COVID-19 hospitalizations increase among unvaccinated pregnant women

Unvaccinated pregnant women are increasingly being hospitalized with COVID-19 during a nationwide surge of the Delta variant, according to researchers.

Looking beyond DNA to see cancer with new clarity

Researchers have mapped out how hundreds of mutations involved in two types of cancer affect the activity of proteins that are the ultimate actors behind the disease. The work points the way to identifying new precision treatments that may avoid the side effects common with much current chemotherapy.

More effective treatment of Alzheimer’s

Researchers have designed new antibodies that might provide more effective treatment methods for Alzheimer's disease. By designing antibodies that bind even to the smaller aggregates, or clumps, of the amyloid-beta protein, it may be possible to check the progress of the disease.

AMD: Reading ability crucial indicator of functional loss

In geographic atrophy, a late form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), reading ability is closely related to the altered retinal structure. Reading speed makes everyday functional impairment measurable, which the most common functional test in ophthalmology -- the best-corrected visual acuity assessment - cannot reflect. Retinal imaging can be used to assess loss of reading ability even when central visual acuity is still good.

Bioengineers develop new class of human-powered bioelectronics

A team of bioengineers has invented a novel soft and flexible self-powered bioelectronic device. The technology converts human body motions -- from bending an elbow to subtle movements such as a pulse on one's wrist -- into electricity that could be used to power wearable and implantable diagnostic sensors.

Study shows hormone therapy not associated with an increased risk of developing dementia

New research shows that the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT -- also known as hormone replacement therapy, HRT) is not linked to an increased risk of developing dementia.

Most cases of never-smokers’ lung cancer treatable with mutation-targeting drugs

Despite smoking's well-known role in causing lung cancer, a significant number of patients who develop lung tumors have never smoked. While scientists are still working to understand what spurs cancer in so-called 'never-smokers,' a study suggests that 78% to 92% of lung cancers in patients who have never smoked can be treated with precision drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration to target specific mutations in a patient's tumor.

New treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: Opioids may cure that 'bad gut feeling'

Opioid receptors play key roles in regulating our senses and emotions. Recently, their discovery outside the nervous system raised several questions about the effects of opioids on the immune system. Now, researchers have shown that KNT-127 -- a drug that targets delta opioid receptors -- can reduce pro-inflammatory signals in the colon. Their research highlights the immunomodulatory properties of opioids and indicates their therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease and other related disorders.

Study on African buffalo offers insights on persistence of highly contagious pathogens

A new study on foot-and-mouth disease among buffalo in South Africa could help explain how certain extremely contagious pathogens are able to persist and reach endemic stage in a population, long after they've burned through their initial pool of susceptible hosts.

Health Equity in Action

Health Equity in Action

Dynamic pregnancy intentions

A study found that pregnancy intentions often change over as short as a 12-month time period, and that they specifically vary with partner status, household income, and employment status.

Signaling from neighboring cells provides power boost within axons

Nerve cells (neurons) send signals throughout the brain and the body along long processes called axons; these communication and information processes consume high levels of energy. A recent study shows that the support cells around axons provide a way to boost local energy production. The new findings help explain how long axons maintain sufficient energy levels and could have implications for the treatment of several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), linked to disruptions in axonal energy supply.

Safer treatment for deep-seated tumors

Scientists have detailed the effects of copper cysteamine, a next-generation cancer photo-drug.

Our choices may be making us more individualistic

While having a variety of choices is widely seen as a positive consequence of economic development, what impact does this explosion of choice have on the psyche of the individual, and further, society as a whole?

Toxic DNA buildup in eyes may drive blinding macular degeneration

Damaging DNA builds up in the eyes of patients with geographic atrophy, an untreatable, poorly understood form of age-related macular degeneration that causes blindness, new research reveals. Based on the discovery, the researchers think it may be possible to treat the disease with common HIV drugs or an even safer alternative.

Getting beyond small talk: Study finds people enjoy deep conversations with strangers

People benefit from deep and meaningful conversations that help us forge connections with one another, but we often stick to small talk with strangers because we underestimate how much others are interested in our lives and wrongly believe that deeper conversations will be more awkward and less enjoyable than they actually are, according to new research.

Breastfeeding status and duration significantly impact postpartum depression risk

A study of 29,685 American women finds postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant health issue, with nearly 13 percent of the sample being at risk. Results showed that women who were currently breastfeeding at the time of data collection had statistically significant lower risk of PPD than women who were not breastfeeding. There also was a statistically significant inverse relationship between breastfeeding length and risk of PPD. As the number of weeks that women breastfed increased, their PPD decreased. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in PPD risk among women with varying breastfeeding intent (yes, no, unsure).

Dental care: The best, worst and unproven tools to care for your teeth

Only a handful of oral hygiene tools actually prevent gum disease. At the moment, all other tools are only supported by insufficient evidence, say researchers.

COVID-19 County Check Tool: Understanding Community Transmission Levels in Your County

COVID Risk Widget Precautions

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States

Information on COVID-19 vaccination data reported in CDC's COVID Data Tracker.

Extra spacing can boost children’s reading speed

A new study has found that a child's reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text. The study discovered that text with increased space between each letter provided a benefit to both dyslexic and non-dyslexic children. On average, the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the comparison group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% increase in reading speed.

Sibling bullying associated with poor mental health outcomes years later

Young people who are repeatedly bullied by siblings are more likely to suffer from poor mental health and wellbeing issues later in adolescence, a new study has suggested.

Scientists show that a novel therapy could be effective against pediatric leukemia

Researchers have developed a therapy that shows promise against a deadly pediatric leukemia. The small-molecule therapy was highly effective in fighting a type of acute myeloid leukemia in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, according to new research.

New study suggests that aquaporin could be key to repairing corneal defects

Corneal defects often heal themselves, but serious injuries that are left untreated can result in inflammation, infection, ulceration and even blindness. A new study provides exciting evidence supporting the involvement of aquaporins in corneal cell proliferation and nerve regeneration and suggests aquaporin 5 (AQP5) induction as a potential therapy to accelerate the resurfacing of corneal defects, report scientists.

Researchers discover unknown childhood genetic condition and its potential cure

International group of researchers identify new childhood genetic condition and a potential cure that can be delivered during pregnancy.

ECMO life support offers sickest COVID-19 patients a chance to survive, but a slimmer one than once thought

The life-support system called ECMO can rescue COVID-19 patients from the brink of death, but not at the rates seen early in the pandemic, a new study finds. Where once about 60 percent of such patients survived at least 90 days in spring 2020, by the end of the year it was just under half.

Weight or energy: ACL recovery results and implications for returning to sport

Scientists discovered the importance of factoring both weight and jump height into the tests that are used to clear athletes to resume physical activity following an ACL injury.

Understanding hearing loss from noise damage through gene expression changes

A team led by researchers has published an online interactive atlas representing the changes in the levels of RNA made in the different cell types of ears of mice, after damage due to loud noise. From this analysis, the research teams identified a handful of drug candidates that may be able to prevent or treat the damage, and ultimately preserve hearing.

Study shows fragile X treatment can incur resistance, suggests ways around it

While the brain acquires resistance to continuous treatment with mGluR5 inhibitor drugs, lasting effects may still arise if dosing occurs intermittently and during a developmental critical period, a new study finds.

How sepsis need not be fatal

Researchers have identified molecular biomarkers, pathways and immune cell dynamics associated with sepsis that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the condition from leading to death.

New tool predicts changes that may make COVID variants more infectious

Researchers have created a novel framework that can predict with reasonable accuracy the amino-acid changes in the virus' spike protein that may improve its binding to human cells and confer increased infectivity to the virus. The tool could enable the computational surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and provide advance warning of potentially dangerous variants with an even higher binding affinity potential. This can aid in the early implementation of public health measures to prevent the virus's spread and perhaps even may inform vaccine booster formulations.

Stress of COVID-19 pandemic caused irregular menstrual cycles, study found

Women and people who menstruate experienced irregularities in their menstrual cycle because of increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, a new study has found.

Wiggling worms suggest link between vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's

Worms lose their wiggle when they get Alzheimer's disease, but researchers found that worms fed a diet of E. coli with higher levels of vitamin B12 were given a layer of protection from the dreaded degenerative brain disease.

Expanding the genetic code with quadruplet codons

Cells working with an expanded genetic code could make more diverse medicines. A new study shows scientists are within striking distance.

What are ideal blood sugar levels for preventing repeat strokes, heart attacks?

Blood sugar control has always been important for people with diabetes when it comes to preventing a stroke. But a new study finds for people with diabetes who have a stroke, there may be an ideal target blood sugar range to lower the risk of different types of vascular diseases like a stroke or heart attack later on.

Glioma subtype may hold the secret to the success of immunotherapies

A common mutation in gliomas sensitizes them to immunotherapy, a finding which researchers believe could have broader therapeutic implications for all glioma patients.

Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine

COVID-19 vaccination will help protect you from getting COVID-19. Learn about possible side effects and some helpful tips to relieve side effects.

Science backs nature as key to children’s health

The presence of greenspaces near homes and schools is strongly associated with improved physical activity and mental health outcomes in kids, according to a massive review of data from nearly 300 studies.

How high-fat diets allow cancer cells to go unnoticed

The immune system relies on cell surface tags to recognize cancer cells. Researchers discovered mice who ate high-fat diets produced less of these tags on their intestinal cells, suppressing the ability of immune cells to identify and eliminate intestinal tumors. The high-fat diet also reduced the presence of certain bacteria in the mice's gut, which normally helps maintain the production of these tags.

Life expectancy gap between black and white Americans closes nearly 50 percent in 30 years

Persistent gaps in life expectancy between Black and white Americans have been highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, this gap has narrowed by nearly 50 percent in three decades, largely due to improvements among Black Americans, according to a new study.

Study suggests R rate for tracking pandemic should be dropped in favour of 'nowcasts'

When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in 2020, the R rate became well-known shorthand for the reproduction of the disease. Yet a new study suggests it's time for 'A Farewell to R' in favour of a different approach based on the growth rate of infection rather than contagiousness.

Study links air pollution to nearly 6 million preterm births around the world

Air pollution likely contributed to almost 6 million premature births and almost 3 million underweight babies in 2019, according to a global burden of disease study and meta-analysis that quantifies the effects of indoor and outdoor pollution around the world.

Children do not understand concept of others having false beliefs until age 6 or 7

Understanding how others think, including the ability of other people to hold false beliefs, is important for social interaction. Called theory of mind, this ability has been thought to occur in children around age 4 years. New research suggests otherwise and shows that children do not understand others' false beliefs until age 6 or 7 years. Young children can pass theory-of-mind experiments using rudimentary concepts of seeing and knowing, without an understanding of mental representation. This work has implications for development and education.

The vicious circle of high academic achievement

For some teenagers, the new school year means reuniting with their friends. For others, it means an increase in anxiety and in the pressure to succeed and get good grades. According to researchers, this can lead to perfectionism and, in turn, to anxiety and depression.

