How obesity damages the skeletal muscle metabolism

A decline in metabolism and endurance of skeletal muscle is commonly observed in obese patients, but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. A research team uncovers a new mechanism to explain how obesity jeopardizes the functions of skeletal muscle and provides a potential treatment against the disease.

Getting the most therapeutic potential out of cells

A simple change in the way donor cells are processed can maximize a single cell's production of extracellular vesicles, which are small nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, according to new research.

Scientists discover potential cause of Alzheimer’s Disease

In people with brain buildups, a key but difficult-to-detect difference in the form of tau protein allows scientists to distinguish people showing no outward signs of dementia from those who do.

Study reveals a protein’s key contribution to heterogeneity of neurons

Tomosyn's tight regulation of neurotransmitter release distinguishes functions of two neuron classes at the fly neuromuscular junction, incluiding their ability to engage in a form of plasticity

Method to reveal undesired biological effects of chemicals

How do pollutants and other chemicals that we are exposed to affect our health? Researchers have applied a method to identify the proteins in the body affected by chemicals. The method can be used to discover at an early stage whether a substance has biological effects in an organism.

This is how the superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa reacts to antibiotics

The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to all antibiotics on the market. Therefore, there is a great need for new therapeutic approaches. In order to find them, it helps to understand how the germ reacts to active substances.

Study links increasing air pollution to the rise of a type of lung cancer

An international team of scientists has linked increased air pollution to an uptick in cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) worldwide. The same study also concluded an overall lower consumption of tobacco worldwide is statistically linked to less people contracting lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Statin use affects prostate cancer screening results

Prostate cancer screening results differ in men taking cholesterol-lowering statin drugs compared with non-users, a study finds. In statin users, screening did not increase the incidence of prostate cancer as it did in other men.

Breakthrough in understanding motor neuron disease

Researchers have made a major discovery in understanding motor neuron disease (MND). The research team has found that MND has 4 distinct patterns of changes in electrical signals that can be identified using EEG (electroencephalography).

First study of its kind to investigate a high priority but little known pathogen found in Irish hospitals

By understanding the epidemiology and population biology of a significant and high-priority pathogen, Enteroccocus faecium (E. faecium) in Irish hospitals, researchers are providing the evidence base for more effective surveillance, and infection and prevention control strategies aimed at minimizing the spread of the antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Role of disordered protein interactions in gene expression

Researchers reveal a novel mechanism that coordinates the assembly of components inside cells that control gene expression.

Antibodies mimicking the virus may explain long haul COVID-19, rare vaccine side effects, study suggests

A new article suggests that secondary antibodies known as 'anti-idiotype antibodies' could be responsible for some of the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and the symptoms of long-haul COVID.

Study finds brain lesions on MRI linked to years of playing football

Certain markers of injury to the brain's white matter, called white matter hyperintensities, can be seen on brain scans. A new study finds that brain scans taken during the lifetimes of athletes in contact sports, compared to changes in their brains at autopsy, showed that white matter hyperintensities were associated with neuropathological changes.

Artificial intelligence that understands object relationships

Researchers developed a machine learning model that understands the underlying relationships between objects in a scene and can generate accurate images of scenes from text descriptions.

Scientists produce new antibiotics by gene editing

Scientists have discovered a new route to produce complex antibiotics exploiting gene editing to re-program pathways to future medicines urgently required to combat antimicrobial resistance, treat neglected diseases and prevent future pandemics.

New findings on bacteria that increase risk of pancreatic cancer

Bacteria from the digestive system seem to have the potential to cause damage to pancreatic cells, increasing the risk of malignant tumors. Now for the first time, live bacteria from cystic pancreatic lesions that are precursors to pancreatic cancer, have been analyzed by researchers. The study can lead to prophylactic interventions using local antibiotics.

Global HIV viral suppression rates too low among children and adolescents

An analysis in the lead up to World AIDS Day reveals that HIV is 'virally suppressed' in only 59 per cent of children and adolescents on treatment.

Synthetic tissue can repair hearts, muscles, and vocal cords

Combining knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, scientists from McGill University develop a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords, representing a major advance in regenerative medicine.

Researchers find new link between a disrupted body clock and inflammatory diseases

New research has demonstrated the significant role that an irregular body clock plays in driving inflammation in the body's immune cells, with implications for the most serious and prevalent diseases in humans.

Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines

Learn the key things you need to know about the new COVID-19 vaccines.

Experimental compound counters diabetic complications

An experimental compound reduced complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in mice -- not by lowering blood sugar -- but by countering its consequences, a new study finds.

Those that game together, stay together

Play is important for the development of complex social, emotional, physical, and cognitive skills. Play provides young individuals with a safe space to practice new behaviors without grave repercussions. While most animals engage in play, only humans engage in rule-based games. Which kinds of games people play -- competitive or cooperative -- may depend on their cultural background. In a new study, researchers screened historical data to answer the question whether cultures play games that correspond to how cooperative they are.

Study looks at brain flow, and how people achieve it

Flow is said to be good for our well-being -- and there is evidence that it can ward off depression, prevent burnout and make us more resilient. We seek it out, but we don't understand how the brain enables flow very well.

