artificial muscle technology

Researchers have developed a new, high-performance artificial muscle technology. The new technology enables more human-like motion due to its flexibility and adaptability, but outperforms human skeletal muscle in several metrics.

Social Media Toolkit

Provides messages and graphics to help ensure current, correct messaging from a trusted source, create collateral materials, and share resources regarding COVID-19.

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States

Information on COVID-19 vaccination data reported in CDC's COVID Data Tracker.

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccination Demographic Data

CDC's COVID Data Tracker provides COVID-19 vaccination data in the United States, including Demographic Characteristics of People Receiving COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States.

SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, have been reported in many countries around the world. Learn more about the current variants of concern.

Why climate change is driving some to skip having kids

A new study finds that overconsumption, overpopulation and uncertainty about the future are among the top concerns of those who say climate change is affecting their reproductive decision-making.

Mice master complex thinking with a remarkable capacity for abstraction

Categorization is the brain's tool to organize nearly everything we encounter in our daily lives. Grouping information into categories simplifies our complex world and helps us to react quickly and effectively to new experiences. Scientists have now shown that also mice categorize surprisingly well. The researchers identified neurons encoding learned categories and thereby demonstrated how abstract information is represented at the neuronal level.

Wildfire smoke linked to skin disease

Wildfire smoke can trigger a host of respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms, ranging from runny nose and cough to a potentially life-threatening heart attack or stroke. A new study suggests that the dangers posed by wildfire smoke may also extend to the largest organ in the human body, and our first line of defense against outside threat: the skin.

Improved management of farmed peatlands could cut 500 million tons CO2

Substantial cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions could be achieved by raising water levels in agricultural peatlands, according to a new study in the journal Nature. A team of researchers led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology estimates halving drainage depths in these areas could cut emissions by around 500 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year, which equates to 1 per cent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities.

What You Need to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines

Facts about COVID-19 vaccines for American Indian and Native Alaskan tribal communities.

Bypassing broken genes

A new approach to gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system bypasses disease-causing mutations in a gene, enabling treatment of genetic diseases linked to a single gene, such as cystic fibrosis, certain types of sickle cell anemia, and other rare diseases. The method involves inserting a new, fully functional copy of the gene that displaces the mutated gene.

Illuminating invisible bloody fingerprints with a fluorescent polymer

Careful criminals usually clean a scene, wiping away visible blood and fingerprints. However, prints made with trace amounts of blood, invisible to the naked eye, could remain. Dyes can detect these hidden prints, but the dyes don't work well on certain surfaces. Now, researchers have developed a fluorescent polymer that binds to blood in a fingerprint -- without damaging any DNA also on the surface -- to create high-contrast images.

COVID-19 Vaccines May Make You Feel Sick

COVID-19 Vaccines May Make You Feel Sick

SARS-CoV-2: Infection induces antibodies capable of killing infected cells regardless of disease severity

Researchers demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces polyfunctional antibodies. Beyond neutralization, these antibodies can activate NK cells or the complement system, leading to the destruction of infected cells. Polyfunctional antibodies were found in all individuals (symptomatic and asymptomatic). These findings show that infection induces antibodies capable of killing infected cells regardless of the severity of the disease.

Prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms among high-risk children

Children with weakened immune systems have not shown a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection despite commonly displaying symptoms, a new study suggests.

How SARS coronaviruses reprogram host cells to their own benefit

Researchers have found a specific mechanism that enables SARS viruses to replicate efficiently in infected cells.

What You Should Know About the Possibility of COVID-19 Illness After Vaccination

COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. However, some people who are fully vaccinated will still get COVID-19 if they are exposed to the virus that causes it.

People with Disabilities and COVID-19

People with Disabilities and COVID-19

Contact Tracing Resources for Health Departments

CDC general principles for COVID and what CDC is doing to support contact tracing.

Previous COVID-19 Forecasts: Cases

Forecasts show national and state level cumulative reported and predicted deaths since the beginning of the pandemic. CDC is working with partners to bring together weekly COVID-19 forecasts in one place.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Cases

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new cases.

Previous COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

COVID-19 Questions and Answers: For People Who Use Drugs or Have Substance Use Disorder

People who use drugs or have substance use disorder and medical professionals can find information about drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Frequently Asked Questions about v-safe

Get help using v-safe, the health checker for COVID-19 vaccinations.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Deaths

CDC works with partners to bring together weekly forecasts for COVID-19 deaths in one place. These forecasts have been developed independently and shared publicly. It is important to bring these forecasts together to help understand how they compare with each other and how much uncertainty there is about what may happen in the upcoming four weeks.

Previous Forecasts of Total Deaths

Forecasts show national and state level cumulative reported and predicted deaths since the beginning of the pandemic.

Health Equity Considerations and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups

Systemic health and social inequities have put people from racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk from COVID-19. Take steps to reduce health disparities.

Toolkit for H-2A Employers, Partner Agencies, and Partner Organizations

Learn what agriculture employers, partner agencies, and partner organizations need to know during COVID-19.​

Disrupted sleep is linked to increased risk of early death, particularly in women

For the first time, a study has shown a clear link between the frequency and duration of unconscious wakefulness during night-time sleep and an increased risk of dying from diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and death from any cause, particularly in women.

Designing healthy diets with computer analysis

A new mathematical model for the interaction of bacteria in the gut could help design new probiotics and specially tailored diets to prevent diseases.

Drug development platform could provide flexible, rapid and targeted antimicrobials

Researchers have created a platform that can develop effective and highly specific peptide nucleic acid therapies for use against any bacteria within just one week. The work could change the way we respond to pandemics and how we approach increasing cases of antibiotic resistance globally.

Study reveals roadmap of muscle decline with age

Scientists have produced a comprehensive roadmap of muscle aging in mice that could be used to find treatments that prevent decline in muscle mobility and function.

Overgrowth of gut yeast in newborns may increase asthma risk

An overgrowth of yeast in the gut within the first few months of life may cause changes to the immune system that increase the risk of asthma later on, shows a new study.

Our attention is captured by eye-glance

Researchers looked at the way we process human gaze, focusing on the estimation of the temporal duration of social interactions. They discovered that when we make eye contact with another person, our attention is solicited, causing a distortion in our temporal perception: time seems shorter than it really is. These results will make it possible to develop a diagnostic tool to evaluate the mechanisms at work in people who are sensitive to social gaze.

Considerations for Election Polling Locations and Voters

Recommended Precautions for Preventing Spread of COVID-19 in Election Polling Locations

Selected Adverse Events Reported after COVID-19 Vaccination

COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines, and these vaccines will undergo the most intensive safety monitoring in U.S. history. CDC recommends you get a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as you are eligible. Adverse events described on this page have been reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

v-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry

V-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry

Differing immune responses discovered in asymptomatic cases vs those with severe COVID-19

Using data from the Human Cell Atlas, researchers have identified the differences in immune cells' response in those who had no symptoms compared to severe symptoms.

SARS-CoV-2: British variant is 45 percent more contagious than the original virus, study finds

Researchers compared the R (basic reproduction number) of the original SARS-CoV-2 virus with the R of the British variant, and found that the British variant is almost 1.5 times more infectious.