Tracking muscle activity with clothes on your back

Researchers have developed a bioelectrical sensor that is convenient and low-cost. The sensor measures electromyography signals that are generated in muscles when they contract and are useful for studying muscle fatigue and recovery, and they have the potential to inform diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular diseases. The biosensor, made of silver paste with a layer of gold nanoparticles on top, is directly integrated onto a piece of clothing. The result was a detector that was both conductive and nonirritating to the skin.

Whole-heart computational modeling provides insights for individualized treatment

To pursue a better mechanistic understanding of ventricular arrhythmias, researchers are turning to whole-heart computational models, which are currently witnessing an evolution of a variety of computational approaches, especially within the realm of personalized technologies. They describe the progress using various computational approaches to address the mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction and issues related to the clinical application of computation-driven diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cardiac disease and arrhythmias.

Dynamic twists and loops can enable DNA to modulate its function

Supercoiling and looping can transmit mechanical stress along the DNA backbone that can promote the separation of the strands of the double helix at specific distant sites, exposing the DNA bases, which may facilitate repair, replication, transcription or other aspects of DNA function.

Researchers’ novel mind-body program outperforms other forms of treatment for chronic back pain

Physician-scientists developed a 12-week mind-body program that takes a new approach to chronic back pain. The team demonstrated that this intervention was highly beneficial for treating back pain when compared to standard care.

Small but mighty: Microgreens go from trendy vegetables to functional food

Starting decades ago as fashionable, high-value gourmet greens, today microgreens have gained popularity among consumers for their nutritional profile and high content of antioxidant compounds. Now, a new study suggests that the tiny plants have the potential to help provide global nutrition security.

Plasmodium falciparum evolving to escape malaria rapid diagnostics in Africa

A major tool against malaria in Africa has been the use of rapid diagnostic tests, which have been part of the 'test-treat-track' strategy in Ethiopia, the second most-populated country in Africa. But researchers studying blood samples from more than 12,000 individuals in Ethiopia now estimate these tests missed nearly 10% of malaria cases caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the most common cause of malaria cases and deaths.

Past suffering can affect future praise

Researchers have discovered that people tend to give more praise to someone for their good deeds as an adult after discovering that person has also had to overcome adversity or suffering earlier in life, such as abuse and neglect as a child.

Reducing salt in bread without sacrificing taste

Most people in the U.S. consume too much salt; adult Americans typically eat twice the daily amount recommended by dietary guidelines. Bread may not seem like an obvious culprit; however, due to high consumption and relatively high salt content, baked goods are a major source of sodium in the diet. A new study from the explores ways to reduce sodium in bread without sacrificing taste and leavening ability.

Counting cells may shed light on how cancer spreads

Engineers developed a technique that allows them to measure the generation rate and half-life of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in mice.

Magnetic stimulation of the brain can improve episodic memory, study finds

The ability to form episodic memories declines with age, certain dementias, and brain injury. However, a new study shows that low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered over the left prefrontal cortex of the brain can improve memory performance by reducing the power of low frequency brain waves as memories form.

Researchers identify mutations of Delta, Delta Plus variants

Using bioinformatics tools and programming, researchers identified five specific mutations that are far more prevalent in Delta Plus infections compared to Delta infections, including one mutation, K417N, that is present in all Delta Plus infections but not present in nearly any Delta infections. The findings provide important clues to researchers about the structural changes to the virus recently and highlight the need to expand the toolbox in the fight against COVID-19.

AI may predict the next virus to jump from animals to humans

A new study suggests that machine learning using viral genomes may predict the likelihood that any animal-infecting virus will infect humans, given biologically relevant exposure.

Seven symptoms jointly predict COVID-19 diagnosis, study finds

A set of 7 symptoms, considered together, can be used to maximize detection of COVID-19 in the community, according to researchers.

‘Research autopsy’ enable scientists study why certain cancer therapies stop working

A new research study turns cancer scientists into molecular detectives, searching for clues for why certain cancers are able to spread and evolve by studying tissues collected within hours of death.

Intense workouts before bedtime won’t guarantee a good night’s rest, new research shows

A new meta-analysis assessed data from 15 published studies to see how a single session of intense exercise affects young and middle-aged healthy adults in the hours prior to bedtime. And while no two bodies are the same, the researchers did find that the combination of factors would interact to enhance or modulate the effects of exercise on sleep.

Happiness in early adulthood may protect against dementia

While research has shown that poor cardiovascular health can damage blood flow to the brain increasing the risk for dementia, a new study indicates that poor mental health may also take its toll on cognition.

Link between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease bolstered

Researchers show that chronic hyperglycemia impairs working memory performance and alters fundamental aspects of working memory networks.

Targeting a rare secondary cancer in children

Known as pediatric radiation-induced high-grade gliomas (RIGs), this specific type of brain tumor is caused by cranial radiation therapy for other cancers, most often brain cancers. They account for nearly 4% of all childhood brain tumor deaths, but there have not been many studies on RIGs and how to treat them.

Deadly auto crashes more likely during pandemic lockdown

With fewer people on the road during the early days of the pandemic, more drivers were speeding and driving recklessly, resulting in more crashes being deadly, a new study found.

Social distancing measures in the spring of 2020 effectively curbed the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, study finds

Early contact restrictions and school closures prevented over 80 per cent of COVID-19 infections and over 60 per cent of deaths in Germany within three weeks, a new study finds.

ستاسو د COVID-19 واکسین

How to get a vaccine, what you need to know before your appointment, and what you can do when you are fully vaccinated.

Antidepressants inhibit cancer growth in mice

Classic antidepressants could help improve modern cancer treatments. They slowed the growth of pancreatic and colon cancers in mice, and when combined with immunotherapy, they even stopped the cancer growth long-term. In some cases the tumors disappeared completely, researchers have found. Their findings will now be tested in human clinical trials.

Largest trial of antibiotic amoxicillin for treating chest infections in children finds little effect

The largest randomized placebo-controlled trial of the antibiotic amoxicillin for treating chest infections in children - one of the most common acute illnesses treated in primary care in developed countries, has found it is little more effective at relieving symptoms than the use of no medication

There’s no place like home…to track blood pressure

Adults with elevated blood pressure who had not been diagnosed with high blood pressure found that monitoring their blood pressure at home was more acceptable than going to a kiosk, clinic or using a 24-hour wearable monitoring device. Adults were more likely to record the minimum number of measurements with at-home or clinic-based blood pressure monitoring versus going to a kiosk. Adults found the 24-hour wearable blood pressure measuring device least acceptable among the options. Health care professionals should consider talking with people who have high blood pressure about the option of home monitoring and providing the tools and education necessary to do it correctly.

Children who eat more fruit and veggies have better mental health

New research finds that children who eat more fruit and veg have better mental health. The study is the first to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intakes, breakfast and lunch choices, and mental wellbeing in UK school children. The research team studied data from almost 9,000 children in 50 schools. They found that the types of breakfast and lunch eaten by both primary and secondary school pupils were significantly associated with wellbeing.

Nasal microbiota holds clues to who will develop symptoms from novel coronavirus

The microbiota in the nose and upper throat likely contains biomarkers for assessing how sick an individual infected with SARS-CoV-2 may get and for developing new treatment strategies to improve their outcome, researchers say.

Power of stem cells harnessed to create cartilage tissue

Researchers have invented a new way to generate human cartilage tissue from stem cells. The technique could pave the way for the development of a much-needed new treatment for people with cartilage damage.

Anti-seizure medication improves cognitive function in some Alzheimer’s patients

An inexpensive anti-seizure medication markedly improves learning and memory and other cognitive functions in Alzheimer's patients who have epileptic activity in their brains, according to a new study.

How SNPs can be used to detect disease pathways

Researchers have developed a new computational tool that can identify pathways related to diseases, including breast and prostate cancer, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

New approach to breast cancer prevention

Researchers suggest that advances in breast cancer prevention research have resulted in new and innovative opportunities to modify breast cancer risk and potentially reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality.

Passage of recreational cannabis laws leads to some rise in use but not for all demographics

The U.S. is seeing an increased use of cannabis resulting from its legalization for recreational purposes. The findings showed that passage of the laws led to a rise in the odds of past-year and past-month cannabis use among individuals of Hispanic, Other and non-Hispanic whites compared to the period prior to enacting laws for recreational use. However, legalization did not lead to use more frequently, or cannabis use disorder among these groups.

Experimental drug development approach points to better targeted therapies for treatment-resistant leukemia

New research shows why some drugs in clinical trials for treating a form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often fail and demonstrates a way to restore their effectiveness.

Screening device accurately detects amblyopia (lazy eye)

A handheld screening device that detects subtle misalignment of the eyes accurately identifies children with amblyopia (lazy eye), according to a new study.

Sunlight exposure guidelines may need to be revised

Previously published solar exposure guidelines for optimal vitamin D synthesis based on a study of skin samples may need to be revised.

COVID-19 Vaccines for People with Underlying Medical Conditions

If you have an underlying medical condition, this can help you make an informed decision about getting a COVID-19 vaccination.

N95 respirators could offer robust protection from wildfire smoke

N95 respirators offer the best protection against wildfire smoke and other types of air pollution, performing better than synthetic, cotton and surgical masks. N95s were so effective in the lab experiments that the researchers estimate their widespread use could reduce hospital visits attributable to wildfire smoke by 22% to 39%.

Withdrawal from psychostimulants restructures functional architecture of brain

Researchers describe how withdrawal from nicotine, methamphetamine and cocaine alters the functional architecture and patterns in the brains of mice, compared to control animals, a key to developing addiction treatments.

Unusual visual examination of objects may indicate later autism diagnosis in infants

A new study suggests that unusual visual inspection of objects may precede the development of the social symptoms that are characteristic of autism syndrome disorder.

New potential factor contributing to severity of COVID-19 identified

Researchers have identified a protein that may critically contribute to severe forms of COVID-19.

How Much Do You Know about COVID-19 Vaccines?

Take this quiz to test your knowledge and learn about COVID-19 vaccines.

Drugs used by some Type 2 diabetics may lessen risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, study suggests

A type of drug already used to treat obesity and Type 2 diabetes, when taken six months prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19, was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization, respiratory complications and death in COVID-19 patients with Type 2 diabetes, according to researchers.

Benefits of early intervention in autoimmune diseases

Complex autoimmune diseases affecting various organ systems remain one of the greatest medical challenges in spite of immense advances in treatment. In particular, the diffuse symptoms at the early stage of complex autoimmune diseases make it hard to diagnose the condition early on, which in turn delays treatment. A team of researchers has now demonstrated that treatment can be extremely effective if autoimmune diseases are treated as early as possible, even before the first clinical symptoms appear.

Detecting dementia in the blood

Researchers want to image proteins with unprecedented precision -- and thus gain insights into the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's. This should pave the way for an earlier diagnosis of the dementia disorder via a simple blood test. A successful pilot study has now been completed.

Discovery of mechanics of drug targets for COVID-19

Researchers have discovered the working mechanism of potential drug targets for various diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and even COVID-19. The findings uncover the inner workings of cell receptors that are involved in cancer progression and inflammatory diseases.