Scientists find SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Cambodian bats from 2010

Scientists have identified coronaviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 from two bats sampled in Cambodia more than a decade ago.

Research sheds new light on effects of dietary restriction

New research in the tiny nematode worm, C. elegans, has revealed that muscle may be a protected tissue under conditions of dietary restriction.

Neurobiologists reveal how value decisions are coded into our brains

A new study is showing how value choices are recorded in our brains. Researchers found that persistency allows value signals to be most effectively represented, or 'coded,' across different areas of the brain, especially in a critical area within the cerebrum known as the retrosplenial cortex.

New method gives rapid, objective insight into how cells are changed by disease

A new 'image analysis pipeline' is giving scientists rapid new insight into how disease or injury have changed the body, down to the individual cell. It's called TDAExplore, which takes the detailed imaging provided by microscopy, pairs it with a hot area of mathematics called topology, which provides insight on how things are arranged, and the analytical power of artificial intelligence to give, for example, a new perspective on changes in a cell resulting from ALS and where in the cell they happen, according to a cell biologist involved with the study.

New details behind how the Shigella pathogen delivers bacterial proteins into our cells

Scientists have advanced knowledge about how two proteins fit together to form a pore that Shigella uses to invade intestinal cells. Targeting these proteins could hamper infection by this bacterial pathogen.

Is the relationship between diet, intestinal bacteria and cells key to preventing systemic inflammation?

Mice fed a diet high in fat, cholesterol and calories, akin to the Western diet, had higher measures of blood lipids associated with elevated levels of inflammation, a new study finds.

Severe COVID-19 patients suffer alterations on their tissue microcirculation, study finds

Researchers report that severe COVID-19 patients have alterations in their microcirculation associated with the degree of severity of the disease. The results suggest that there is significant endothelial impairment.

Two-meter COVID-19 rule is 'arbitrary measurement' of safety

A new study has shown that the airborne transmission of COVID-19 is highly random and suggests that the two-metre rule was a number chosen from a risk 'continuum', rather than any concrete measurement of safety.

Hepatitis drug increases antibiotic potency, limits antibiotic resistance, study finds

A cellular study of telaprevir shows that the antiviral blocks the function of essential proteins in bacteria, revealing opportunity to repurpose drug to use alongside antibiotics.

Athletes need thorough tests after long COVID, study finds

Athletes returning to training following long COVID should undergo a series of tests and seek regular advice from a multi-disciplinary team of specialists to ensure they are fit to resume exercise, according to a new study.

Social stress key to population's rate of COVID-19 infection, study finds

Mathematicians have analysed global COVID-19 data to identify two constants which can drastically change a country's rate of infection.

Reboot and recall: New brain hub for memory restoration identified

Researchers now show that stimulation of the anterior thalamus increases memory-related brain activity and restores memory function in rats with mammillothalamic tract (MTT) lesions. Their findings suggest that therapies involving targeted stimulation of the anterior thalamus could help with memory restoration in patients with brain injury.

Drivers pick, rub and scratch their faces nearly 30 times an hour, study finds

New research has found that drivers touch their face 26 times an hour on average, potentially spreading germs and infection, if handwashing is inadequate.

Virtual reality tool to be used in the fight against disease

Science has the technology to measure the activity of every gene within a single individual cell, and just one experiment can generate thousands of cells worth of data. Researchers have now revolutionized the way this data is analyzed -- by using 3D video gaming technology.

Parallels in human, dog oral tumors could speed new therapies

Recent research compared the genetic expression profiles of a nonlethal canine tumor and the rare, devastating human oral tumor it resembles, laying the groundwork for potential translational medicine down the road.

Potential new therapeutic pathway to clear chronic viral infections

A recent study in mice has uncovered that during chronic viral infection, a protein called BMI-1 gets turned on too early in B cells and messes up the delicate balance of gene expression, resulting in antibodies that are unsuccessful in their endeavor to clear the virus from the body.

Farmers spread Transeurasian languages

New research provides interdisciplinary support for the 'Farming Hypothesis' of language dispersal, tracing Transeurasian languages back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia beginning in the Early Neolithic -- roughly between 8-10 thousand years ago.

Find out if you can board a flight to the United States

Answer a few questions to find out what is required to board a flight to the United States.

COVID-19 Vaccines for Older Adults

The risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases with age, which is why the CDC recommends older adults receive COVID-19 vaccines.

Spicy breast milk?

In part of a recent human study led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM), it was found that after eating a curry dish containing pepper, piperine - an alkaloid responsible for the pungency of pepper - was present in the milk of breastfeeding women. The findings help decipher mechanisms that shape our food preferences from infancy.

How can our brain still perceive familiar objects even when they become indistinct?

Researchers have explored the brain neuronal mechanism that allows the perception of familiar images even if they are indistinct. They found that the number of neurons responding to low-contrast rather than high-contrast visual stimuli increased in rats performing a visual orientation discrimination task after repeated experiences. These neurons showed stronger activities in correct-choice than incorrect-choice trials. These neurons efficiently represented low-contrast stimulations. Thus, the low-contrast preference in V1 activity may contribute to improved low-contrast visual. discrimination.