Know Your Travel Risk

Some travel activities, like staying at guest lodgings, can increase your risk of getting COVID-19. Your chances of exposure are higher if you come into close contact with others, especially people you don't know, or use shared public facilities.

Considerations for Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities

Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities

Updated advice for safe COVID-19 vaccination in people with high-risk allergy histories

Experts have narrowed the group of individuals with prior allergies who should see an allergist before receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.

Novel drug regenerates erectile nerves damaged by prostate surgery

Researchers have developed a topical drug that regenerates and restores the function of erectile nerves damaged by radical prostatectomy, the most common treatment for localized prostate cancer. The drug was tested in rats.

Epidural use at birth not linked to autism risk, study finds

Refuting an earlier study, researchers found that epidural anesthesia, commonly administered for pain relief during labor, does not increase the risk for autism in children.

Supplement treats schizophrenia in mice, restores healthy 'dance' and structure of neurons

A simple dietary supplement reduces behavioral symptoms in mice with a genetic mutation that causes schizophrenia. After additional experiments, including visualizing the fluorescently stained dancing edge of immature brain cells, researchers concluded that the supplement likely protects proteins that build neurons' cellular skeletons.

Cool and COVID-safe: How radiant cooling could keep our cities comfortable and healthy

A novel system of chilled panels that can replace air conditioning can also help reduce the risk of indoor disease transmission, new analysis suggests.

Individualized training is key for autistic adolescents learning to drive

A new study identified clear strengths and a series of specific challenges autistic adolescents experience while learning to drive.

Flushing a public toilet? Don't linger, because aerosolized droplets do

Because COVID-19 has been detected in urine and stool samples, public restrooms can be cause for concern. Researchers measured droplets generated from flushing a toilet and a urinal in a public restroom and found a substantial increase in the measured aerosol levels in the ambient environment with the total number of droplets generated in each flushing test ranging up to the tens of thousands. Due to their small size, these droplets can remain suspended for a long time.

Multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics, vitamin D may lessen risk of positive COVID-19 test

Taking multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics or vitamin D supplements may lessen the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 infection -- at least among women, indicates a large population study.

Cellular impact of 'Heat not Burn' products may be no less harmful than cigarettes

The impact on lung cells of 'Heat not Burn' products -- a hybrid between traditional cigarettes and electronic vaping devices -- may be no less harmful than that of conventional cigarettes, suggest the findings of a small comparative study.

Clinical Care Guidance for Healthcare Professionals about Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Find links to resources for clinicians caring for patients with a suspected or confirmed infection caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

How To Talk To Your Close Contacts

Recommended key concepts and guidance about COVID-19 contact tracing for health departments and public health workers.

B cell activating factor possible key to hemophilia immune tolerance

A group of scientists have just made a key discovery that could prevent and eradicate immune responses that lead to treatment failure in about one-third of people with severe hemophilia A.

Tiny implantable tool for light-sheet imaging of brain activity

Tools for optical imaging of brain activity in freely moving animals have considerable potential for expanding the scientific understanding of the brain. However, existing technologies for imaging brain activity with light have challenges. An international team of scientists has now developed an implantable probe for light-sheet imaging of the brain.

What does the study of domesticated birds tell us about the evolution of human language?

Language is one of the most notable abilities humans have. It allows us to express complex meanings and transmit knowledge from generation to generation. An important question in human biology is how this ability ended up being developed.

Defects in a specific cell type may cause ulcerative colitis

There are many variants of 'goblet cells' in the intestines and they seem to have different functions, according to a new study. The study indicates that defects in goblet cells of a particular type may be a factor contributing to ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease.

Considerations for Casinos and Gaming Operations

As some casinos and gaming operations resume in some areas of the United States, CDC offers the following considerations for ways in which casino and gaming operators can help protect staff and customers and slow the spread of COVID-19.

Publications about COVID-19 for Laboratories

Publications from CDC lab professionals during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak.

Manufacturing Workers and Employers

Learn what manufacturing workers and employers need to know during COVID-19.

Pandemic eviction bans found to protect entire communities from COVID-19 spread

A new study uses computer modeling to suggest that eviction bans authorized during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the infection rate and not only protected those who would have lost their housing but also entire communities from the spread of infections.

Study shows education is not enough to overcome inequality

A recent study finds that social inequality persists, regardless of educational achievement - particularly for men.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase risk of high blood pressure

Transgender and gender-diverse people have higher rates of hypertension compared to the general population. Within two to four months of starting gender-affirming hormone therapy, transgender women had a lower average systolic blood pressure, and transgender men had a higher average systolic blood pressure.

Videoconferences more exhausting when participants don't feel group belonging

Videoconferences may be less exhausting if participants feel some sense of group belonging, according to new research.

COVID-19 Travel Recommendations by Country

Search COVID-19 risk assessment by country larger map

Cleaning and Disinfecting

Guidance for cleaning and disinfecting a public space, facility, or business to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

What School Nutrition Professionals and Volunteers at Schools Need to Know about COVID-19

Learn what school nutrition professionals and volunteers need to know during COVID-19.

How to make online arguments productive

Researchers worked with almost 260 people to understand online disagreements and to develop potential design interventions that could make these discussions more productive and centered around relationship-building.

Guidance for Wearing Masks

CDC's considerations for wearing masks.

Types of Masks

Masks help stop the spread of COVID-19 to others. Find out how to wear, clean, and make masks.

How COVID-19 Vaccines Get to You

Vaccine manufacturers; the federal government; state, local, and territorial jurisdictions; and other partners are working to make sure safe and effective vaccines are getting to you as quickly as possible. This page will help you understand the key steps in this important process and how CDC is tracking vaccine distribution, delivery, and administration throughout the United States.

When Vaccine is Limited, Who Gets Vaccinated First?

Because the supply of COVID-19 vaccine in the United States is expected to be limited at first, CDC recommends that initial supplies of COVID-19 vaccine be allocated to healthcare personnel and long-term care facility residents. CDC made this recommendation on December 3, 2020, and based it on recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), an independent panel of medical and public health experts.

What Older Adults Need to Know about COVID-19 Vaccines

The risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases with age, which is why the CDC recommends older adults receive COVID-19 vaccines.

COVID-19 Vaccines for People at Increased Risk for Severe Illness from COVID-19

Adults of any age with certain underlying medical conditions are at increased risk for severe illness from the virus that causes COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for and can be administered to most people with underlying medical conditions.

Vaccination Considerations for Persons with Disabilities

This webpage provides information for people with disabilities or conditions that may increase their risk of getting and spreading COVID-19, and for their care providers.

Importance of COVID-19 Vaccination for Essential Workers

The CDC recommends essential workers be included among those offered the first supply of COVID-19 vaccines.

The Importance of COVID-19 Vaccination for Healthcare Personnel

Based on recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), an independent panel of medical and public health experts, CDC recommends healthcare personnel be among those offered the first doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare personnel include all paid and unpaid persons serving in healthcare settings who have the potential for direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious materials.

COVID-19 Vaccine Information for Specific Groups

Although the vaccine supply is currently limited, CDC is working toward making vaccines widely available for everyone at no cost. Learn more about your state's plan.