A 3D-printed vaccine patch offers vaccination without a shot

Scientists have created a 3D-printed vaccine patch that provides greater protection than a typical vaccine shot.

Shrinking waveforms on electrocardiograms predict worsening health and death of hospitalized COVID-19 and influenza patients

Specific and dynamic changes on electrocardiograms (EKGs) of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or influenza can help predict a timeframe for worsening health and death, according to a new study.

Watching SARS-CoV-2 spread in animal models in real time

New 'reporter viruses' developed by researchers make it much easier to observe SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in cells and live animals in the lab, enabling faster screening of potential anti-viral drugs, vaccines and neutralizing antibodies.

Hungry or full: It comes down to the atomic details

A protein - measuring just a few nanometers in size - acts as a molecular switch with a crucial role in determining whether we feel hungry or full. By determining of the protein's 3D structure, researchers were able to visualize the molecular structures of the hormones with which this protein -- melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) -- interacts.

Taking the guesswork out of genetic engineering

If necessity is the mother of invention, frustration is the father. When scientists kept running into aggravating problems with the existing tools and methods they were using to perform genetic engineering experiments, they decided to make better ones. They teamed up and created an integrated pipeline called STAMPScreen that combines novel algorithms, a new gene cloning technique, and powerful next-generation sequencing technology to help scientists get from a database to results quickly, easily, and frustration-free.

COVID-19 pandemic has caused the biggest decrease in life expectancy since World War II, study finds

A dataset on mortality from 29 countries, spanning most of Europe, the United States and Chile, found that 27 countries saw reductions in life expectancy in 2020, and at a scale which wiped out years of progress on mortality. The large declines in life expectancy in the U.S. can partly be explained by the notable increase in mortality at working ages observed in 2020.

Finger tracing enhances learning: Evidence for 100-year-old practice used by Montessori

A practice used by education pioneer Montessori in the early 1900s has received further validation, with studies showing that finger tracing makes learning easier and more motivating. Imagining an object after tracing it can generate even faster learning, for children and adults alike.

Spouses really are together in sickness and in health suggests new study

Examining spouses from Japan and the Netherlands, a new study suggests that couples have a high degree of commonality in body shape, blood pressure, and even incidences of some diseases.

COVID-19 and Animals

Animals and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Healthy changes in diet, activity improved treatment-resistant high blood pressure

A healthy eating plan, weight loss and improved aerobic fitness can significantly reduce blood pressure and improve heart health in people with resistant hypertension -- a condition in which blood pressure remains high despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medications.

Smartphone sensor data has potential to detect cannabis intoxication

A smartphone sensor, much like what is used in GPS systems, might be a way to determine whether or not someone is intoxicated after consuming marijuana, according to a new study.

When it comes to communication skills, maybe we’re born with it?

A neuroscientist and speech pathologist, led a study that uncovered how neural networks in infants influence their language learning skills in early childhood.

In a gene tied to growth, scientists see glimmers of human history

A new study delves into the evolution and function of the human growth hormone receptor gene, and asks what forces in humanity's past may have driven changes to this vital piece of DNA.

Guiding microbes along their path

The direction of movement of a microbe directly depends on the curvature of its environment, according to new findings. The researchers investigated the navigation of a model microbe, a small self-propelling microalga, in confined compartments with different shapes. They also developed theoretical models to predict the probability flux of that microswimmer which was confirmed by experiments. With this model available, it is now possible to pre-define the average trajectory of such microbes by manipulating the curvature of the compartments which directly affects their movement.

New cause of inherited heart condition discovered

The discovery provides a new causal explanation for 1-2% of adults with the condition.

Radiation therapy reprograms heart muscle cells to younger state

New research suggests that radiation therapy can reprogram heart muscle cells to what appears to be a younger state, fixing electrical problems that cause a life-threatening arrhythmia without the need for a long-used, invasive procedure.

What Tribal Communities Need to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines

Facts about COVID-19 vaccines for American Indian and Native Alaskan tribal communities.

CDC's COVID-19 Weekly Partner Calls

CDC's COVID-19 Weekly Partner Calls provide a broad base of partners with updates on the latest guidance, hot topics, and scientific insight on CDC's COVID-19 response efforts. Each week the call focuses on a specific topic, diving deeply to provide more information, followed by a Q&A portion of the call. Questions are accepted ahead of time from the general public, and though not all questions are able to be answered during the call, as many are answered as possible.

Lab grown tumor models could improve treatment for pancreatic cancer

An international team of scientists have created a three-dimensional (3D) pancreatic cancer tumour model in the laboratory, combining a bioengineered matrix and patient-derived cells that could be used to develop and test targeted treatments.

Wide heads help sperm swim together

Researchers used machine learning to discover that sperm with a wide head relative to length are more likely to clump together and swim collectively, a rare behavior that sometimes helps them reach an egg faster. The study provides a new method for understanding how form and function are related in cells with complex behaviors in all animals, including humans.

Systems approach helps assess public health impacts of changing climate, environmental policies

Scientists offer an alternative way to understand and minimize health impacts from human-caused changes to the climate and environment.

Novel small molecule potently attenuates neuroinflammation in brain and glial cells

In a preclinical study show that their small molecule drug, SRI-42127, can potently attenuate the triggers of neuroinflammation. These experiments in glial cell cultures and mice now open the door to testing SRI-42127 in models of acute and chronic neurological injury.

Scientists develop artificial intelligence method to predict anti-cancer immunity

Researchers and data scientists have developed an artificial intelligence technique that can identify which cell surface peptides produced by cancer cells called neoantigens are recognized by the immune system.

Mapping words to colors

While the range of colors your eyes may perceive extends beyond the words language provides, languages around the globe are remarkably similar in how they partition the space of colors into a vocabulary. Yet differences exist. In a study examining 130 diverse languages around the world, researchers developed an algorithm to infer the communicative needs that different linguistic communities place on colors.

Researchers define chain of events leading to dangerous intestinal disorder in preemies

A research team has provided what may be the most definitive view to date of the biological process leading to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a dangerous inflammatory disease that can destroy a premature infant's intestinal lining and causes death in up to a third of the cases.

Infection hinders blood vessel repair following traumatic brain or cerebrovascular injuries

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other injuries to blood vessels in the brain, like stroke, are a leading cause of long-term disability or death. Researchers have found a possible explanation for why some patients recover much more poorly from brain injury if they later become infected.

Insulin resistance doubles risk of major depressive disorder

Scientists have linked insulin resistance to an increased risk of developing major depressive disorder.

New avenue for study of diseases like multiple sclerosis

A surprising discovery may offer a promising new direction in the study of multiple sclerosis and other diseases of hypomyelination -- when axons of neurons are not covered sufficiently in fatty sheaths (myelin), which disrupts communication between nerve cells.

Researchers provide a framework to study precision nutrigeroscience

There are many forms of dietary restriction and their health benefits are not 'one size fits all.' Researchers provide a framework for a new personalized sub-specialty: precision nutrigeroscience, based on biomarkers affected by genetics, gender, tissue, and age.

Immune cells in the brain share the work

To break down toxic proteins more quickly, immune cells in the brain can join together to form networks when needed. However, in certain mutations that can cause Parkinson's disease, this cooperation is impaired.

New insights into how KLF4 influences gene expression

A team has discovered a mechanism by which transcription factor KLF4 can help to organize chromatin, thus influencing gene expression.

An estrogen receptor that promotes cancer also causes drug resistance

Cancer cells proliferate despite a myriad of stresses -- from oxygen deprivation to chemotherapy -- that would kill any ordinary cell. Now, researchers have gained insight into how they may be doing this through the downstream activity of a powerful estrogen receptor. The discovery offers clues to overcoming resistance to therapies like tamoxifen that are used in many types of breast cancer.

How do migraines affect the sleep cycle?

Adults and children with migraines may get less quality, REM sleep time than people who don't have migraines. That's according to a meta-analysis. Children with migraines were also found to get less total sleep time than their healthy peers but took less time to fall asleep.

Adults with neurologic conditions more likely to have experienced childhood trauma

Adults with neurologic conditions are more likely than the general population to have had adverse childhood experiences such as abuse, neglect or household dysfunction, according to a new study. The study does not prove that neurologic conditions are caused by such experiences. It only shows an association between the two.

Decoding birds’ brain signals into syllables of song

Researchers can predict what syllables a bird will sing -- and when it will sing them -- by reading electrical signals in its brain, reports a new study. The work is an early step toward building vocal prostheses for humans who have lost the ability to speak.

How tactile vibrations create illusions

Among the traditional five human senses, touch is perhaps the least studied. Yet, it is solicited everywhere, all the time, and even more so in recent years with the widespread daily use of electronic devices that emit vibrations. Indeed, any moving object transmits oscillatory signals that propagate through solid substrates. Our body detects them by means of mechanoreceptors located below the skin and transmits the information to the brain similarly to auditory, olfactory or visual stimuli. By studying how mice and humans perceive tactile vibrations, researchers discovered that the brain does not reliably perceive the frequency of a vibration when its amplitude varies. An illusory phenomenon is thereby created, which highlights how far our perception of the world around us can deviate from its physical reality.

Interim Guidelines for COVID-19 Antibody Testing

CDC has developed interim guidance for how healthcare providers, laboratories, and public health staff should use antibody tests for COVID-19. These tests look for the presence of antibodies, which are specific proteins made in response to infections.

Breast cancers: Ruptures in cell nuclei promotes tumor invasion

When cells multiply and migrate, they can be compressed and their nucleus may break open. This phenomenon causes DNA damage. Scientists have now shown that this facilitates the spread of cancer cells in breast tumors.

Antibody-producing B cells may be 'predestined' for their fates

The master regulator behind the development of antibody-producing cells has been identified in a new study. The findings provide new insight into the inner workings of the immune system and may help understand how tissues develop and how certain cancers arise.

Child abuse and neglect linked to early death in adulthood

A new study found that adults who reported experiencing sexual abuse by the age of 16 had a 2.6 times higher risk of dying in middle age -- that is, between 45 and 58 -- than those who did not report sexual abuse.

Adjusting fatty acid intake may help with mood variability in bipolar disorders

Can specific dietary guidelines help people living with bipolar disorders better manage their health? Clinical trial results showed that a diet designed to alter levels of specific fatty acids consumed by participants may help patients have less variability in their mood.

Deadly virus’s pathway to infect cells identified

Researchers have discovered how Rift Valley fever virus enters cells, pointing the way to new therapies to treat deadly Rift Valley fever.

Contact Tracing Resources for Health Departments

CDC general principles for COVID and what CDC is doing to support contact tracing.

Operational Considerations for Adapting a Contact Tracing Program to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Contact tracing is a key component of controlling transmission of infectious diseases. This document is for CDC country offices, ministries of health, sub-national public health authorities, and other implementing partners in non-US settings. While select adaptations may be relevant for any jurisdiction, the document focuses on adaptations that might be especially useful in low- and middle-income countries.

A new method for removing lead from drinking water

Engineers designed a relatively low-cost, energy-efficient approach to treating water contaminated with heavy metals such as lead.