SARS-CoV-2 infection hijacks key cellular process, autophagy researchers discover

Novel autophagy research traces new mammalian pathways and reveals unexpected impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

COVID-19 testing kits also can measure oral microbiome in saliva

COVID-19 saliva testing kits that include a novel preservative can also be used measure microscopic organisms in the mouth, a new study has found. This enables study of the relationship between mouth and lung microbes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus that may allow for the development of new treatments.

COVID-19 Vaccination for Essential Workers

The CDC recommends essential workers be included among those offered the first supply of COVID-19 vaccines.

COVID-19 Vaccines for People with Underlying Medical Conditions

If you have an underlying medical condition, this can help you make an informed decision about getting a COVID-19 vaccination.

International Travel During COVID-19

There are several things to consider when deciding whether it is safe for you to travel in the United States. This includes the following: is COVID-19 spreading where you're going, will you be in close contact with others, are you at higher risk of severe illness if you do get COVID-19, do you have a plan for taking time off from work or school, do you live with someone who is older or has a severe chronic health condition, and is COVID-19 spreading where you live?

Health Equity in Action

Health Equity in Action

Researchers shrink camera to the size of a salt grain

Researchers have developed an ultracompact camera the size of a coarse grain of salt. The new system can produce crisp, full-color images on par with a conventional compound camera lens 500,000 times larger in volume.

COVID-19 became much more lethal in late 2020, UK study suggests

A new statistical analysis supports beliefs that COVID-19 became more lethal in the U.K. in late 2020, while also suggesting that multiple factors -- not just the alpha variant of the virus that causes COVID-19 -- were to blame.

Researchers study extent of healthcare avoidance during COVID-19

One in five individuals avoided healthcare during lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic, often for potentially urgent symptoms, according to a new study.

COVID-19 Vaccine Information for Specific Groups of People

Although the vaccine supply is currently limited, CDC is working toward making vaccines widely available for everyone at no cost. Learn more about your state's plan.

About COVID-19 Vaccine Delivered and Administration Data

CDC is using both new and existing information technology (IT) systems to rapidly collect reliable data about how many doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been delivered (distribution) and how many people have been vaccinated with those doses (administration)

Travel

This page includes information about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for travelers and travel-related industries.

COVID-19 Vaccines for People Who Would Like to Have a Baby

This page uses medical data and research to provide information to males and females who would like to have a baby while getting a COVID-19 vaccine.

We might not know half of what’s in our cells, new AI technique reveals

Artificial intelligence-based technique reveals previously unknown cell components that may provide new clues to human development and disease.

Optoelectrode changes reduce injuries to brain tissue, improve nerve research

Researchers have developed a technique for assembling optoelectrodes that looks to offer the best of silicon-based electrodes and polymer-based electrodes. The scientists demonstrated it is possible to efficiently create a semiflexible light-emitting electrode by removing the stiff silicon material from underneath the tip of the probe. The resulting device can study deep brain tissues with high resolution to record signals from individual nerve cells and stimulate small groups of neurons with state-of-the-art techniques such as optical waveguides.

Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine

COVID-19 vaccination will help protect you from getting COVID-19. Learn about possible side effects and some helpful tips to relieve side effects.

How to Protect Yourself & Others

The best way to prevent COVID-19 infection is to avoid exposure to this virus and follow these everyday preventative actions.

Tracing mechanisms of large exon splicing during vertebrate evolution

In vertebrates, large exons often skip splicing events and are evolutionarily conserved. Scientists from Nagoya University, Japan, have recently identified the mechanism behind regulated splicing of large constitutive exons which are rich in disordered regions, and their potential involvement in the assembly of transcription factors. They also explained how dual-regulation by two distinct groups of splicing factors ensures phase-separation of large exon-containing transcription factors.

A stealthy way to combat tumors

Researchers uncovered a new way to indirectly activate T cells that can target tumors, by recruiting a population of helper immune cells called dendritic cells.

New link between diet, intestinal stem cells and disease discovered

Obesity, diabetes and gastrointestinal cancer are frequently linked to an unhealthy diet. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this are not fully understood. Researchers have gained some new insights that help to better understand this connection. These findings provide an important basis for the development of non-invasive therapies.

Only alcohol -- not caffeine, diet or lack of sleep -- might trigger heart rhythm condition

New research that tested possible triggers of a common heart condition, including caffeine, sleep deprivation and sleeping on the left side, found that only alcohol use was consistently associated with more episodes of the heart arrhythmia.

Morning exposure to deep red light improves declining eyesight

Just three minutes of exposure to deep red light once a week, when delivered in the morning, can significantly improve declining eyesight, finds a pioneering new study.

Repurposed ALS drug shows promise in mouse model of rare childhood genetic disorder

Riluzole, a drug approved to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a disease affecting nerve cells controlling movement, could slow the gradual loss of a particular brain cell that occurs in Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1), a rare genetic disorder affecting children and adolescents, suggests a study in mice.