Uncovering the secret of the hunger switch in the brain

Researchers have revealed the mechanism of action of the master switch for hunger in the brain: the melanocortin receptor 4, or MC4 receptor for short. They have also clarified how this switch is activated by setmelanotide (Imcivree), a drug recently approved for the treatment of severe obesity caused by certain genetic changes.

Novel genetic mitochondrial disorder discovered

A team of Japanese and European scientists identify a novel genetic mitochondrial disorder by analyzing DNA samples from three distinct families.

Impacts of coronavirus lockdowns: New study collects data on pollutants in the atmosphere

One consequence of the coronavirus pandemic has been global restrictions on mobility. This, in turn, has had an effect on pollution levels in the atmosphere. Researchers from across the world are using this unique opportunity to take measurements, collect data, and publish studies. An international team has now published a comprehensive review providing an overview of results up to September 2020.

Neural plasticity depends on this long noncoding RNA's journey from nucleus to synapse

A synaptically localized long noncoding RNA proves to be an important regulator of neural plasticity.

Study reveals how some antibodies can broadly neutralize ebolaviruses

Some survivors of ebolavirus outbreaks make antibodies that can broadly neutralize these viruses -- and now, scientists have illuminated how these antibodies can disable the viruses so effectively. The insights may be helpful for developing effective therapies.

Heart health of shift workers linked to body clock

Working hours that deviate from an individual's natural body clock are associated with greater cardiovascular risk, according to recent research.

Can financial stress lead to physical pain in later years?

Financial stress can have an immediate impact on well-being, but can it lead to physical pain nearly 30 years later? The answer is yes, according to new research.

Genetic ancestry versus race can provide specific, targeted insights to predict and treat many diseases

The complex patterns of genetic ancestry uncovered from genomic data in health care systems can provide valuable insights into both genetic and environmental factors underlying many common and rare diseases -- insights that are far more targeted and specific than those derived from traditional ethnic or racial labels like Hispanic or Black, according to researchers.

Treatment not always needed to prevent vision loss in patients with elevated eye pressure

The national Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study was designed to determine whether lowering elevated eye pressure in patients might prevent vision loss from glaucoma. Researchers recently completed follow-up studies on patients 20 years after the start of the original study and found that not all patients with elevated eye pressure need pressure-lowering treatment to prevent vision loss from glaucoma.

New benefits from anti-diabetic drug metformin

Researchers have found that the anti-diabetic drug metformin significantly prolongs the survival of mice in a model that simulates the pathology of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) by ameliorating pathological conditions like reduced kidney function, glomerular damage, inflammation and fibrosis. Metformin's mechanism is different from existing therapeutics which only treat symptoms, such as the blood pressure drug losartan, so researchers believe that a combination these medications at low dose will be highly beneficial.

New type of cell contributes to increased understanding of ALS

The causes of the serious muscle disease ALS still remain unknown. Now, researchers have examined a type of cell in the brain blood vessels that could explain the unpredictable disease origins and dynamics. The results indicate a hitherto unknown connection between the nervous and vascular systems. The study has potential implications for earlier diagnoses and future treatments.

Physicists develop theoretical model for neural activity of mouse brain

The dynamics of the neural activity of a mouse brain behave in a peculiar, unexpected way that can be theoretically modeled without any fine tuning, suggests a new paper by physicists.

In surprising twist, some Alzheimer's plaques may be protective, not destructive

One of the characteristic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the buildup of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain. Most therapies designed to treat AD target these plaques, but they've largely failed in clinical trials. New research upends conventional views of the origin of one prevalent type of plaque, indicating a reason why treatments have been unsuccessful.

At-Home Testing

Learn more about how at-home testing and collection allow you to collect a specimen at home and either send it to a testing facility or perform the test at home.

Personal and Social Activities

Venturing Out? Be Prepared and Stay Safe

Estrogen status - not sex - protects against heightened fear recall

A new study shows that markers of fear recall differ between men and women, but in a hormone-dependent manner.

A more complete account

Even the mention of parasites can be enough to make some people's skin crawl. But to recent UC Santa Barbara doctoral graduate Dana Morton these creepy critters occupy important ecological niches, fulfilling roles that, in her opinion, have too often been overlooked.

New 'time machine' technique to measure cells

Using a new single-cell technique, researchers have uncovered a way to understand the programming behind how stem cells make particular cell types. The research uncovered new genes that program stem cells to make the dendritic cells that kick-start the immune response. By uncovering this process, the researchers hope they will be able to find new immunotherapy treatments for cancer, and plan to expand this technique in other areas such as discovering new drug targets.

Objective analysis of stress in the classroom

Is it the difficulty of a task that determines whether or not students are stressed when working on it? Biologists working in biology didactics set out to find out the answers; to this end, the team used questionnaires and measured the heart rate in 209 test participants.

Keeping fit with HIIT really does work

Recently, researchers have been studying whether shorter variations of HIIT, involving as little as 4-min of high intensity exercise per session (excluding a warm up and cool down), also improve health. A new review paper collates a decade's worth of research on the topic of this so-called low-volume high HIIT for health.

An ion pump to deliver chemotherapy agents to the brain

Despite surgery and subsequent treatment with chemotherapy and radiation, the majority of patients experience recurrence of malignant brain tumors. Researchers have shown in cells in culture that an ion pump can deliver drugs more accurately, which gives less severe adverse effects in chemotherapy.

Want to be robust at 40-plus? Meeting minimum exercise guidelines won't cut it

Young adults must step up their exercise routines to reduce their chances of developing high blood pressure or hypertension - a condition that may lead to heart attack and stroke, as well as dementia in later life.

Coronavirus does not infect the brain but still inflicts damage, study finds

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, does not infect brain cells but can inflict significant neurological damage, according to a new study of dozens of deceased patients.

Highly dense urban areas are not more vulnerable to COVID-19, researchers say

A person who owns a car or who has a college education may be less vulnerable to COVID-19, according to an analysis of cases in Tehran, Iran, one of the early epicenters of the pandemic. While such variables do not inherently lower a person's risk, they do indicate an infrastructure of protection that persists despite how densely populated a person's district might be.

Simulations reveal how dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain binds to host, succumbs to antibodies

The dominant G-form spike protein 'puts its head up' more frequently to latch on to receptors, but that makes it more vulnerable to neutralization.

Experimental antiviral for COVID-19 effective in hamster study

The experimental antiviral drug MK-4482 significantly decreased levels of virus and disease damage in the lungs of hamsters treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to a new study. MK-4482, delivered orally, is now in human clinical trials.

With impressive accuracy, dogs can sniff out coronavirus

In a proof-of-concept study, dogs identified positive samples with 96 percent accuracy.

Virologists develop broadly protective coronavirus vaccines

A candidate vaccine that could provide protection against the COVID-19 virus and other coronaviruses has shown promising results in early animal testing.

Research shows to disrupt online extremism freewill is key

According to new research, when people are explicitly told that they are free to accept or reject propagandistic claims, the likelihood of choosing a moderate view increases. This was a result of a survey of attitudes that tested counter-propaganda strategies, which stressed a person's autonomy, and then measured sentiments after exposure.

Mediterranean diet with lean beef may lower risk factors for heart disease

In a randomized controlled study, researchers found that a Mediterranean diet combined with small portions of lean beef helped lower risk factors for developing heart disease, such as LDL cholesterol.