Therapy using dual immune system cells effectively controls neuroblastoma

A newly developed immunotherapy that simultaneously uses modified immune-fighting cells to home in on and attack two antigens, or foreign substances, on cancer cells was highly effective in mice implanted with human neuroblastoma tissue.

Metastatic prostate cancer comes in two forms, which could guide treatment

Scientists have identified two subtypes of metastatic prostate cancer that respond differently to treatment, information that could one day guide physicians in treating patients with the therapies best suited to their disease.

How poxviruses multiply

Poxviruses have found a unique way of translating their genes into proteins in the infected organism. Scientists of the have been able to gain atomic-level insights into the functioning of the molecular machinery involved in the process.

New online tool to help residents reduce the impact of traffic-related air pollution

Researchers have released a new online tool to help schools, hospitals and residents understand and reduce the impact of traffic-related air pollution.

Are too many Phase III cancer clinical trials set up to fail?

New research finds four out of five cancer therapies tested in Phase III trials do not achieve clinically-meaningful benefit in prolonging survival, and is the first study to quantify the number of false-positive, false-negative, and true-negative trial results.

Different types of cancers are likely to spread to specific areas of the brain

Brain metastasis occurs when cancer in one part of the body spreads to the brain. The lifetime incidence of such metastatic brain tumors in cancer patients is between 20%-45%, research shows.

'Second-hand' psychological stress can lead to depression in mice, finds study

Few studies have explored the effect of psychological stressors on behavior, and neurogenesis, in the context of depression. With the elucidation of a vicarious social defeat stress mouse model, scientists have successfully endeavored in connecting the dots between psychological stress and depression.

Sticking to low-fat dairy may not be the only heart healthy option, study shows

New research amongst the world's biggest consumers of dairy foods has shown that those with higher intakes of dairy fat - measured by levels of fatty acids in the blood - had a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those with low intakes. Higher intakes of dairy fat were not associated with an increased risk of death.

New guidelines to improve reporting standards of studies that investigate causal mechanisms

A new guideline has been developed to help scientists publish their research accurately and transparently. The AGReMA Statement (A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses) provides recommendations for researchers who want to describe mediation analysis in their paper. Mediation analysis is primarily used to understand causation, ie how an intervention works or why it does not.

Pioneering software can grow and treat virtual tumors using AI designed nanoparticles

The EVONANO platform allows scientists to grow virtual tumors and use artificial intelligence to automatically optimize the design of nanoparticles to treat them. The ability to grow and treat virtual tumors is an important step towards developing new therapies for cancer. Importantly, scientists can use virtual tumors to optimize design of nanoparticle-based drugs before they are tested in the laboratory or patients.

Human learning can be duplicated in solid matter

Researchers have found that learning -- a universal feature of intelligence in living beings -- can be mimicked in synthetic matter, a discovery that in turn could inspire new algorithms for artificial intelligence (AI).

Intermittent fasting can help manage metabolic disease

Eating your daily calories within a consistent window of 8-10 hours is a powerful strategy to prevent and manage chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease, according to a new article.

Children’s dislike of cauliflower, broccoli could be written in their microbiome

Many children, as well as adults, dislike Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and Brussels sprouts. In the mouth, enzymes from these vegetables and from bacteria in saliva can produce unpleasant, sulfurous odors. Now, researchers have found that levels of these volatile compounds are similar in parent-child pairs, suggesting shared oral microbiomes. They also found that high levels cause children to dislike the vegetables.

Sonic hedgehog protein pathway stimulation could help Parkinson's patients

Levodopa, or L-dopa, is considered the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease today. After a few years of treatment, however, almost all patients develop a debilitating side-effect called L-dopa induced dyskinesia, or LID, which causes involuntary movements in the limbs, face, and torso. Deep brain stimulation can alleviate LID, but the procedure is highly invasive and not all patients are eligible.

Infants have more microplastics in their feces than adults

Microplastics -- tiny plastic pieces less than 5 mm in size -- are everywhere, from indoor dust to food to bottled water. So it's not surprising that scientists have detected these particles in the feces of people and pets. Now, in a small pilot study, researchers have discovered that infants have higher amounts of one type of microplastic in their stool than adults. Health effects, if any, are uncertain.

Predicting a riot: Social inequality leads to vandalism in experiments

Social inequality can incite collective violence in an experimental setting, finds a new study.

A genetic brain disease reversed after birth

Researchers report that Kleefstra syndrome, a genetic disorder that leads to intellectual disability, can be reversed after birth in a mouse model of the disease. The series of experiments showed that postnatal treatment resulted in improved symptoms, both in the brain and in behavior.

Customizable Contact Tracing Notification Letters

Sample letters for K-12 school administrators to respond to COVID-19 cases

Ensuring the Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States

Safety is a top priority for COVID-19 vaccines. Learn how the U.S. vaccine safety system is ensuring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Previous COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

MIND diet linked to better cognitive performance

Researchers have found that older adults may benefit from a specific diet called the MIND diet even when they develop these protein deposits, known as amyloid plaques and tangles.

New machine learning method to analyze complex scientific data of proteins

Scientists have developed a method using machine learning to better analyze data from a powerful scientific tool: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). One way NMR data can be used is to understand proteins and chemical reactions in the human body. NMR is closely related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for medical diagnosis.

Regulator proteins or symphonies of genes: Statistical modeling points way toward unified theory for DNA folding

Researchers seek to point a way toward a unified theory for how DNA changes shape when expressing genes. The scientists use an approach called statistical mechanics to explore the phenomenon of so-called expression waves of gene regulation. The group hopes to reconcile a long-standing gulf between the two scientific fields most involved in the topic, using concepts common to biology and physics.

Which types of brain activity support conscious experiences?

Our subjective experience appears to us in a continuous stream of integrated information, and researchers now explore the question: Which characteristics should brain activity have to support this type of conscious experiences? The group searched for integrated structures that encompass most of the brain but change configuration from time to time. Their hypothesis was these structures should vanish during states of deep unconsciousness, such as deep sleep or while under general anesthetics.

Researchers build embryo-like structures from human stem cells

Researchers construct an embryo-like structure from human stem cells, resulting in a new way to study the earliest stages of development.

Researchers use exosome-based strategy to block HIV in mice

Researchers used exosomes, tiny nanoparticles capable of being taken up by cells, to deliver novel protein into the cells of mice infected with HIV. The protein attached to HIVs' genetic material and prevented it from replicating, resulting in reduced levels of HIV in the bone marrow, spleen, and brain. The study paves the way for the development of novel delivery systems for suppressing HIV.

Researchers study recurrent neural network structure in the brain

A recurrent neural network structure exists in the most important part of the brain -- the frontal cortex -- and this network is less complex than has been thought and mostly unidirectional, new research shows.

Is your child a fussy eater?

New research is providing a better understanding of what influences fussy eaters, and what is more likely to increase or decrease picky eating in children under 10.

Nasal drugs show promise for slowing Parkinson’s disease progression in lab study

Researchers have shown that two lab-developed and nasally-delivered peptides helped slow the spread of alpha-synuclein in mice. 'If these results can be replicated in patients, it would be a remarkable advance in the treatment of devastating neurological disorders,' says the lead author.

Scientists identify new therapeutic target in ovarian cancer subtype with poor prognosis

Mutations in the ARID1A gene are present in more than 50% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC), for which effective treatments are lacking. Scientists discovered that loss of ARID1A function enhances a cellular stress response pathway that promotes survival of cancer cells, which become sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of this pathway.

Health Equity

Systemic health and social inequities have put people from racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk from COVID-19. Take steps to reduce health disparities.

What You Need to Know about Variants

Since November 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) has reported a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases in London and southeast England. This rapid increase in cases has been linked to a different version-or variant-of the virus that causes COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).

Our eyes and brain work together to create a ‘pipeline’ of meaning – new study

Humans read by 'pre-processing' written words to create a pipeline of meaning, according to new research.

Novel method of bioprinting neuron cells

Researchers have developed a new method of bioprinting adult neuron cells. They're using a new laser-assisted technology that maintains high levels of cell viability and functionality.

Darwin’s short-beak enigma solved

Biologists discovered that a mutation in the ROR2 gene is linked to beak size reduction in numerous breeds of domestic pigeons. Surprisingly, different mutations in ROR2 also underlie a human disorder called Robinow syndrome. The ROR2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the craniofacial development of all vertebrates.

Right program could turn immune cells into cancer killers

Cancer-fighting immune cells in patients with lung cancer whose tumors do not respond to immunotherapies appear to be running on a different 'program' that makes them less effective than immune cells in patients whose cancers respond to these immune treatments, suggests a new study.

Mice’s learning skills help researchers pinpointing brain areas where acquired knowledge is stored

Is it a Rembrandt or a Vermeer? For lay people, it is often challenging to distinguish paintings by these two old masters. For the trained eye of an expert, on the other hand, it is not difficult at all. Scientists have now demonstrated that mice can also become experts in sorting images into categories. The study shows that part of the category knowledge is already present in early visual areas, highlighting how widespread such semantic memories are stored throughout the brain.

Antibiotic levels measurable in breath

A team of engineers and biotechnologists has shown in mammals that the concentration of antibiotics in the body can be determined using breath samples. The breath measurements also corresponded to the antibiotic concentrations in the blood. The team's biosensor -- a multiplex chip that allows simultaneous measurement of several specimens and test substances -- will in future enable personalized dosing of medicines against infectious diseases on-site and help to minimize the development of resistant strains of bacteria.

Access to essential cancer medicines unequal across countries

Patients in most countries of the world do not have access to basic cancer medicines, according to new research. Their article asked oncologists worldwide to list the most important cancer medicines and to describe whether patients could access these medicines in their home country.

Scientists find a key to hepatitis C entry into cells

Scientists describe the structure of a key protein on the surface of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and how it interacts with its receptor found on some human cells. The findings provide new leads for developing an HCV vaccine.

Novel assay finds new mechanism underlying red blood cell aging

A multifaceted microfluidic in vitro assay is helping to identify the role of hypoxia on red blood cell aging via the biomechanical pathways. It holds promise for investigating hypoxic effects on the metastatic potential and relevant drug resistance of cancer cells. It also can be a useful tool to predict the mechanical performance of natural and artificial red blood cells for transfusion purposes and to further extend to red blood cells in other blood diseases and other cell types.

Japanese Knotweed extract could cut cancer risk of processed meat

Scientists have developed processed red meat that includes added natural substitutes which reduces the carcinogenic compound nitrite added to preserve meats. The range of sausages and hams had a mixture of plants and fruits added to them which included rosemary, green tea, and resveratrol -- an extract taken from Japanese Knotweed.

Pioneering EEG test could dramatically increase early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s

Researchers have developed a two-minute passive-test, 'Fastball EEG', that measures people's brain waves in response to a series of images and could help expand early dementia diagnosis.

Little research available on the long-term effects of tear gas use

Researchers say more rigorous research is needed to determine the long-term level of safety of tear gas exposure.