Breaking down cancer’s defenses

Researchers have developed a new probiotic bacteria designed to break down solid cancer cell walls and make other therapies more effective.

Urbanization not always bad for food and land use diversity

Widely accepted myths that urbanization negatively impacts food and land use biodiversity are incorrect, according to a team of researchers who developed a framework for evaluating this intersection.

Phages kill dystentery-causing bacteria and reduce virulence in surviving bacteria

Phages are viruses that infect bacteria and can also be used to treat human infections. However, as with antibiotics, bacteria can readily evolve resistance to phage attack, highlighting a key limitation to the use of phages as therapeutics. Now, researchers have shown that the naturally occurring phage A1-1 kills Shigella flexneri, a major cause of dysentery in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia and selects for phage-resistant mutants with reduced virulence.

Suffering from psoriasis? Blame this trio of proteins

About 7.5 million Americans suffer from psoriasis, an autoimmune disease that shows up as patches of red, inflamed skin and painful, scaly rashes. Although there are effective treatments for psoriasis, not everyone responds to these therapies -- and for many, the relief is temporary. Scientists have discovered how a key protein called TWEAK damages skin cells in psoriasis patients. Their findings, in mice and with human skin cells, suggest targeting TWEAK may help control the disease.

Cystic fibrosis faithfully modeled in a human Lung Airway Chip

Despite advances in patient screenings and breakthrough therapies that allow CF patients now to live into their mid- to late 30s or 40s, sometimes even longer, all patients are plagued by bacteria settling in their mucus, which causes inflammation in their lungs, and eventually causes their respiratory systems to fail. A major barrier to developing new and urgently needed treatments is the lack of human in vitro models that recapitulate the CF disease's pathology.

How eating less in early life could help with reproduction later on

New research shows how switching from a restricted diet to eating as much as you like could be beneficial for reproduction in later life. Researchers studied the eating and mating habits of the small fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. They found that those that switched from a restricted diet to unlimited food, started mating and reproducing more.

How people understand other people

To successfully cooperate or compete with other people in everyday life, it is important to know what the other person thinks, feels, or wants. Researchers have explored which strategies people use to understand other people.

Delta-like SARS-CoV-2 variants are most likely to increase pandemic severity

Mathematical model indicates SARS-CoV-2 variants that combine enhanced transmissibility with the ability to escape immunity cause more infections than variants with either trait alone. Understanding which type of variants are most likely to increase infections and pandemic severity could help researchers and public health officials interpret the significance of novel and existing variants and design tailored public health responses for various scenarios based on a variant's characteristics. In the case of Delta-like variants, vaccination is predicted to be highly beneficial because vaccinations would prevent a greater number of cases that a more transmissible virus would potentially cause, and because the milder nature of breakthrough infections should substantially reduce overall mortality.

Unborn babies could contract COVID-19, says study, but it would be uncommon

An unborn baby could become infected with COVID-19 if their gut is exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, finds a new study.

Plant-derived antiviral is effective in blocking highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, say scientists

A plant-based antiviral has been found to be just as effective at treating all variants of the virus SARS-CoV-2, even the highly infectious Delta variant.

Latte lovers rejoice! Study reveals drinking coffee could lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease

Good news for those of us who can't face the day without their morning flat white: a long-term study has revealed drinking higher amounts of coffee may make you less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease.

Prehistoric mums may have cared for kids better than we thought

A new study has revealed the death rate of babies in ancient societies is not a reflection of poor healthcare, disease and other factors, but instead is an indication of the number of babies born in that era.

Can we perceive gender from children's voices?

Researchers report developing a database of speech samples from children ages 5 to 18 to explore two questions: What types of changes occur in children's voices as they become adults, and how do listeners adjust to the enormous variability in acoustic patterns across speakers? When they presented listeners with both syllables and sentences from different speakers, gender identification improved for sentences. They said this supports the stylistic elements of speech that highlight gender differences and come across better in sentences.

Age, sex and waning COVID-19 antibodies

Antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination peaked higher for women and younger people than men and individuals over the age of 65, respectively, but levels dropped by half within six months for everyone in a study group.

COVID-19 vaccine elicits weak antibody response in people taking immunosuppressant

People taking TNF inhibitors, a kind of immunosuppressive drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune conditions, produced a weaker and shorter-lived antibody response after two doses of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine, according to a new study. A third vaccine dose drove antibody levels back up, indicating that this additional dose may provide protection as the virus's delta variant continues to spread.

Different COVID-19 Vaccines

Overview of what you should know about the different COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccine types and how they work to provide protection against COVID-19, which vaccines have been authorized and recommended in the United States, and which are in Phase 3 clinical trials.

Interactive Ventilation Tool

Use this interactive tool to see how particle levels change as you adjust ventilation settings.

Improving Ventilation in Your Home

If a visitor needs to be in your home, improving ventilation (air flow) can help prevent virus particles from accumulating in the air in your home. Good ventilation, along with other preventive actions, like staying 6 feet apart and wearing masks, can help prevent you from getting and spreading Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

How moles change into melanoma

Melanoma researchers published a study that gives a new explanation of what causes moles to change into melanoma. These findings pave the way for more research into how to reduce the risk of melanoma, delay development, and detect melanoma early.