New discovery could lead to therapies for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A new study reveals how chronic inflammation promotes muscle fibrosis, which could inform the development of new therapies for patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal muscle disease.

Brain regions responsible for intoxicating effects of alcohol

The slurred speech, poor coordination, and sedative effects of drinking too much alcohol may actually be caused by the breakdown of alcohol products produced in the brain, not in the liver as scientists currently think.

Cleaning, Disinfection, and Hand Hygiene in Schools - a Toolkit for School Administrators

Cleaning, Disinfection, and Hand Hygiene in Schools

Information about the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Name: BNT162b2Manufacturer: Pfizer, Inc., and BioNTechType of vaccine: mRNANumber of shots: 2 shots, 21 days apartHow given: Shot in the muscle of the upper arm

New study explains why you should look at your food before casting judgment

The order in which your senses interact with food has a tremendous impact on how much you like it. That's the premise of a new study. Food tastes better if you see it before smelling it.

New method of artificially creating genetic switches for yeast

A group of researchers has successfully developed a flexible and simple method of artificially producing genetic switches for yeast, a model eukaryotic organism. Genetic switches are necessary in order to artificially generate new functions in an organism. The researchers established a platform for creating genetic switches that could be applied to the development of sophisticated, artificially controlled yeast cells to produce large quantities of valuable compounds.

Telling sunbathers what they don't want to hear: Tanning is bad

Most young women already know that tanning is dangerous and sunbathe anyway, so a campaign informing them of the risk should take into account their potential resistance to the message, according to a new study.

Plasma device designed for consumers can quickly disinfect surfaces

Plasma-based disinfectant and sanitizer proves 99% effective at killing bacteria and now is being tested on deactivating virus.

Protein found to control drivers of normal growth and cancer

Researchers have found a long-sought enzyme that prevents cancer by enabling the breakdown of proteins that drive cell growth, and that causes cancer when disabled.

Shape-shifting Ebola virus protein exploits human RNA to change shape

A new study shows how one of Ebola virus's key proteins, VP40, uses molecular triggers in the human cell to transform itself into different tools for different jobs.

COVID-19 Vaccination Toolkit for Health Departments and other Public Health Partners

The CDC has designed a toolkit to help community-based organizations (CBOs) educate communities about new COVID-19 vaccines.

Norovirus clusters are resistant to environmental stresses and UV disinfection

Clusters of a virus known to cause stomach flu are resistant to detergent and ultraviolet disinfection, according to new research. The findings suggest the need to revisit current disinfection, sanitation and hygiene practices aimed at protecting people from noroviruses.

Triangular-shaped spikes key to coronavirus transmission, finds new study

Scientists have modeled the spikes of the coronavirus particle to unravel how their shape and number may influence the transmissibility of the virus.

Patients who are overweight or obese at risk of more severe COVID-19, study finds

Patients who are overweight or obese have more severe COVID-19 and are highly likely to require invasive respiratory support, according to a new international study.

Two distinct types of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome identified

Identifying subsets of patients with different biochemical characteristics can help clinical researchers develop more effective therapies for treating ARDS associated with COVID-19 infections. Results of a new study suggest that disruption of the normal regulation of blood vessels and circulation could be a key feature of critical illness, severe symptoms, and death related to COVID-19 infections.

Study strengthens links between red meat and heart disease

An observational study in nearly 20,000 individuals has found that greater intake of red and processed meat is associated with worse heart function.

New measure to predict stress resilience

Researchers show that increased sensitivity in a specific region of the brain contributes to the development of anxiety and depression in response to real-life stress. Their study establishes an objective neurobiological measure for stress resilience in humans.

Long-term weight retention and associated health risks identified in obese adults

UK adults who are overweight or obese retain their weight over time, which is associated with an increased risk of health complications and death, according to a new study.

How to gain a sense of well-being, free and online

In 2018, when Professor Laurie Santos introduced her course 'Psychology and the Good Life,' a class on the science of happiness, it became the most popular in the history of Yale, attracting more than 1,200 undergraduate enrollees that first semester. An online course based on those teachings became a global phenomenon. By latest count, 3.38 million people have enrolled to take the free Coursera.org course, called 'The Science of Well Being.'

Reliable COVID-19 short-term forecasting

Researchers have developed a new model for making short-term projections of daily COVID-19 cases that is accurate, reliable and easily used by public health officials and other organizations.

How we can reduce food waste and promote healthy eating

Food waste and obesity are major problems in developed countries. They are both caused by an overabundance of food, but strategies to reduce one can inadvertently increase the other. A broader perspective can help identify ways to limit food waste while also promoting healthy nutrition, researchers suggest.

The architect of genome folding

The DNA molecule is not naked in the nucleus. Instead, it is folded in a very organized way by the help of different proteins to establish a unique spatial organization of the genetic information. This 3D spatial genome organization is fundamental for the regulation of our genes and has to be established de novo by each individual during early embryogenesis. Researchers now reveal a yet unknown and critical role of the protein HP1a in the 3D genome re-organization after fertilization. The study identifies HP1a as an epigenetic regulator that is involved in establishing the global structure of the genome in the early Drosophila embryo.

Scientists generate human-monkey chimeric embryos

Investigators have injected human stem cells into primate embryos and were able to grow chimeric embryos for a significant period of time -- up to 20 days. The research, despite its ethical concerns, has the potential to provide new insights into developmental biology and evolution. It also has implications for developing new models of human biology and disease.

Those who had COVID-19 may only need one vaccine dose, study suggests

Those recovered from COVID-19 had a robust antibody response after the first mRNA vaccine dose, but little immune benefit after the second dose, according to new research. The findings suggest only a single vaccine dose may be needed to produce a sufficient antibody response. Those who did not have COVID-19 did not have a full immune response until after receiving their second vaccine, reinforcing the importance of the two recommended doses.

A neuromagnetic view through the skull

The brain processes information using both slow and fast currents. Until now, researchers had to use electrodes placed inside the brain in order to measure the latter. Researchers have now successfully visualized these fast brain signals from the outside -- and found a surprising degree of variability.

One year of SARS-CoV-2 evolution

Researchers have published an in-depth look at the SARS-CoV-2 mutations that have taken place during the past year. The review discusses the findings of over 180 research articles and follows the changes that have taken place in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, and the variants that have occurred as a result.

Lipid research may help solve COVID-19 vaccine challenges

New research could help solve a major challenge in the deployment of certain COVID-19 vaccines worldwide -- the need for the vaccines to be kept at below-freezing temperatures during transport and storage. Researchers demonstrate a new, inexpensive technique that generates crystalline exoskeletons around delicate liposomes and other lipid nanoparticles and stabilizes them at room temperature.

Efforts to stop spread of COVID-19 should focus on preventing airborne transmission, experts say

Any future attempts to reduce the spread of COVID-19 should be focused on tackling close airborne transmission of the virus which is considered to be the primary route for its circulation, say experts in a new editorial.

There is no 'one size fits all' approach to treat severe asthma

Despite a similar clinical presentation, people with severe asthma have strikingly distinct immune profiles, research shows. These findings can be used to develop new therapeutics and enhance precision medicine approaches to treating these patients.