Stroke study reveals optimal timing and intensity for arm and hand rehabilitation

A phase II, randomized clinical trial found that the optimal period for intensive rehabilitation of arm and hand use after a stroke should begin 60 to 90 days after the event.

More than 40% of adults with no known heart disease had fatty deposits in heart arteries

More than 40% of middle-aged adults with no known heart disease had signs of atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits that reduce blood flow to the heart, in a study of more than 25,000 adults in Sweden. In more than 5% of the people who had a buildup of fatty deposits, the atherosclerosis narrowed at least one artery by 50% or more. In nearly 2% of the people with artery deposits, the narrowing was so severe that blood flow was obstructed to large portions of the heart.

Diabetes medications linked to glaucoma prevention

Retrospective data from more than 5,000 patients shows that GLP-1R agonists may be protective against the disease.

Meeting sleep recommendations could lead to smarter snacking

Missing out on the recommended seven or more hours of sleep per night could lead to more opportunities to make poorer snacking choices than those made by people who meet shut-eye guidelines, a new study suggests.

Students’ certainty about belonging and their performance in a STEM course reinforce each other – for better or worse

New research shows that belonging insecurity in a STEM course, specifically a first-year chemistry course, can affect a student's midterm scores, which can then feed back into the student's belonging uncertainty. For students in groups that are underrepresented in STEM, there's a danger that such a feedback loop could cause them to decide that science isn't for them, deterring potential scientists from even entering a STEM field.

Lack of trust exacerbates loneliness spiral

Loneliness is a painful feeling. If it persists, it can lead to mental illnesses such as depression or anxiety disorders. Researchers have now discovered how loneliness is associated with reduced trust. This is reflected in changes in the activity and interaction of various brain structures, especially the insular cortex. The results therefore provide clues for therapeutic options.

How pruning the cytoskeleton moves the cell

Cells are characterized to be stable yet highly flexible. They constantly modify their shape and even move through tissue. These vital properties are based on a dynamically organized network of branched actin filaments, which generates pushing forces to move the cell membrane. An interdisciplinary team has now revealed a previously unknown mechanism, explaining how stopping the growth of older actin filaments within the network promotes the formation of new ones, thereby maintaining the structure and function of the cytoskeleton, much like proper pruning of hedges in the garden.

Right light on the mother’s belly may be important to the fetus

There may be a link between exposure to light during pregnancy and fetal brain development. New findings may provide better understanding of certain neurological diseases later in life.

Vaccinated groups who are at highest risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death identified using new QCovid tool

Researchers report new findings on the vaccinated people who are at greatest risk from severe COVID-19 leading to hospitalization or death from 14 days post the second dose vaccination, when substantial immunity should be expected. By updating the QCovid tool, they are able to identify groups more at risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19.

Lessons from how bats resist COVID could inform new treatments in humans

A new paper explores the idea that studying bats' responses to SARS-CoV-2 may provide key insights into how and when to best use existing therapies for COVID-19, and to develop new treatments. The paper is a major review of how the virus that has caused the current pandemic wreaks havoc on the human immune system.

How resistant germs transport toxins at molecular level

In order to counter the increasing threat posed by multi-drug resistant germs, we need to understand how their resistance mechanisms work. Transport proteins have an important role to play in this process. Scientists have now described the three-dimensional structure of transport protein Pdr5, found also in a similar form in pathogenic fungi. The results could help develop mechanisms to combat dangerous pathogens.

Microbial plant bioprocessing – what can we learn from the cow?

The most significant sources of organic waste in South Africa is sugarcane bagasse (5.35 million metric tonnes), invasive plants (11.30 million metric tonnes) and fruit wastes (1.3 billion metric tonnes). Microbiologists from Stellenbosch University are investigation the use of mammalian rumen in the anaerobic digestive process to break down or separate organic waste into its original building blocks, from where it can subsequently be converted into various high-value products -- just as a cow does with processing the tough plant material into the basic building blocks upon which the production of milk is based.

Scientists find a new way to reverse immune suppression in tumors

Malignant tumors can enhance their ability to survive and spread by suppressing anti-tumor immune cells in their vicinity, but a new study has uncovered a new way to counter this immunosuppressive effect.

Information about the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is an mRNA vaccine that requires 2 shots, 21 days apart. Learn about safety data, efficacy, and clinical trial demographics.

Modern simulations could improve MRIs

Rice University engineers improve simulations that analyze gadolinium-based contrast agents used in clinical magnetic resonance imaging. More efficient simulations could help make better compounds for imaging technologies.

Researchers call for a focus on fitness over weight loss for obesity-related health conditions

The prevalence of obesity around the world has tripled over the past 40 years, and, along with that rise, dieting and attempts to lose weight also have soared. But according to a new article, when it comes to getting healthy and reducing mortality risk, increasing physical activity and improving fitness appear to be superior to weight loss. The authors say that employing a weight-neutral approach to the treatment of obesity-related health conditions also reduces the health risks associated with yo-yo dieting.

How university students understand and demonstrate kindness

A small act of kindness can go a long way, especially say researchers, towards bolstering student health and wellness. A new study explores how the inclusion of a kindness assignment in an undergraduate course impacted student perceptions of themselves, their peers and their campus.

Using internet in retirement boosts cognitive function

Scientists have studied the effect of internet usage on cognitive function. Examining more than 2000 retirees from 10 European countries, researchers found that, on average, retirees who used the internet were able to recall 1.22 extra words in a recall test compared to non-internet users (which equates to performing around 8 per cent better in the tests). The effects were more significant in women, with female retirees who used the internet able to recall an additional 2.37 words, than peers who did not go online. Results also showed that retirees who used the internet were more likely to be male, were younger and better educated, and had been retired for less time. They were also found to be in better health - despite drinking and smoking more.

Augmented reality helps tackle fear of spiders

Researchers have developed an augmented reality app for smartphones in order to help people reduce their fear of spiders. The app has already shown itself to be effective in a clinical trial, with subjects experiencing less fear of real spiders after completing just a few training units with the app at home.

Gene for sex hormone synthesis could play key role in eczema

A study led by dermatologists suggests that a common inflammatory skin condition may stem from poorly regulated sex hormones. The finding could offer an unexpected new target to fight this condition.

Meds, surgery may help obesity-related high blood pressure if diet, exercise fall short

Being overweight or having obesity, weight that is higher than what is considered healthy for an individual's height, is a major risk factor for high blood pressure. A healthy diet, more physical activity and less sedentary time are recommended to reduce blood pressure for people who are overweight or have obesity; however, evidence of long-term weight loss and sustained blood pressure reductions from these lifestyle changes is limited. New weight-loss medications and bariatric surgery have shown benefits in both long-term weight loss and improved blood pressure, which can reduce the long-term, negative impact of high blood pressure on organ damage.

Infants exposed to domestic violence have poorer cognitive development

Infants coming from homes with domestic violence often go on to have worse academic outcomes in school due to neurodevelopmental lags and a higher risk for a variety of health issues, including gastrointestinal distress, trouble eating and sleeping, as well as stress and illness.

Discovery highlights the complex lifestyles of frontline immune cells

Researchers have made a surprise discovery about how immune 'sentinel' cells are maintained, which could have implications for drugs in development for treating cancer.

Brain microstructural damage related to cognitive dysfunction and steroid medication in lupus patients

Researchers attempted to unravel such mechanisms by adopting non-invasive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the brains of SLE patients, particularly the white matter, coupled with computerized neuropsychological assessment. White matter lies beneath the grey matter cortex in the human brain and comprises millions of bundles of nerve fibers that transmit signals to different brain regions.

Quarantine and Isolation

Quarantine after possible exposure to COVID-19 and stay home to monitor your health. Isolate when you have been infected with the virus and stay separated from others in your household.

Ancient DNA rewrites early Japanese history -- modern day populations have tripartite genetic origin

Researchers have extracted Ancient DNA from human bones to re-write early Japanese history by underlining that modern day populations in Japan have a tripartite genetic origin -- a finding that refines previously accepted views of a dual genomic ancestry.

Allergies to mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines rare, generally mild, study finds

Allergic reactions to the new mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are rare, typically mild and treatable, and they should not deter people from becoming vaccinated, according to researchers.

Time until dementia symptoms appear can be estimated via brain scan

Researchers have developed an approach to estimating when a person who is at high risk of Alzheimer's dementia but has no cognitive symptoms will start showing signs of cognitive decline. The approach is based on data from a single brain scan, combined with the person's age.

Gut bacteria might be an indicator of colon cancer risk

Researchers are finding a link between the increased presence of certain bacteria in a gut biome and colon cancer.

Faster research through automation: New way to count micronuclei in cells

Researchers have created a novel automated program that accurately and quickly counts micronuclei in stained images. Micronuclei are small nucleus-like structures that are markers of pathologies such as cancer. The development of this automated program will be useful for future research into micronuclei and may aid in the diagnosis and tracking of a range of pathologies.

Treating infertility with drug-delivering microspheres

For an embryo to survive, it must attach to the lining of the uterus within days of conception. However, if this lining, called the endometrium, is too thin, the embryo can't latch on. Now, researchers have developed a new system intended to treat infertility in women with thin endometria. Their tiny, micro-scale particles stimulated blood vessel growth, producing promising results in preliminary experiments in cells and mice.

New microscopy technique reveals activity of one million neurons across the mouse brain

Using light beads microscopy, researchers can now capture images of a vast number of cells across different depths in the brain at high speed, with unprecedented clarity.

More intensive and personalized strategies may be needed for weight loss

Modest weight loss can lead to meaningful risk reduction in adults with obesity. Although both behavioral economic incentives and environmental change strategies have shown promise for initial weight loss, to date their efficacy alone or in combination have not been compared.

What to Expect at Your Appointment to Get Vaccinated for COVID-19

Because COVID-19 is a new disease with new vaccines, you may have questions about what happens before, during, and after your appointment to get vaccinated. These tips will help you know what to expect when you get vaccinated, what information your provider will give you, and resources you can use to monitor your health after you are vaccinated.

When organoids meet coronaviruses

Researchers established an organoid biobank to search for the genes that are essential for the spreading of a SARS-CoV2 infection. Their study highlights the usefulness of organoids for basic research into coronaviruses, as well as highlighting potential drug targets.

Researchers improve optical tissue clearing method to diagnose cancer

The ability to visualize cancerous tumors and metastatic tissue three dimensionally (3D) can help clinicians diagnose the precise type and stage of cancer, while also informing the best treatment methods. To obtain an even clearer tissue for imaging, a research team based in Japan has tested the effectiveness of specialized hydrogels. Acting as a 3D molecular network, these hydrogels can rapidly remove fats from tissues, which are a factor in tissue opacification, without losing their structure. The material is used in several biomedical devices, including contact lenses.

Study findings could provide blueprint for regulating lab-developed diagnostic tests

Diagnostic tests developed in-house in hospital laboratories are not currently regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), unlike those sold by manufacturers. A new study suggests that temporary deviations from FDA policy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic offer a look at what regulation of these tests by the agency might look like. Findings from this study could inform legislation aimed at regulating lab-developed tests.

Are there DBPs in that cup of tea?