Aspirin is linked with increased risk of heart failure in some

Aspirin use is associated with a 26% raised risk of heart failure in people with at least one predisposing factor for the condition.

Taking it easy as you get older? Wrong

A team of evolutionary biologists and biomedical researchers lay out evolutionary and biomedical evidence showing that humans, who evolved to live many decades after they stopped reproducing, also evolved to be relatively active in their later years. The researchers say that physical activity later in life shifts energy away from processes that can compromise health and toward mechanisms in the body that extend it. They hypothesize that humans evolved to remain physically active as they age -- and in doing so to allocate energy to physiological processes that slow the body's gradual deterioration over the years. This guards against chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and even some cancers.

Monkeys, guinea pigs and native English speakers have very similar brain responses to speech sounds, study finds

Speech sounds elicit comparable neural responses and stimulate the same region in the brain of humans, macaques and guinea pigs, researchers report. The finding could help pave the way for better understanding and diagnosis of auditory processing deficits.

Justinianic Plague was nothing like flu and may have struck England before it reached Constantinople, new study suggests

'Plague sceptics' are wrong to underestimate the devastating impact that bubonic plague had in the 6th to 8th centuries CE, argues a new study based on ancient texts and recent genetic discoveries. The same study suggests that bubonic plague may have reached England before its first recorded case in the Mediterranean via a currently unknown route, possibly involving the Baltic and Scandinavia.

Ultrashort-pulse lasers kill bacterial superbugs, spores

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found that multidrug-resistant bacteria and bacterial spores can be killed by ultrashort-pulse lasers. The findings could lead to new ways to sterilize wounds and blood products without damaging human cells.

Chemotherapy may affect muscle cells at lower doses than previously thought

Previous research has found that chemotherapy can trigger muscle loss in people living with cancer, but a new study out of found it may also affect the way the body builds new muscle -- and at lower doses than previously known, having potential implications for treatments and rehab programs.

A stunning 3D map of blood vessels and cells in a mouse skull could help scientists make new bones

Scientists have used glowing chemicals and other techniques to create a 3D map of the blood vessels and self-renewing 'stem' cells that line and penetrate a mouse skull. The map provides precise locations of blood vessels and stem cells that scientists could eventually use to repair wounds and generate new bone and tissue in the skull.

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States

Information on COVID-19 vaccination data reported in CDC's COVID Data Tracker.

Frequently Asked Questions about COVID-19 Vaccination

Answers to commonly asked questions about COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccine cost, availability, and types.

COVID-19 Vaccines and Severe Allergic Reactions

Learn about the types of allergic reactions you should watch out for, like anaphylaxis, and what to do if you experience one after getting a COVID-19 vaccine.

Strategy to overcome tumors’ resistance to immunotherapy generates promising clinical trial results

Immune checkpoint inhibitors strengthen the immune response against cancer cells, but the medications are ineffective against certain tumors. Results from a new clinical trial indicate that adding radiation may overcome this resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Revolution in imaging with neutrons: FRM II research group develops new processing method for image data

An international research team has developed a new imaging technology. In the future this technology could not only improve the resolution of neutron measurements by many times but could also reduce radiation exposure during x-ray imaging.

COVID-19 Vaccines for Moderately to Severely Immunocompromised People

CDC recommends that moderately or severely immunocompromised people receive an additional dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at least four weeks after a second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccination Demographic Data

CDC's COVID Data Tracker provides COVID-19 vaccination data in the United States, including Demographic Characteristics of People Receiving COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States.

Scientists may need to rethink how genomics impacts risk for OCD

Both rare and commonly observed differences in the DNA letters strung along a person's chromosomes can explain about a third of the risk for being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), according to a new study.

Digital teaching: Opportunity or challenge?

Researchers explain why digital teaching cannot replace face-to-face teaching in university education, but can certainly be seen as a complementary tool. The future of teaching and learning may lie in so-called blended learning, a mix of face-to-face and online education.

COVID-19 case severity: How genetic differences leave immune cells at a disadvantage

New research shows how genetic variations linked to severe cases of COVID-19 affect our immune cells. The study is one of the first in-depth look at the connections between COVID-19 severity and gene expression in many types of immune cells. This work could guide the development of new COVID-19 therapies to boost immune cell function.

Long-term blood sugar history predicts risk of severe COVID-19 among diabetics

People with type 2 diabetes who contract COVID-19 are nearly 50 percent more likely to wind up in intensive care if they have poorly managed their blood sugar levels over the long-term than those with better long-term glycemic control, according to a study using anonymized health care data.

Reporting County-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Data

CDC's COVID Data Tracker provides county-level COVID-19 vaccination data in the United States. This site provides an integrated, county view of key data for monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. It allows users to explore standardized data

How do we know we're tired?

Why do we need sleep? New research takes a step towards solving this mystery by discovering a mechanism of sleep in zebrafish, with some supporting evidence in mice.