Safety Precautions When Using Electrostatic Sprayers, Foggers, Misters, or Vaporizers for Surface Disinfection During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Carefully select cleaners and disinfectants and application methods for use in facilities, businesses, and public indoor spaces to ensure that you can clean and disinfect safely and effectively.

Good dental health may help prevent heart infection from mouth bacteria

Good oral hygiene and regular dental care are the most important ways to reduce risk of a heart infection called infective endocarditis caused by bacteria in the mouth. There are four categories of heart patients considered to be at highest risk for adverse outcomes from infective endocarditis, and only these patients are recommended to receive preventive antibiotic treatment prior to invasive dental procedures.

Self-assembling nanofibers prevent damage from inflammation

Biomedical engineers have developed a self-assembling nanomaterial that can help limit damage caused by inflammatory diseases by activating key cells in the immune system. In mouse models of psoriasis, the team showed that their nanofiber-based drug could effectively mitigate damaging inflammation as effectively as a gold-standard therapy.

Stretching the boundaries of medical tech with wearable antennae

Current research on flexible electronics is paving the way for wireless sensors that can be worn on the body and collect a variety of medical data. But where do the data go? Without a similar flexible transmitting device, these sensors would require wired connections to transmit health data.

Tiny wireless implant detects oxygen deep within the body

Engineers have created a tiny wireless implant that can provide real-time measurements of tissue oxygen levels deep underneath the skin. The device, which is smaller than the average ladybug and powered by ultrasound waves, could help doctors monitor the health of transplanted organs or tissue and provide an early warning of potential transplant failure.

Get your head in the game -- One gene's role in cranial development

Researchers have found that certain cells in mouse craniums respond to increased expression of a gene called Dlx5 during early stages of embryonic development. They observed that a layer of these cells formed more bone and cartilage in mice engineered with high Dlx5 levels. Their interesting results provide crucial information for the mechanistic role of this gene in cell fate during cranial development.

Innovative technique developed to destroy cancerous kidney cells

An innovative new technique that encourages cancer cells in the kidneys to self-destruct could revolutionize the treatment of the disease.

Mindfulness can make you selfish

A new article demonstrates the surprising downsides of mindfulness, while offering easy ways to minimize those consequences -- both of which have practical implications for mindfulness training.

Lower COVID-19 rates seen in U.S. states with higher adherence to mask wearing

A new state-by-state analysis shows a statistical association between high adherence to mask wearing and reduced rates of COVID-19 in the United States.

Toxic gas in rat brains shows potential for new dementia treatments

A potential treatment for dementia and epilepsy could look to reduce the amounts of a toxic gas in the brain has been revealed in a new study using rat brain cells.

Most differences in DNA binding compounds found at birth in children conceived by IVF not seen in early childhood

Compared to newborns conceived traditionally, newborns conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) are more likely to have certain chemical modifications to their DNA, according to a new study. The changes involve DNA methylation -- the binding of compounds known as methyl groups to DNA -- which can alter gene activity. Only one of the modifications was seen by the time the children were 9 years old.

Dietary cocoa improves health of obese mice; likely has implications for humans

Supplementation of cocoa powder in the diet of high-fat-fed mice with liver disease markedly reduced the severity of their condition, according to a new study. The researchers suggest the results have implications for people.

Genetic admixture in the South Pacific: From Denisovans to the human immune response

Scientists have looked at understudied human populations from the South Pacific, which are severely affected by a variety of diseases, including vector-borne infectious diseases such as Zika virus, dengue, and chikungunya, and metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Using genome sequencing of 320 individuals, the scientists have investigated how human populations have biologically adapted to the environments of the Pacific islands and how this has affected their current state of health.

The chillest ape: How humans evolved a super-high cooling capacity

Researchers have discovered how a uniquely high density of sweat glands evolved in the human genome. Researchers showed that the higher density of sweat glands in humans is due mostly to accumulated changes in a regulatory region of DNA -- called an enhancer region -- that drives the expression of a sweat gland-building gene, explaining why humans are the sweatiest of the Great Apes.

Suppression of COVID-19 waves reflects time-dependent social activity, not herd immunity

Scientists developed a model showing that a fragile, temporary state of immunity emerged during the early epidemic but got destroyed as people changed their social behaviors over time, leading to future waves of infection.

ER visits for suicidal behavior declined during the first 8 months of pandemic, Michigan study finds

While people may expect suicide rates to rise during a worldwide crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, a new study suggests the onset of the pandemic and state of emergency executive orders likely did not increase suicide-related behavior in the early months of the outbreak. The report found that emergency room visits related to suicide attempt and self-harm decreased by 40 percent during the first eight months of Michigan's lockdown.

Air pollution may affect severity and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients

Patients who have preexisting respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and live in areas with high levels of air pollution have a greater chance of hospitalization if they contract COVID-19, according to new research.

Physical inactivity linked to more severe COVID-19 infection and death

Physical inactivity is linked to more severe COVID-19 infection and a heightened risk of dying from the disease, finds a large U.S. study.

Recommendation to Pause Use of Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine

CDC recommends pausing use of the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine following a rare and severe type of blood clot in 6 people who received the vaccine. (147 characters)

Health Equity

Systemic health and social inequities have put people from racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk from COVID-19. Take steps to reduce health disparities.

A mother's fat intake can impact infant infectious disease outcomes

A team of researchers has determined that the type of fats a mother consumes while breastfeeding can have long-term implications on her infant's gut health. Their study suggests that the type of fat consumed during breastfeeding could differentially impact an infant's intestinal microbial communities, immune development and disease risk.

Scientists identify severe asthma species, show air pollutant as likely contributor

An epidemiological study has shown that not only is non-Th2 a distinct asthma disease, its likely inducer is early childhood exposure to airborne Benzo[a]pyrene, a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion.

Previous COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

Previous Forecasts of Total Deaths

Forecasts show national and state level cumulative reported and predicted deaths since the beginning of the pandemic.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Deaths

CDC works with partners to bring together weekly forecasts for COVID-19 deaths in one place. These forecasts have been developed independently and shared publicly. It is important to bring these forecasts together to help understand how they compare with each other and how much uncertainty there is about what may happen in the upcoming four weeks.

COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

Different COVID-19 Vaccines

Overview of what you should know about the different COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccine types and how they work to provide protection against COVID-19, which vaccines have been authorized and recommended in the United States, and which are in Phase 3 clinical trials.

Powered prosthetic ankles can restore a wide range of functions for amputees

A recent case study demonstrates that, with training, neural control of a powered prosthetic ankle can restore a wide range of abilities, including standing on very challenging surfaces and squatting. The researchers are currently working with a larger group of study participants to see how broadly applicable the findings may be.

People may trust computers more than humans

Despite increasing concern over the intrusion of algorithms in daily life, people may be more willing to trust a computer program than their fellow humans, especially if a task becomes too challenging, according to new research from data scientists.

Study suggests new advice for medics treating high blood pressure

Researchers found no evidence that diastolic blood pressure - the bottom reading on a test - can be harmful to patients when reduced to levels that were previously considered to be too low.