Surpassed only by water, tea is the second most consumed beverage worldwide. When boiled tap water is used to brew tea, residual chlorine in the water can react with tea compounds to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Now, researchers measured 60 DBPs in three types of tea, unexpectedly finding lower levels in brewed tea than in tap water. However, they also detected many unknown DBPs with uncertain health effects.

Accessing a COVID-19 Vaccine If You Are Homebound

Steps for accessing a COVID-19 vaccine if you are homebound.

Patients with multiple sclerosis show robust T-cell responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines

New research shows that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are effective at inducing T-cell responses in multiple sclerosis patients who receive B cell-depleting infusions even if their antibody responses are diminished.

COVID-19 virus is evolving to get better at becoming airborne, new study shows

A new study finds that SARS-CoV-2 is evolving toward more efficient aerosol generation, and loose-fitting masks provide significant but only modest source control. Until vaccination rates are very high, continued layered controls, including improved ventilation, increased filtration, UV air sanitation, and tight-fitting masks are critical to protect people in public-facing jobs and indoor spaces, researchers urge.

Changes to workplace cafeteria menus nudge workers to consume fewer calories

A study carried out at 19 workplace cafeterias has shown that reducing portion sizes and replacing higher calorie food and drinks with lower calorie options led to workers buying food and drink with fewer calories. Researchers say that even simple interventions such as these could contribute towards tackling levels of obesity.

'Blue food revolution' to tackle climate change and malnutrition

An unprecedented review of the aquatic foods sector has uncovered how fisheries and aquaculture can play a greater role in delivering healthy diets and more sustainable, equitable and resilient food systems around the world.

Consuming fruit and vegetables and exercising can make you happier

New research led by the University of Kent and University of Reading has found that fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise can increase levels of happiness.

Studies biased toward genomes of people with European ancestry still predict cancer risk in diverse groups, research finds

Data sets that are biased by having too many genomes from people with European ancestry can still be applied to other ancestry groups to predict their risk of developing breast and prostate cancer, researchers report.

Link between inflammation and pancreatic cancer development uncovered

A new study finds that pancreatic cells display an adaptive response to repeated inflammation that initially protects against tissue damage but can promote tumor formation in the presence of mutant KRAS.

Cancer cells’ unexpected genetic tricks for evading the immune system

In a surprising new finding in mice, researchers have discovered that many genes linked to human cancer block the body's natural defense against malignancies.

True behavior of the ‘pleasure molecule’ will reshape how we treat psychiatric diseases and addiction

Discovery shows that dopamine is not a reward molecule at all, calling for revision of textbook facts regarding the hormone's role in the brain.

Researchers explore promising treatment for MRSA 'superbug'

A new study has found the antimicrobial properties of certain stem cell proteins could offer a potential treatment to reduce infection in skin wounds.

Research reveals drug targets for memory enhancement

New research has identified specific drug targets within the neural circuits that encode memories, paving the way for significant advances in the treatment of a broad spectrum of brain disorders.

Parental alienation, partner abuse: Two sides of same coin, says social psychologist

According to a new study, parental alienating behaviors and coercively controlling abuse are similar, and should be treated similarly in family court proceedings.

Strategies for Optimizing Supply of N95 Respirators

Learn how to optimize N95 respirators during COVID-19.

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19

Heart conditions associated with COVID-19 include inflammation and damage to the heart muscle itself, known as myocarditis, or inflammation of the covering of the heart, known as pericarditis.

COVID-19 virus rapidly evolves to higher infectivity during in vitro growth, which may be a step toward lower virulence

Attenuated viral vaccines for rubella, measles, yellow fever and other diseases are widely used. Can a similar vaccine be developed for COVID-19? Researchers have now published a foundational study for that possibility. They asked a simple question: Which mutations predominate when the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is grown in successive generations -- called passages by virologists -- in tissue culture?

Scientists develop 'optimal strategies' computer model that could significantly reduce future COVID-19 infections and deaths

Scientists have developed a predictive computer model that, when tested on real pandemic data, proposed strategies that would have reduced the rate of both COVID-19 infections and deaths by an average of 72 per cent, based on a sample from four countries.

Proteins that outwit emerging and re-emerging viruses

A family of proteins best known for their role in diminishing HIV infectivity may have the goods to outwit other emerging and re-emerging viruses, scientists have found.

Noninvasive eye procedure provides potential pathway for virus, disease carriers

In a new article, scientists explain how tears ejected from the eye during a procedure that tests for glaucoma can theoretically transmit disease.

Saliva test for COVID-19 outperforms commercial swab tests, study shows

The DRUL saliva assay has been shown to be safer, more comfortable, and less expensive than comparable COVID screening tools. Now a new study demonstrates that it is at least as sensitive as swab tests, too.

COVID-19 nasal vaccine candidate effective at preventing disease transmission, study shows

A nasal vaccine candidate for COVID-19 is showing good results in providing durable local immunity against inhaled pathogens.

Heterogeneous development of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome-associated microcephaly

At age two, children who were born with neurological abnormalities due to congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) have a range of neurodevelopmental profiles that can be tracked using a routine neurological assessment, according to a new study.

Using artificial intelligence to predict COVID patients' oxygen needs

Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge along with 20 other hospitals from across the world and healthcare technology leader, NVIDIA, have used artificial intelligence (AI) to predict COVID patients' oxygen needs on a global scale.

DNA researchers develop critical shortcut to detect and identify known and emerging pathogens

Researchers have developed a sophisticated new tool that could help provide early warning of rare and unknown viruses in the environment and identify potentially deadly bacterial pathogens which cause sepsis, among other uses.

Schools and Childcare Programs

Schools & Childcare: Guidance for School Settings

COVID-19 Contact Tracing

COVID-19 Contact Tracing Training Guidance and Resources

Pilot study of diet/exercise in young adults with intellectual disabilities is promising

A pilot study found that young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID) were able to lose or maintain their weight with a system of education and support in place.

Researchers shed new light on molecular mechanisms in brain diseases

Rutgers researchers have discovered some of the first molecular insights into how toxic proteins are regulated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Elevated stress hormones linked to higher risk of high blood pressure and heart events

In a study of more than 400 adults with normal blood pressure, those who had high levels of stress hormones detected in their urine were more likely to develop high blood pressure over the next 6-7 years. Higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol were also linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke.

Study shows protein that reverses aging of skeletal muscle

A research team has shown that a protein named for the mythical land of youth in Irish folklore is effective at reversing aging in skeletal muscle cells.

Science Briefs

CDC is learning more about how COVID-19 spreads and affects people and communities. Learn more by viewing scientific briefs and agendas.

Loggers, landscapers face deadly danger felling trees in forests and urban areas

Tree felling -- whether by professional loggers in a forest setting or by landscapers in urban and rural landscapes -- is the most dangerous job in what are two of the most dangerous industries, according to researchers who conducted a new study of associated deaths.

Probiotic-containing yogurt protects against microbiome changes that lead to antibiotic-induced diarrhea

Eating yogurt containing a particular strain of a well-studied probiotic appears to protect against harmful changes in the gut microbiome that are associated with antibiotic administration.

Protein from the liver may cause Alzheimer's disease in the brain, study finds

Amyloid protein made in the liver can cause neurodegeneration in the brain, according to a new study. Since the protein is thought to be a key contributor to development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the results suggest that the liver may play an important role in the onset or progression of the disease.

Creative exploration followed by exploitation can lead to a career’s greatest hits

By using artificial intelligence to mine big data related to artists, film directors and scientists, researchers have found that years of exploration (studying diverse styles or topics) immediately followed by years of exploitation (focusing on a narrow area to develop deep expertise) can lead to a career's greatest hits.

Researchers identify a novel player in acute myeloid leukemia

A new study has shown that the protein RNF5 plays an unusual role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Unlike its expected role, marking aberrant proteins for destruction, RNF5 binds with a second cell protein called RBBP4 to control expression of genes implicated in AML. These findings have important implications for improving AML patient outcomes.

Men may sleep worse on nights during the first half of the lunar cycle

Men's sleep may be more powerfully influenced by the lunar cycle than women's, according to a new study.

Uncertainty on climate change in textbooks linked to uncertainty in students

A new study suggests textbook wording that portrays climate change information as uncertain can influence how middle and high school students feel about the information, even for students who say they already know about climate change and its human causes.

Cholesterol drives Alzheimer’s plaque formation

The new findings offer important insights into how and why the plaques form and may explain why genes associated with cholesterol have been linked to increased risk for Alzheimer's.

Toolkit for Responding to COVID-19 Cases

Toolkit for K-12 school administrators with resources for responding to COVID-19 cases

Overview of COVID-19 Isolation for K-12 Schools

Information about isolating for COVID-19 in K-12 Schools

Overview of COVID-19 Quarantine for K-12 Schools

Information about COVID-19 quarantine for K-12 schools

Long-term benefit of SABR for operable early-stage NSCLC shown in new study

A new study showed that stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) was as effective as surgery at providing long-term benefits to patients with operable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and generated minimal side effects. The study is the first of its kind to compare long-term results of SABR against surgical treatment in patients with operable early-stage NSCLC.

Study describes new procedure that successfully treated patients with congenital intestinal malrotation

A new study has introduced a new surgical procedure to treat both children and adults with congenital intestinal malrotation, an inherited disorder that can cause the intestines to twist. The study also defines the disease presentation in both children and adults, identifies the patients at risk of intestinal loss, and assesses the long-term outcomes after different surgical interventions.

Scientists explore the creation of artificial organelles

Scientists explore the creation of artificial organelles. Artificial organelles generated from Exosome fusion can function as energy reserves in the damaged tissues.

Responding to COVID-19 Cases in K-12 Schools: Resources for School Administrators

A guide for school administrators on how to address COVID-19 cases in schools.

A possible new pathway for treating epileptic seizures in patients with autism

Researchers have discovered that in Nav1.2 deficient neurons, the expressions of many potassium channels are surprisingly reduced. The Nav1.2 deficiency itself doesn't cause seizures; the issue arises when the potassium channels over-compensate for the sodium channels' deficiency by shutting down too many potassium channels, making the neuron hyperexcitable, which causes seizures.

Hysterectomy can be avoided for common gynecological condition

Adenomyosis -- an abnormal tissue growth into the muscular wall of the uterus that causes painful cramps and heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding -- is more common than generally appreciated, a review of the literature by gynecologists revealed.

Physical distance may not be enough to prevent viral aerosol exposure indoors

Eighteen months ago, stickers began to dot the floors of most shops, spaced about six feet apart, indicating the physical distance required to avoid the COVID-19 virus an infected person may shed when breathing or speaking. But is the distance enough to help avoid infectious aerosols?

COVID-19 antibodies persist, reduce reinfection risk for up to six months, study finds

Most patients with mild COVID-19 infections produce antibodies that persist and protect them from reinfection for up to six months, a new study found. The antibodies' ability to neutralize COVID-19 did not differ significantly from the first visit, which occurred three months after infection, to the second visit at the six-month mark.

Who’s in cognitive control?