Optimized second-generation mRNA vaccine demonstrated improved protection against COVID-19 in preclinical testing

Researchers conducted a head-to-head test of the second-generation vaccine CV2CoV compared with CVnCoV. The scientists assessed the vaccines' ability to provoke an immune response as well as their protective efficacy against COVID-19 in non-human primates.

Researchers study the link between vitamin D and inflammation

An active metabolite of vitamin D (not the over-the-counter version) is involved in shutting down inflammation, new research shows.

Rodents could be asymptomatic carriers of SARS-like coronaviruses, study suggests

Some ancestral rodents likely had repeated infections with SARS-like coronaviruses, leading them to acquire tolerance or resistance to the pathogens, according to new research. This raises the possibility that modern rodents may be reservoirs of SARS-like viruses, the researchers say.

Breakthrough in fight on tick-borne CCHF virus is latest use of new strategy against diseases

Using the same approach they recently used to create effective vaccine candidates against COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), scientists are tackling another virus: the tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF).

Frequently Asked Questions about COVID-19 Vaccination in Children

This page is designed to answer frequently asked questions concerning children receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.

Myths and Facts about COVID-19 Vaccines for Children

This page was designed to dispel myths relating to children receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.

COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Age

Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death by age group

What to Expect at Your Appointment to Get Vaccinated for COVID-19

Because COVID-19 is a new disease with new vaccines, you may have questions about what happens before, during, and after your appointment to get vaccinated. These tips will help you know what to expect when you get vaccinated, what information your provider will give you, and resources you can use to monitor your health after you are vaccinated.

Parental depression is associated with worse childhood mental health, educational attainment, study finds

Children who live with a parent who has depression are more likely to develop depression and to not achieve educational milestones, according to a new study.

After comparing 17.5 million strategies, researchers validate CDC's vaccine rollout recommendation

Researchers evaluated 17.5 million possible strategies the CDC could have recommended as it planned COVID-19 vaccine rollouts. While the researchers generally validate the CDC's plan, they did highlight some improvements, which could inform future vaccination strategies.

COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity

Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death by race/ethnicity

Information for Health Departments on Reporting Cases of COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the newly emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. To prevent further spread of SARS-CoV-2 and to collect information to better understand the virus and its impact on health outcomes, CDC has developed a form that provides a standardized approach to reporting COVID-19 cases (individuals with at least one respiratory specimen that tested positive for the virus that causes COVID-19). These data are needed to track the impact of the outbreak and inform public health response.

COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Teens

Kids 12 years of age and older can get the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to help protect against COVID-19. Get a vaccine for your child as soon as you can.

About COVID-19 Vaccines

What you need to know about vaccines, including frequently asked questions and benefits of getting vaccinated.

Promising treatment for Alexander disease moves from rat model to human clinical trials

Alexander disease is a progressive and rare neurological disorder with no cure or standard course of treatment. But a new study involving a rat model of the disease offers a potential treatment for the typically fatal condition.

Reading the mind of a worm

It sounds like a party trick: scientists can now look at the brain activity of a tiny worm and tell you which chemical the animal smelled a few seconds before. But the findings of a new study are more than just a novelty; they help the scientists better understand how the brain functions and integrates information.

Scientists develop promising vaccine method against recurrent UTI

Researchers are investigating the use of whole-cell vaccines to fight urinary tract infection (UTI), part of an effort to tackle the increasingly serious issue of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Insulin in the brain influences dopamins levels

In the human brain, the hormone insulin also acts on the most important neurotransmitter for the reward system, dopamine. Insulin lowers the dopamine level in a specific region of the brain (striatum) that regulates reward processes and cognitive functions, among other things. This interaction can be an important driver of the brain's regulation of glucose metabolism and eating behavior.

Venom of cone snail could lead to future diabetes treatments

Researchers have found that variants of this cone snail venom could offer future possibilities for developing new fast-acting drugs to help treat diabetics.

New cell database paints fuller picture of muscle repair

Biologists have struggled to study rare and transient muscle cells involved in the process, but engineers have lifted the curtain on these elusive dynamics with the launch of scMuscle, one of the largest single-cell databases of its kind.

Extreme heat events jeopardize cardiovascular health, experts warn

A consequence of global warming is a greater frequency and intensity of extreme heat events. This extreme heat is associated with a greater risk of adverse cardiovascular incidents, especially for adults with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases.

Scientists key in on brain’s mechanism for singing, learning

New research reveals that specialized cells within neural circuitry that triggers complex learning in songbirds bears a striking resemblance to a type of neural cell associated with the development of fine motor skills in the cortex of the human brain.

Dengue’s dance: Host immunity drives viral evolution

New research provides evidence that host immunity drives evolution of the dengue virus. The research analyzes two decades of genetic variation from Thailand alongside population-level measures of infection and immunity.

Chronic stress and depression boost this brain receptor; a new study maps out how to block it

Eliminating GPR158 activity in stressed mice made them resistant to depression and anxiety. A new study in the journal Science reveals the unusual brain receptor's structure, and possible ways a medication might reduce its sway.

Role of psychotherapists in treatment effectiveness

New research shows that different psychotherapists use common treatment processes to varying benefits for patients.