Practicing 'mindfulness' in summer camp benefits campers and counselors alike

A project shows how implementing an evidence-based mindfulness program in a summer camp setting decreases emotional distress in school age children and empowers campers and counselors alike - enhancing camper-counselor relationships. Mindfulness - a state of consciousness that fosters awareness - has the potential to help regulate emotions and behaviors. Mindful breathing, mindful bodies, and mindful listening assisted in bringing awareness to campers in the program and provided skills to address stressful experiences.

Using emotion and humor to combat science misinformation

An expert examines why it's so difficult to detect science misinformation and suggests that using humor may help combat the issue.

Vaccines for COVID-19

Learn about COVID-19 vaccine planning, how vaccine recommendations will be made, and the work going into ensuring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

v-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry

V-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry

Importance of COVID-19 Vaccination for Residents of Long-term Care Facilities

Vaccinating LTCF residents will save lives. Making sure LTCF residents can receive COVID-19 vaccination as soon as vaccines are available will help save the lives of those who are most at risk of dying from COVID-19. According to ACIP's recommendations, long-term care facility residents include adults who reside in facilities that provide a range of services, including medical and personal care, to persons who are unable to live independently. The communal nature of LTCFs and the population served (generally older adults often with underlying medical conditions) puts facility residents at increased risk of infection and severe illness from COVID-19

Basketball Mathematics scores big at inspiring kids to learn

New study with 756 1st through 5th graders demonstrates that a six-week mashup of hoops and math has a positive effect on their desire to learn more, provides them with an experience of increased self-determination and grows math confidence among youth.

Study links structural brain changes to behavioral problems in children who snore

A large study of children has uncovered evidence that behavioral problems in children who snore may be associated with changes in the structure of their brain's frontal lobe. The findings support early evaluation of children with habitual snoring (snoring three or more nights a week).

COVID-19 pandemic may have increased mental health issues within families

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in early 2020, many families found themselves suddenly isolated together at home. A year later, new research has linked this period with a variety of large, detrimental effects on individuals' and families' well-being and functioning.

U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Program: Vaccine Channel Portfolio by Jurisdiction

This report provides an overview of the multiple channels being used to ensure all Americans have access to COVID-19 vaccine. Jurisdictional delivery and administration portfolios vary across the United States because of population variability.

Study reveals cancer immunotherapy patients at most risk of life-threatening side effects

Immune checkpoint inhibitors boost a patient's immune response against cancer cells, but they can cause potentially life-threatening side effects in some individuals. New research may help clinicians determine which patients are most at risk.

Study reveals crucial details on skin-related side effects of cancer immune therapies

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are life-saving therapies against advanced cancer, but they can cause side effects, most commonly involving the skin. New research provides insights on the extent of these side effects, when they tend to arise, and which patients may be most at risk of experiencing them.

Study showing how the brain retrieves facts and may help people with memory problems

A shared set of systems in the brain may play an important role in controlling the retrieval of facts and personal memories utilized in everyday life, new research shows. Scientists say their findings may have relevance to memory disorders, including dementia, where problems remembering relevant information can impact on the daily life of patients.

165 new cancer genes identified with the help of machine learning

A new algorithm can predict which genes cause cancer, even if their DNA sequence is not changed. A team of researchers combined a wide variety of data, analyzed it with 'Artificial Intelligence' and identified numerous cancer genes. This opens up new perspectives for targeted cancer therapy in personalized medicine and for the development of biomarkers.

Stress does not lead to loss of self-control in eating disorders

A unique residential study has concluded that, contrary to perceived wisdom, people with eating disorders do not lose self-control - leading to binge-eating - in response to stress.

People want to improve mental health by exercising, but stress and anxiety get in the way

New research suggests the pandemic has created a paradox where mental health has become both a motivator for and a barrier to physical activity.

Personalized cancer vaccine deemed safe, shows potential benefit against cancer

A personalized cancer vaccine raised no safety concerns and showed potential benefit in patients with different cancers, including lung and bladder, that have a high risk of recurrence, according to results from an investigator-initiated phase I clinical trial.

New biosealant can stabilize cartilage, promote healing after injury

Researchers showed that a new hyaluronic acid hydrogel system can reinforce and seal areas of injured cartilage in animal studies, paving the way for future fixes and healing.

Upper-Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)

Ventilation interventions, like upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) can help reduce the number of infectious viral particles (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) in the air.

Why some of us are hungry all the time

New research shows that people who experience big dips in blood sugar levels, several hours after eating, end up feeling hungrier and consuming hundreds more calories during the day than others.

Percent of Delivered First Vaccine Doses Administered by U.S. States and Territories

States and jurisdictions assess their efforts at vaccinating their community and monitor the percentage of the vaccine supply delivered that has been administered.

Prehistoric Pacific Coast diets had salmon limits

Humans cannot live on protein alone - even for the ancient indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest whose diet was once thought to be almost all salmon. Anthropologists argue such a protein-heavy diet would be unsustainable and document the many dietary solutions ancient Pacific Coast people in North America likely employed to avoid 'salmon starvation,' a toxic and potentially fatal condition brought on by eating too much lean protein.

A tummy invader: This bacterial molecule may be key to fighting stomach cancer

Researchers found that H. pylori bacterial strains with low expression of a small RNA molecule called HPnc4160 are more likely to adapt to living in the human stomach. Gastric cancer patients have lower levels of HPnc4160, as well as higher levels of pathogenic bacterial proteins, than individuals without cancer. This work provides crucial knowledge for the development of new treatments for chronic H. pylori infections and gastric cancer.

Spit samples uncover genetic risk factors for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

Researchers have discovered genetic risk factors for OCD that could help pave the way for earlier diagnosis and improved treatment for children and youth. Saliva samples from 5,000 kids were scanned and compared to responses using the Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The team identified that those with a genetic variant in the gene PTPRD had a greater risk for obsessive-compulsive traits.

Novel immunotherapy approach to fight melanoma

Researchers have advanced a tumor-targeting and cell penetrating antibody that can deliver payloads to stimulate an immune response to help treat melanoma.

COVID-19 Contact Tracing Communications Graphics

These graphics will help health departments develop their communications with communities about COVID-19 contact tracing.

COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State

CDC has been rapidly onboarding state and jurisdictional health departments to a more detailed form of COVID-19 electronic laboratory reporting (CELR). See which states have converted to electronic laboratory reporting.

Early cannabis use linked to heart disease

Smoking cannabis when you're young may increase your risk of developing heart disease later, according to a recent study.

Biologists investigate effects of bisphenols on nerve cells

Bisphenols contained in many everyday objects can impair important brain functions in humans, biologists warn. Their study shows that even small amounts of the plasticizers bisphenol A and bisphenol S disrupt the transmission of signals between nerve cells in the brains of fish. The researchers consider it very likely that similar interference can also occur in the brains of adult humans.

Pain receptors linked to the generation of energy-burning brown fat cells

A new source of energy expending brown fat cells has been uncovered by researchers, which they say points towards potential new therapeutic options for obesity.

Women 'risk' grey hair to feel authentic

Many women 'risk' allowing natural grey hair to show in order to feel authentic, a new study shows.

COVID-19 pandemic has been linked with six unhealthy eating behaviors

A new probe into the lingering impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed correlations to six unhealthy eating behaviors, according to a new study.

Centrifugal multispun nanofibers put a new spin on COVID-19 masks

Researchers have developed a novel nanofiber production technique called 'centrifugal multispinning' that will open the door for the safe and cost-effective mass production of high-performance polymer nanofibers.