A new study into cognitive control promises to be the first of many aimed at understanding its origins in the brain and its variations between people and among groups.

Memory killer T cells are primed in the spleen during influenza infection

CD8+ T cells -- known as "killer" T cells -- are the assassins of the immune system. Once they are primed, they seek out and destroy other cells that are infected with virus or cells that are cancerous. Priming involves dendritic cells -- sentinels of the immune system. In an influenza infection in the lungs, for example, lung-migratory dendritic cells capture a piece of the viral antigen, and then migrate out of the lung to the place where naïve T cells reside, to present that antigen to the CD8+ T cells. This primes the T cells to know which cells to attack. The place for the priming in influenza had long been thought to be restricted to a single anatomical site -- the lung-draining, mediastinal lymph nodes that lie between the lungs and the spine. This lymph node-centric paradigm now has been challenged.

Duration of Isolation and Precautions for Adults with COVID-19

This guidance outlines key considerations for states and healthcare systems to consider strategies for transferring patients, staff, and supplies between health facilities to optimize patient care, balance resources, and minimize use of crisis care standards. One option is the identification of relief healthcare facilities and establishing or coordinating with existing federal, state, or regional Medical Operation Coordination Cells (MOCC). The implementation of the elements highlighted in this guidance can be found in the Federal MOCC Toolkit reference throughout.

Study links severe COVID-19 to increase in self-attacking antibodies

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are substantially more likely to harbor autoantibodies --antibodies directed at their own tissues or at substances their immune cells secrete into the blood -- than people without COVID-19, according to a new study.

AI can make better clinical decisions than humans: Study

Researchers find that machine-learning algorithms can identify effective behavioral, educational, and psychological interventions more accurately than professionals can.

Researchers show a little radiation goes a long way in heating up cold tumors

A new conducted in both mice and a small group of patients with advanced cancers has shown that so-called 'cold' tumors that are nearly devoid of immune cells -- and therefore unresponsive to immunotherapy -- can be turned 'hot' with extremely low doses of radiation and the rational use of existing therapies.

Hormonal hazard: Chemicals used in paints and plastics can promote breast tumor growth

The increasing use of photoinitiators, especially in medical settings, has raised concerns about their adverse effects on human health. Now, scientists have shown that three photoinitiators -- 1-HCHPK, MBB, and MTMP -- show estrogen-like activity in mice and increase the growth of breast cancer tumors in these animals. Their results warn against the use of such chemicals in medical instruments like containers and call for the prompt development of safer alternatives.

Communication Resources

Provides guidance documents, communications resources, and other communication tools for regarding COVID-19.

Signs of dementia are written in the blood, reveals new study

Scientists have identified metabolic compounds within the blood that are associated with dementia. The study revealed that the levels of 33 metabolites differed in patients with dementia, compared to elderly people with no existing health conditions. Their findings could one day aid diagnosis and treatment of dementia.

Interim Guidance for Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2

Proper interpretation of antigen test results is important for accurate clinical management of patients with suspected COVID-19. This guidance can help healthcare providers make the most effective use of antigen tests in different situations.

Researchers find evidence of possible link between herpes simplex and neurogenerative diseases

In a 'first of its kind' study, researchers found a potential direct connection between neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), glaucoma, and the herpesvirus.

Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of Eye Protection

Purpose: This document offers a series of strategies or options to optimize supplies of eye protection in healthcare settings when there is limited supply. It does not address other aspects of pandemic planning; for those, healthcare facilities can refer to COVID-19 preparedness plans.

Scientists claim that overeating is not the primary cause of obesity

A perspective article challenges the 'energy balance model,' which says weight gain occurs because individuals consume more energy than they expend. According to the authors, 'conceptualizing obesity as a disorder of energy balance restates a principle of physics without considering the biological mechanisms underlying weight gain.' The authors argue for the 'carbohydrate insulin model,' which explains obesity as a metabolic disorder driven by what we eat, rather than how much. *Public health messaging exhorting people to eat less and exercise more has failed to stem rising rates of obesity and obesity-related diseases. *The energy balance model, which says weight gain is caused by consuming more energy than we expend, "restates a principle of physics without considering the biological mechanisms driving weight gain." *The carbohydrate-insulin model makes a bold claim: overeating doesn't cause obesity; the process of getting fat causes overeating. *The current obesity epidemic is due, in part, to hormonal responses to changes in food quality: in particular, high-glycemic load foods, which fundamentally change metabolism. *Focusing on what we eat rather than how much we eat is a better strategy for weight management.

Using Antibody Tests for COVID-19

CDC has developed interim guidance for how healthcare providers, laboratories, and public health staff should use antibody tests. This guidance also has advice useful for people taking antibody tests, employers, healthcare workers, and people operating group residential facilities.

New method enables 3D microscopy of human organs

Researchers have now demonstrated a method by which specific cell types in human organs can be studied with micrometer precision. The method can be used to reveal previously unrecognized alterations in the pancreas, but it can also be used to study other human organs and diseases.

Engineers grow pancreatic 'organoids' that mimic the real thing

Engineers developed a way to grow tiny replicas of the pancreas, using either healthy or cancerous pancreatic cells. Their models could help researchers develop and test potential drugs for pancreatic cancer.

Socio-economic status of children can influence microorganisms in their digestive tract

Findings suggest that a family's socio-economic status (SES) may influence children's composition of gut microbiome -- the mix of microscopic organisms within the digestive tract. SES includes economic resources such as education, income and occupation, and are reflected in living conditions, nutrition and psychosocial stress, according to the study, which focused on the education levels of mothers and fathers.

Major branches in the tree of language reconstructed

A team of researchers is using a novel technique to comb through the data and to reconstruct major branches in the linguistic tree.

Screen time only mildly linked to behavioral problems, but may have social benefits

School-aged children who spend more time in front of screens are only slightly more likely to have attention disorders, disturbed sleep or lower grades and are no more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, they tend to have more close friends.

Southern Border Toolkit for Partners

CDC created this airline toolkit for airlines that are educating/informing travelers and crew about COVID-19.

Understanding Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines

Viral vector vaccines are safe and effective. They use a modified, harmless virus to deliver instructions to our cells that trigger an immune response.

The mystery of the flexible shell

An international research team with participation of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has revealed a secret about a marine animal's shell: The researchers have deciphered why the protective cover of the brachiopod Discinisca tenuis becomes extremely soft in water and gets hard again in the air. The study appears today in the journal Nature Communications.

Platelets key to blood vessel damage in COVID-19 patients

Abnormal crosstalk between blood platelets and cells lining blood vessels is one cause of deadly organ damage in patients with severe COVID-19, a new study finds.

Diet may affect risk and severity of COVID-19

A healthy plant-based diet was linked to a lower risk of getting COVID-19, and among people with COVID-19, a lower risk of experiencing severe symptoms.

Researchers observed association between standing and insulin sensitivity – standing more may help prevent chronic diseases

Insulin is a key hormone in energy metabolism and blood sugar regulation. Normal insulin function in the body may be disturbed by e.g. overweight, leading to decreased insulin sensitivity and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Researchers have noticed that standing is associated with better insulin sensitivity. Increasing the daily standing time may therefore help prevent chronic diseases.

Impaired T cell function precedes loss of natural HIV control

A small subset of people, known as controllers, are able to suppress HIV naturally, without the need for medication. A small percentage of controllers ultimately lose the ability to suppress the virus. Researchers have found that aborted control is likely due to HIV-specific T cells losing the ability to replicate and kill infected cells, which can happen years before.

Decreased mortality for patients with complex aortic aneurysms treated by fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair

A recent study revealed that endovascular repair of complex aortic aneurysms using fenestrated and branched endografts provides a safe and effective alternative to open surgical repair, with the lowest ever reported mortality rate in this patient population, according to researchers.

Free radicals linked to heart damage caused by cancer

A new study in animal models shows that the presence of a cancer tumor alone can lead to cardiac damage, and suggests the culprits are molecules called free radicals interacting with specific cells in the heart. Adding specific types of antioxidants to food consumed by fruit flies with tumors reversed the damage to their hearts -- a finding suggesting that harm caused by free radicals was the likely link between cancer and cardiac dysfunction.

Mothers’ diabetes may induce premature aging of neural tissue leading to birth defects

About 300,000 to 400,000 fetuses per year from mothers with diabetes develop neural tube defects -- when the tissue that eventually forms the brain and spinal cord fails to form properly -- which can lead to miscarriage or profound disability. Now using studies in mice, researchers have identified the mechanism behind these structural birth defects, which they say is due to the neural tissue aging prematurely, halting its growth before it has made enough cells to finish forming the neural tube.

Smart dental implants

Researchers are developing a smart dental implant that resists bacterial growth and generates its own electricity through chewing and brushing to power a tissue-rejuvenating light. The innovation could extend the usable life of an implant.

Newly developed software unveils relationships between RNA modifications and cancers

Researchers have developed a software called ModTect that can help reveal the relationships between RNA modifications and the development of diseases and disorders. Their work highlights the potential of using RNA modifications as biomarkers to test for diseases.

Limiting screen time for young adults after concussion results in shorter duration of symptoms

Newly published research shows that young adults who limited screen time for 48 hours immediately after suffering a concussion had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms than those who were permitted screen time.

What the brain shows: The benefits of virtual reality in creative arts therapies

Researchers examined the differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation between two distinct drawing tasks in virtual reality. Results of the study indicated significant differences between a rote tracing task and a creative self-expression task, with the rote tracing task showing an increase in PFC activity. It also showed there was reduced PFC activation for creative self-expressive tasks, indicating a possible relaxation response.

People with Parkinson's may benefit from seven walking strategies

Various strategies can help people with Parkinson's who have difficulty walking, but a new study finds that many people have never heard of or tried these strategies. The study also found that how well different compensation strategies worked depended on the context in which they were used, such as indoors versus outdoors, under time pressure or not.

No serious COVID-19 vaccine side effects in breastfeeding moms, infants, study finds

Researchers found that breastfeeding mothers who received either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccination reported the same local or systemic symptoms as what has been previously reported in non-breastfeeding women, with no serious side effects in the breastfed infants.

Forest fires linked to tens of thousands of avoidable deaths

Setting fire to forest and agricultural land in Southeast Asia to prepare it for cultivation or grazing causes air pollution that is contributing to an estimated 59,000 premature deaths a year, according to a new study.

New information on the early stages of dementia with Lewy bodies

Results from a new study reinforce the notion that dementia with Lewy bodies can be pathologically classified into two different disease types.

Impaired immune response may cause bone resorption in patients with genetic disorder

Researchers have determined that enhanced bone resorption activity due to a faulty immune response may underpin multifocal osteomyelitis -- painful, chronic bone infections -- in children with MSMD, a rare genetic condition resulting from a range of immune system mutations.

Zoning policies that boost affordable housing: Good for the heart?

Inclusionary zoning policies that increase the supply of affordable housing may be good for the heart, according to new research. The study notes that such zoning programs were associated with lower rates of heart disease.