A genetic change for achieving a long and healthy life?

Researchers presented new insights for improving the health span by just regulating the activity of a protein. A research group has identified a single amino acid change in the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) that dramatically extends healthy periods while maintaining longevity.

Wearable tech confirms wear-and-tear of work commute

Information about worker commutes from smartphones and fitness trackers can predict individual job performance, according to a new study.

Researchers use model of hypothalamus to implicate genes associated with sleep, BMI, puberty

A new study has implicated several genes involved in a variety of bodily functions associated with the hypothalamus, a notoriously difficult-to-study region of the brain. The findings could help clinicians identify potential causes of dysfunction for many important traits regulated by the hypothalamus, such as sleep, stress, and reproduction.

Specific facial features can help distinguish children from adults

Identifying specific facial features that can be used to distinguish a child's face from an adult's may offer a useful tool for determining whether children are depicted in indecent images of children, according to new research.

Scientists capture humor’s earliest emergence

Young children's ability to laugh and make jokes has been mapped by age for the first time using data from a new study involving nearly 700 children from birth to 4 years of age, from around the world. The findings identify the earliest age humor emerges and how it typically builds in the first years of life.

The brain uses bodily signals to regulate fear

Fear is essential for survival, but must be well regulated to avoid harmful behaviors such as panic attacks or exaggerated risk taking. Scientists have now demonstrated in mice that the brain relies on the body's feedback to regulate fear. The brain's insular cortex strongly reacts to stimuli signaling danger. However, when the body freezes in response to fear, the heartbeat slows down leading to attenuated insular cortex activity. Processing these opposing signals helps the insular cortex to keep fear in balance. The body's reactions are thus actively used to regulate emotions and are much more than passive emotional responses.

Information about the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine

The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is an mRNA vaccine that requires 2 shots, 28 days apart. Learn about safety data, efficacy, and clinical trial demographics.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Home Page

New cell discovered and shown to regulate heart rate

Researchers discovered a new type of cell in the heart that may help regulate heart rate, and could be an important key in understanding certain types of congenital heart defects and other diseases that involve the heart.

New imaging technology may reduce need for skin biopsies

A new 'virtual histology' technology shows promise by analyzing images of suspicious-looking lesions and quickly producing a detailed, microscopic image of the skin, bypassing several standard steps typically used for diagnosis -- including skin biopsy, tissue fixation, processing, sectioning and histochemical staining.

‘Surgery selfies’ could spot serious infections early

Smartphone pictures of post-surgical wounds taken by patients and then assessed by clinicians can help with the early identification of infections, a study has found.

Study links stress to Crohn’s disease flare-ups

Researchers using mouse models found that stress hormones suppressed the innate immune system that normally protects the gut from invasive Enterobacteriaceae, a group of bacteria including E. coli which has been linked to Crohn's disease.

Food scientists create zinc index for human body

Zinc deficiency is prevalent around the world, and among children, these mineral shortfalls can lead to stunting, embryonic malformations and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Over several decades, science has improved understanding of zinc metabolism, but an accurate, comprehensive assessment tool for its physiological status within a human body has remained elusive. Until now.

COVID Data Tracker Weekly Review

A review of the week's key data from CDC's COVID Data Tracker, narrative interpretations, and visualizations.

Considerations for Inpatient Obstetric Healthcare Settings

These infection prevention and control considerations are for healthcare facilities providing obstetric care for pregnant patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or pregnant persons under investigation (PUI) in inpatient obstetric healthcare settings including obstetrical triage, labor and delivery, recovery and inpatient postpartum settings.

Pregnant and Recently Pregnant People

Pregnant people need to take steps to protect themselves and stay healthy during the COVID-19.

Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 during Pregnancy

CDC is supporting multiple efforts to better understand the impact of COVID-19 during pregnancy on both the mother and infant. Data collected as part of these efforts can help direct public health action and inform clinical guidance for the care of affected pregnant women and their infants.

'Deepfaking the mind' could improve brain-computer interfaces for people with disabilities

Researchers are using generative adversarial networks (GANs) -- technology best known for creating deepfake videos and photorealistic human faces -- to improve brain-computer interfaces for people with disabilities. The team successfully taught an AI to generate synthetic brain activity data. The data, specifically neural signals called spike trains, can be fed into machine-learning algorithms to improve the usability of brain-computer interfaces (BCI).

Warning over antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Significant levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been found at locations in and around Cambridge, England. The researchers found potentially dangerous Pseudomonas bacteria in over a fifth of samples collected close to the River Cam.

Chemistry breakthrough leads way to more sustainable pharmaceuticals

Chemistry researchers have developed a new method using blue light to create pharmaceuticals in a more sustainable way, significantly reducing the amount of energy needed and the chemical waste created in the manufacture process.

Advanced microscopes help scientists understand how cells break down proteins

Researchers have used advanced electron microscopes to delve deeper into the process of protein degradation. They described the structure of a key enzyme that helps mediate ubiquitination in yeast, part of a cellular process called the N-degron pathway that may be responsible for determining the rate of degradation for up to 80% of equivalent proteins in humans.