Major risk of injury for recreational runners

Almost half of all recreational runners incur injuries, mostly relating to knees, calves or Achilles tendons, and the level of risk is equally high whatever your age, gender or running experience.

Imbalance in gum bacteria linked to Alzheimer's disease biomarker

Older adults with more harmful than healthy bacteria in their gums are more likely to have evidence for amyloid beta -- a key biomarker for Alzheimer's disease -- in their cerebrospinal fluid, according to new research. However, this imbalance in oral bacteria was not associated with another Alzheimer's biomarker called tau.

Another way 'good' cholesterol is good: Combatting inflammation

The ability of HDL particles (commonly known as 'good' cholesterol) to reduce inflammation in the cells that line blood vessels may help predict who is more likely to develop a heart attack or other serious heart-related event. Gauging the anti-inflammatory capacity of HDL cholesterol may one day improve standard heart disease risk assessment.

COVID-19 Travel Recommendations by Country

Search COVID-19 risk assessment by country larger map

Health Equity in Action

Health Equity in Action

Health Equity News & Resources

Health Equity News & Resources

Volcanic pollution return linked to jump in respiratory disease cases

Respiratory disease increased by almost a quarter after the Holuhraun lava eruption in 2014-2015, one of Iceland's largest volcanic eruptions. Emissions returning in the days immediately following volcanic eruptions impact health and are not factored into responses to the public health threat caused by volcanoes. The study authors recommend government responses take these emissions into account.

Researchers discover new way to starve brain tumors

Scientists have found a new way to starve cancerous brain tumor cells of energy in order to prevent further growth.

New CAR T approach minimizes resistance, helps avoid relapse in non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma

Early results from a new, pioneering chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy trial found using a bilateral attack achieves a more robust defense and helps avoid relapse.

Immune-stimulating drug before surgery shows promise in early-stage pancreatic cancer

Giving early-stage pancreatic cancer patients a CD40 immune-stimulating drug helped jumpstart a T cell attack to the notoriously stubborn tumor microenvironment before surgery and other treatments, according to a new study.

Using genetics, researchers identify potential drugs for early treatment of COVID-19

A new study using human genetics suggests researchers should prioritize clinical trials of drugs that target two proteins to manage COVID-19 in its early stages. Based on their analyses, the researchers call for prioritizing clinical trials of drugs targeting the proteins IFNAR2 and ACE2. The goal is to identify existing drugs, either FDA-approved or in clinical development for other conditions, that can be repurposed for the early management of COVID-19.

Antibody binding-site conserved across COVID-19 virus variants

A tiny protein of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that gives rise to COVID-19, may have big implications for future treatments, according to a team of Penn State researchers.

Interleukin-33 involved in immunity to Sars-CoV-2

A new study reveals the involvement of interleukin-33, an important alarm signal, when immune cells get exposed to Sars-CoV-2 for a second time.

Sunlight linked with lower COVID-19 deaths, study shows

Sunnier areas are associated with fewer deaths from COVID-19, an observational study suggests. Increased exposure to the sun's rays -- specifically UVA -- could act as a simple public health intervention if further research establishes it causes a reduction in mortality rates, experts say.

Aluminum is intricately associated with the neuropathology of familial Alzheimer's disease

A new study continues to support a growing body of evidence that aluminum contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Researchers found aluminum co-located with phosphorylated tau protein, which is an early initiator of AD.

Leaking calcium in neurons an early sign of Alzheimer's pathology

Alzheimer's disease is known for its slow attack on neurons crucial to memory and cognition. But why are these particular neurons in aging brains so susceptible to the disease's ravages, while others remain resilient?

Fighting dementia with play

A dementia diagnosis turns the world upside down, not only for the person affected but also for their relatives, as brain function gradually declines. Those affected lose their ability to plan, remember things or behave appropriately. At the same time, their motor skills also deteriorate. Ultimately, dementia patients are no longer able to handle daily life alone and need comprehensive care. New research shows that cognitive motor training helps in the fight against Alzheimer's and dementia.

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccination Demographic Data

CDC's COVID Data Tracker provides COVID-19 vaccination data in the United States, including Demographic Characteristics of People Receiving COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States.

Reporting Trends in Number of COVID-19 Vaccinations

CDC's COVID Data Tracker provides trends data on the number of COVID-19 vaccines administered in the United States.

Brain disease transmitted by tick bites may be treatable

The virus that causes tick-borne encephalitis appears to trick the immune system, misdirecting it into producing inferior antibodies. But new research shows some people produce more potent antibodies, providing hope for treatment.

Teachers and Staff Resuming In-Person Learning

As your school resumes in-person learning during the coronavirus pandemic - whether for the first time or following an outbreak - this page can help you identify ways to protect your own health, as well as the health of students in your classroom.

COVID Data Tracker Weekly Review

A review of the week's key data from CDC's COVID Data Tracker, narrative interpretations, and visualizations.

Masculine traits linked to better parenting for some dads

In some men, having traditional masculine characteristics such as competitiveness and adventurousness was linked to being better fathers to infants, a new study found. But the men in this study - highly educated and from dual-earner couples - combined those stereotypically masculine traits with the belief that they should be nurturing, highly involved fathers.

Public Service Announcements (PSAs)

List of public service announcements related to coronavirus.

Metabolic changes in fat tissue in obesity associated with adverse health effects

A twin study indicates that the machinery responsible for energy handling in fat tissue is working poorly in obesity. In the study, a clear reduction was seen in the activity of mitochondrial genes in obesity in fat tissue, while similar genome-level change in muscle mitochondria was minor. A link with adverse health effects was identified in the mitochondria of fat tissue only.

A sulfosugar from green vegetables promotes the growth of important gut bacteria

A team of scientists has analyzed how microbes in the gut process the plant-based, sulfur-containing sugar sulfoquinovose. Their study discovered that specialized bacteria cooperate in the utilization of the sulfosugar, producing hydrogen sulfide. This gas has disparate effects on human health: at low concentrations, it has an anti-inflammatory effect, while increased amounts of hydrogen sulfide in the intestine, in turn, are associated with diseases such as cancer.

Pillar of support: Breakthrough discovery could speed up bone implant recovery

A research team has uncovered a new technique that can speed up recovery from bone replacements. Novel micropillars, 10 times smaller than the width of a human hair, can change the size, shape and nucleus of individual stem cells and 'trick' them to become bone. Further research will look to improve the process of locking bone replacements with reduced risk of infection.

Childhood diet and exercise creates healthier, less anxious adults

Exercise and a healthy diet in childhood leads to adults with bigger brains and lower levels of anxiety, according to new research.

Health benefits of breastfeeding, for mother: Lactation and visceral, pericardial fat

As demonstrated by multiple studies, women who breastfeed have a lower risk for developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes, though the mechanisms by which these risks are reduced for lactating women are still not fully understood. Scientists recently completed a study to see if the presence of excess fat, specifically visceral and pericardial fat, could help explain this finding.

Toward a reliable oral treatment for sickle cell disease

For those who have sickle cell disease, there are only a few treatment options, which include bone marrow transplants, gene therapy or other treatments that address a subset of symptoms. Now, researchers report discovery of a small molecule that could treat sickle cell disease by boosting levels of fetal hemoglobin, a healthy form that adults normally do not make.