New study on COVID-19 vaccinations in the largest US cities finds stark inequities

In a study of the nine largest U.S. cities, researchers found stark racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequities in COVID-19 vaccination rates across neighborhoods. The study showed that high vaccination neighborhoods had more white residents, fewer people of color, higher incomes, and lower poverty rates. These high vaccination neighborhoods also had lower historical COVID-19 death rates, showing that lifesaving vaccines have been slow to reach the areas that were hardest-hit by the pandemic.

Learning by doing: How the brain's motor system can support vocabulary learning

Neuroscientists present new findings on how the motor cortex can help learn foreign vocabulary more quickly. The new data suggests that learning techniques that involve the performance of gestures instead of simple audio or visual information can benefit learners.

Behind the scenes, brain circuit ensures vision remains reliable

As mice watched movies, neuroscientists watched their brains to see how vision could be represented reliably. The answer is that consistency in representation is governed by a circuit of inhibitory neurons.

Firefighter exposure to wildfire smoke compounds varies, depending on duties

Every summer, wildfires rage across the western U.S., and wildland firefighters are tasked with putting them out. But in the process, they inhale smoke and all the compounds in it, which can be harmful at high amounts. Now, researchers have evaluated the presence of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) around firefighters actively combating blazes, finding the highest exposures among hotshot crews and those creating firebreaks.

Why do people with diabetes develop severe COVID-19?

The enzyme SETDB2 is implicated in the development of runaway inflammation characteristic of severe COVID-19 in patients with diabetes who are infected with coronavirus.

Optical techniques offer fast, efficient COVID-19 detection

Without the prospect of herd immunity on the immediate horizon, speedy detection for COVID-19 remains imperative for helping to curb the pandemic. Point-of-care testing that can provide immediate results is an urgent need. Researchers investigated the opportunities and challenges in developing rapid COVID-19 sensing techniques and discuss the prospects of optical biosensors for point-of-care COVID-19 testing.

New QIBA profile for knee cartilage MRI

New recommendations will help provide more reliable, reproducible results for MRI-based measurements of cartilage degeneration in the knee, helping to slow down disease and prevent progression to irreversible osteoarthritis.

Massage stones help scientists uncover role of prefrontal cortex in sensory perception

An image of a beautiful beach conjures up certain sensations -- one can imagine the sun's warmth and the sound of waves breaking on the shore. But how is it that the brain produces these impressions when someone isn't actually standing on a beach? Using massage stones, pictures of sunny beaches and snowy landscapes, and sounds of noisy cities and quiet forests, research suggests the prefrontal cortex generalizes perceptual experiences from information received through different senses.

Disease genes help developing brains

If the cerebral hemispheres of the forebrain fail to divide properly in an unborn child, this results in holoprosencephaly. A team has discovered candidate genes that can positively influence the severity of this congenital malformation of the forebrain.

Office air quality may affect employees’ cognition, productivity

The air quality within an office can have significant impacts on employees' cognitive function, including response times and ability to focus, and it may also affect their productivity, according to new research.

Good sleep-time recovery is associated with a healthier diet and lower alcohol consumption

Good sleep-time recovery is associated with a health-promoting diet and health-promoting eating habits, as well as with lower consumption of alcohol, according to a new study investigating psychological and physiological well-being among working-age Finnish adults.

Nanofiber face masks improve filtration efficiency, need replacing more often

Innovations to improve mask efficacy, with increasing focus on nanofiber manufacturing, have resulted in higher filtration efficiency, greater comfort, and easier breathing capacity. However, the effects of microwater droplets on the integrity of nanofibers are relatively unclear. Researchers examine these ambiguities through a visualization of nanofibers interacting with water aerosol exposure. They used high-speed microscopic videos to systematically visualize the evolution of nanofibers with different contact angles, diameters, and mesh sizes under water aerosol exposure.

Food science meets cell science in bid to explain inner workings of membrane-free cell compartments

Researchers report that food science principles have helped them determine how unusual droplets within cells stay organized and avoid dissolving into the rest of the cell's gelatinous interior.

Types of Masks

Masks help stop the spread of COVID-19 to others. Find out how to wear, clean, and make masks.

Caring for People with Post-COVID Conditions

People with post-COVID conditions and those who support them can find ways to help, ways to cope with stress, and additional resources and support groups.

Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Nursing Homes

Guidance for nursing homes and other long-term care facilities to take steps to assess and improve their preparedness for responding to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

Guidance for healthcare professionals who have the potential for direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious materials.

Preventing the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury

Researchers have identified a specific molecule in a part of the brain called the thalamus that plays a key role in secondary effects of traumatic brain injury, such as sleep disruption, epileptic activity, and inflammation. They also showed that an antibody treatment could prevent the development of these negative outcomes.

How serotonin curbs cocaine addiction

Contrary to common thinking, cocaine triggers an addiction only in 20% of the consumers. But what happens in their brains when they lose control of their consumption? Thanks to a recent experimental method, neuroscientists have revealed a brain mechanism specific to cocaine, which has the particularity of triggering a massive increase in serotonin in addition to the increase in dopamine common to all drugs. Indeed, serotonin acts as an intrinsic brake on the overexcitement of the reward system elicited by dopamine, the neurotransmitter that causes addiction.

Too much free time may be almost as bad as too little

As an individual's free time increases, so does that person's sense of well-being -- but only up to a point. Too much free time can be also be a bad thing, according to new research.

Link between ADHD and dementia across generations

A large study has found a link between ADHD and dementia across generations. The study shows that parents and grandparents of individuals with ADHD were at higher risk of dementia than those with children and grandchildren without ADHD.

Think bad news before it's delivered, new research suggests

Psychologists have known there's value in finding a 'silver lining,' in coaxing oneself through bad news. But there has been little consideration of whether there's a benefit to looking for those upsides in bad news before the news arrives.

These fridge-free COVID-19 vaccines are grown in plants and bacteria

Nanoengineers have developed COVID-19 vaccine candidates that can take the heat. Their key ingredients? Viruses from plants or bacteria.

High fat diets break the body clock in rats, and this might be the underlying cause of obesity

When rats are fed a high fat diet, this disturbs the body clock in their brain that normally controls satiety, leading to over-eating and obesity, according to new research.

Steps per day matter in middle age, but not as many as you may think

Walking at least 7,000 steps a day reduced middle-aged people's risk of premature death from all causes by 50% to 70%, compared to that of other middle-aged people who took fewer daily steps.

Research uncovers new mechanism that promotes wound healing in skin

A study identifies a new molecular pathway that promotes the healing of wounds in the skin.

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

CDC's Role in Tracking Variants

Variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in the U.S. and around the world. Learn about surveillance methods CDC uses to keep track of variants.

COVID-19 Vaccine Equity for Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups

Vaccine equity and addressing vaccine disparities among racial and ethnic minority groups

COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Age

Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death by age group

COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity

Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death by race/ethnicity

Your COVID-19 Vaccination

How to get a vaccine, what you need to know before your appointment, and what you can do when you are fully vaccinated.

Emoji are proposed as a powerful way for patients and doctors to communicate

Emoji could particularly enhance interaction with young children, people with disabilities, and patients who speak other languages, a physician and others argue in a new commentary. The opportunity exists for medical societies and physician committees to proactively shape emoji that best represent their fields, then work with the standards-setting body for emoji to get them approved and put into practice.

New research shows a link between cell identities and childhood cancer type neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a type of childhood cancer that develops in infants and young children. Whilst it is a relatively rare form of cancer, it is still responsible for approximately 15 percent of all cancer deaths in children. Researchers have discovered that low-risk and high-risk neuroblastoma have different cell identities, which can affect the survival rate.

Dental implant surfaces play major role in tissue attachment, warding off unwanted bacteria

The surface of implants, as well as other medical devices, plays a significant role in the adsorption of oral proteins and the colonization by unwanted microorganisms (a process known as biofouling), according to a new study.

Workplaces and Businesses

Workplaces and Businesses

Social Media Toolkit: COVID-19 Vaccinations

Messages and graphics to support COVID-19 vaccination efforts.

Developing Vaccines Quickly

A description of how COVID-19 vaccines were developed, tested, authorized, and distributed quickly while maintaining the same high safety standards required for all vaccines.

Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

CDC and its partners are monitoring reports of myocarditis and pericarditis. CDC continues to recommend COVID-19 vaccination for everyone 12 years of age and older.

Operational Considerations for Immunization Services during COVID-19 in Non-US Settings Focusing on Low-Middle Income Countries

Learn COVID-19 operational considerations to implement immunization services in non-US countries with low or middle incomes.

Global Clinical Mitigation

Strategies to ensure adequate provision of care for mildly to moderately ill COVID-19 patients, and delivery of other non-COVID-19 essential health services during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Patient Tips: Healthcare Provider Appointments for Post-COVID Conditions

The Post-COVID Conditions Healthcare Provider Appointment Tips webpage includes educational tools to help patients, their families, and caregivers manage their healthcare provider appointments for post-COVID Conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Most confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported from China have occurred in adults.

Scientists grow miniature brains that mimic the major pathological features of Parkinson’s disease

Recreating major pathological features of Parkinson's disease in a lab-grown, human mini-brain will help researchers to explore new treatments. This is the first time that Lewy bodies, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease in patients' brains, have been produced in the laboratory, offering new insights into the disease.

Previous COVID-19 Forecasts: Hospitalizations

Learn about COVID-19 forecasts and modeling for new hospitalizations.

Surroundings affect rhythm of an individual’s walk, according to new study

Stepping patterns become slower and more variable if a person is uncomfortable with their surroundings, researchers have found.

New study puts focus on early symptoms of Huntington’s disease

Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms emerge at an early stage in Huntington's disease. However, research so far has mainly focused on movement impairment, a symptom associated with the more advanced stages of the disease. A new study now shows that the emotional brain - the limbic system - is affected earlier in the course of the disease, and should therefore be given more attention in the development of new treatments.

Chemotherapy drug puts young children with cancer at high risk of hearing loss

A chemotherapy drug known to cause hearing loss in children is more likely to do so the earlier in life children receive it, new UBC research has found. Cisplatin is a life-saving treatment for many children with cancer, but the study shows that the hearing of very young children is impacted early during treatment and is affected to a greater extent than that of older children.

Ethnic studies increases student engagement and high school graduation

New research shows that enrolling 9th graders who are struggling academically in an ethnic studies course greatly improves the likelihood those students will graduate from high school and enroll in college.

Schizophrenia study suggests advanced genetic scorecard cannot predict a patient’s fate

Researchers found that a tool commonly used in research for evaluating a person's genetic risk for a disease, called a polygenic risk score, was no better at predicting the outcome of a schizophrenia patient's disease over time than written reports. The results raise important questions about the use of polygenic risk scores in real-world, clinical situations, and also suggest that a doctor's written report may be an untapped source of predictive information.

Avocados change belly fat distribution in women, controlled study finds

An avocado a day could help redistribute belly fat in women toward a healthier profile, according to a new study. One hundred and five adults with overweight and obesity participated in a randomized controlled trial that provided one meal a day for 12 weeks. Women who consumed avocado as part of their daily meal had a reduction in deeper visceral abdominal fat.