Brazil at high risk of dengue outbreaks after droughts because of temporary water storage

Dengue risk is exacerbated in highly populated areas of Brazil after extreme drought because of improvised water containers housing mosquitoes, suggests a new study.

Leisure physical activity is linked with health benefits but work activity is not

The first large study showing that leisure time physical activity and occupational physical activity have opposite, and independent, associations with cardiovascular disease risk and longevity.

Scientists discover 'jumping' genes that can protect against blood cancers

New research has uncovered a surprising role for so-called 'jumping' genes that are a source of genetic mutations responsible for a number of human diseases. Scientists made the unexpected discovery that these DNA sequences, also known as transposons, can protect against certain blood cancers.

Blocking a protein could help overcome cancer resistance to PARP inhibitors

Researchers have found that blocking a specific protein could increase tumor sensitivity to treatment with PARP inhibitors. Their work suggests combining treatments could lead to improved therapy for patients with inheritable breast cancers.

The tuberculosis pathogen releases its toxin by a novel protein transport system

Six years ago, researchers described the first toxin ever found for the deadly pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the mechanism for its secretion from the bacterium was unknown. Now, researchers describe two small Esx proteins that form pores in bacterial membranes and are essential for toxin release. This transport system may be widespread across many Gram-positive bacteria that contain proteins in the WXG100 super-family.

Guidance for Reporting SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Results

It is critically important for the nation's COVID-19 pandemic response to understand the genetic diversity, spread, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, including variant viruses. This guidance for reporting SARS-CoV-2 sequencing will improve that understanding.

Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers

CDC is working to learn more about the range of short- and long-term health effects associated with COVID-19. While most persons with COVID-19 recover and return to normal health, some patients can have symptoms that can last for weeks or even months after recovery from acute illness. Even people who are not hospitalized and who have mild illness can experience persistent or late symptoms. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate. CDC continues work to identify how common these symptoms are, who is most likely to get them, and whether these symptoms eventually resolve.

Strategies for Optimizing Supply of N95 Respirators

Learn how to optimize N95 respirators during COVID-19.

Summary for Healthcare Facilities: Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators during the COVID-19 Response

Checklist for Healthcare Facilities: Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators during the COVID-19 Response

'Emotional' reviews predict business success, new study shows

A new study was able to predict the success of movies, commercials, books and restaurants by relying on the 'emotionality' of reviews instead of the star rating.

'Pain is always a perception': Physical therapy can help prevent, treat opioid use disorder

A professor is working to address opioid misuse in an unconventional way: through physical therapy. She and her colleagues have enhanced physical therapy instruction to emphasize the profession's role in preventing and treating opioid use disorder.

Altering traumatic memories

Scientists could be a step closer to finding a way to reduce the impact of traumatic memories.

Sign-language exposure impacts infants as young as 5 months old

While it isn't surprising that infants and children love to look at people's movements and faces, recent research studies exactly where they look when they see someone using sign language. The research uses eye-tracking technology that offers a non-invasive and powerful tool to study cognition and language learning in pre-verbal infants.

Complete chromosome 8 sequence reveals novel genes and disease risks

A full assembly of human chromosome 8 has now been completed. Its DNA content and arrangement are of interest in primate and human evolution, in several immune and developmental disorders, and in chromosome sequence structure and function generally. This chromosome has a fast-evolving region with a highly accelerated mutation rate in humans and human-like species. Also, comparative studies with ape and macaque sequences are helping to chart the evolutionary history of the chromosome 8 centromere.

Two studies support key role for immune system in shaping SARS-CoV-2 evolution

Two studies provide new evidence supporting an important role for the immune system in shaping the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

PLD3 gene contributes to risk of Alzheimer's disease

A rare and controversial mutation in the phospholipase D3 (PLD3) protein -- previously linked to Alzheimer's disease -- interferes with PLD3's vital recycling function inside neurons, according to a new study.

Autism gene study finds widespread impact to brain's growth signaling network

A genetic mutation linked to autism causes significant undergrowth of brain tissue. An existing medicine appears to rescue the condition in mouse studies.

New insight into formation of the human embryo

Pioneering research led has provided new insight into formation of the human embryo.

Research shows cytonemes distribute Wnt proteins in vertebrate tissue

Scientists have made a pivotal breakthrough in understanding the way in which cells communicate with each other.

STING gene methylation allows melanoma to evade the immune system

Researchers demonstrate how an important defect in STING gene expression in melanoma cells contributes to their evasion from immune cell detection and destruction.

How to tame a restless genome

LTR retrotransposons are small stretches of DNA that can move around the genome. Researchers figured out how cells keep these 'jumping genes' anchored, preventing them from landing in the wrong place.

Late Sequelae of COVID-19

Late Sequelae of COVID-19

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19

Heart conditions associated with COVID-19 include inflammation and damage to the heart muscle itself, known as myocarditis, or inflammation of the covering of the heart, known as pericarditis.

Modern human brain originated in Africa around 1.7 million years ago

The human brain as we know it today is relatively young. It evolved about 1.7 million years ago when the culture of stone tools in Africa became increasingly complex. A short time later, the new Homo populations spread to Southeast Asia, researchers have now shown using computed tomography analyses of fossilized skulls.

How people decide when they have so many choices

It's one thing to decide among a few snacks available at a friend's house. But what do people do when they're faced with a vending machine offering 36 options? A new study using eye-tracking technology suggests that the amount of time people spend looking at individual items may actually help them decide. Findings showed that people tended to choose snacks they spent more time looking at, sometimes even over snacks that they rated more highly.

A new agent for brain diseases: mRNA

Researchers prepared a nanomicelle delivery system to transport BDNF mRNA to the site of ischemic injury. The nanomicelle successfully produced BDNF and prevented the death of neurons when dosed 2 days after ischemia in rats. Long-term experiments showed significant improvements in memory compared with untreated rats. The findings are expected to extend the potential treatment window for preventing neuronal death after ischemic attack, and significantly improve outcomes for patients.

Biologists create better method to culture cells for testing drug toxicity

Researchers have discovered that by changing two components of the media used to culture the cells, they can make liver cancer cells behave more like normal liver cells. Rather than using standard serum containing glucose, they used serum from which the glucose had been removed using dialysis and added galactose to the media. This changes the metabolism of the cells making them behave more like normal liver cells.

The truth about doublespeak: Is it lying or just being persuasive?

Doublespeak, or the use of euphemisms to sway opinion, lets leaders avoid the reputational costs of lying while still bringing people around to their way of thinking, a new study has found.

Light shed on the coordination of neural stem cell activation

Scientists have successfully performed 3D visualization and spatial and temporal distribution analysis of neural stem cell activation in the adult brain of a zebrafish vertebrate model. Their findings demonstrate for the first time that activation events for these cells are coordinated in time and space. In particular, these results may help improve our understanding of regulation processes triggered during brain tumor formation.

Parkinson's, cancer, type 2 diabetes share a key element that drives disease

Researchers have discovered a direct link between a master sensor of cell stress and a protein that protects the power stations of cells. The same pathway is also tied to type 2 diabetes and cancer, which could open a new avenue for treating all three diseases.