COVID-19 Vaccines While Pregnant or Breastfeeding

Healthcare personnel who are pregnant or breastfeeding may get vaccinated for COVID-19, but there are many considerations that go into that decision.

Information about the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is an mRNA vaccine that requires 2 shots, 21 days apart. Learn about safety data, efficacy, and clinical trial demographics.

How herpes checks into the nervous system for life

More than half of U.S. adults are carriers of HSV1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) which hibernates in the peripheral nervous system and can never be eradicated. A new study has uncovered herpes' sneaky strategy for infecting the nervous system, opening a door to long-needed vaccine development for both HSV1 and its close sibling HSV2.

Unvaccinated: The kids aren’t alright

Close to 10 million children in lower-income countries have never been vaccinated against any infectious disease. These 'zero-dose' kids hold a lesson for all of us, says a public-health expert.

How grandmothers' brains react to the sight of their grandchildren

Scientists have scanned grandmothers' brains while they're viewing photos of their young grandchildren -- providing a neural snapshot of this special, inter-generational bond.

Interim Public Health Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People

Interim public health recommendations describing the type of activities people who are fully vaccinated can do once fully vaccinated.

COVID-19 Vaccines that Require 2 Shots

If you receive a Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, you will need 2 shots to get the most protection.

Commercial Laboratory Seroprevalence Survey Data

Systems that are collecting and reporting COVID data

COVID-19 and Animals

Animals and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

COVID-19 Vaccines for People with Disabilities

This webpage provides information for people with disabilities or conditions that may increase their risk of getting and spreading COVID-19, and for their care providers.

New findings on the link between CRISPR gene-editing and mutated cancer cells

A protein that protects cells from DNA damage, p53, is activated during gene editing using the CRISPR technique. Consequently, cells with mutated p53 have a survival advantage, which can cause cancer. Researchers have found new links between CRISPR, p53 and other cancer genes that could prevent the accumulation of mutated cells without compromising the gene scissors' effectiveness.

Scientist advances prospect of regeneration in humans

In a study that builds on earlier research that identified macrophages as essential to regeneration in the axolotl, a highly regenerative salamander, a scientist has identified the source of these critical white blood cells as the liver. By giving scientists a place to look for pro-regenerative macrophages in humans, the discovery brings science a step closer to the ability to regenerate tissues and organs lost to injury or disease.

In the brain’s cerebellum, a new target for suppressing hunger

Scientists have identified an entirely new way the brain signals fullness after eating. The findings offer a novel target for therapies that could dramatically curb overeating.

New group of antibacterial molecules identified

Researchers have identified a new group of molecules that have an antibacterial effect against many antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Since the properties of the molecules can easily be altered chemically, the hope is to develop new, effective antibiotics with few side effects.

When older couples are close together, their heart rates synchronize

As couples grow old together, their interdependence heightens. Often, they become each other's primary source of physical and emotional support. Long-term marriages have a profound impact on health and well-being, but benefits depend on relationship quality. A new study examines the dynamics of long-term relationships through spatial proximity. The researchers find that when partners are close to each other, their heart rates synchronize in complex patterns of interaction.

Brief 5:2 diet advice is as effective as traditional GP advice, but people like it better, according to new study

A clinical trial has found people prefer receiving information on the 5:2 diet than standard GP weight management advice despite both interventions achieving similar modest weight loss results.

Researchers reveal structure of itch receptors on cells

Scientists have conducted research showing in precise detail how chemicals bind to mast cells to cause itch, and the scientists figured out the detailed structure of receptor proteins on the surface of these cells when a compound is bound to those proteins.

`Oh, snap!’ A record-breaking motion at our fingertips

Researchers studied the physics of a finger snap and determined how friction plays a critical role. Using an intermediate amount of friction, not too high and not too low, a snap of the finger produces the highest rotational accelerations observed in humans, even faster than the arm of a professional baseball pitcher.

Exercise increases the body’s own ‘cannabis-like' substance which reduces chronic inflammation

Exercise increases the body's own cannabis-like substances, which in turn helps reduce inflammation and could potentially help treat certain conditions such as arthritis, cancer and heart disease.

New approach could overcome fungal resistance to current treatments

Current medications aren't particularly effective against fungi. The situation is becoming more challenging because these organisms are developing resistance to antimicrobial treatments, just as bacteria are. Now, researchers report that they have identified compounds that tackle these infections in a new way -- by interfering with fungal enzymes required for fatty acid synthesis -- potentially opening the door to better therapies.

Artificial intelligence successfully predicts protein interactions

Researchers used artificial intelligence (AI) and evolutionary analysis to produce 3D models of eukaryotic protein interactions. The study identified more than 100 probable protein complexes for the first time and provided structural models for more than 700 previously uncharacterized ones. Insights into the ways pairs or groups of proteins fit together to carry out cellular processes could lead to a wealth of new drug targets.

Precise blood pressure control may aid patient recovery from spinal injury

High or low blood pressure in patients during surgery to repair a spinal cord injury may contribute to poorer outcomes, suggests a study published in eLife.

Medical training takes a mental toll, but less than a decade ago

A 13-year effort to track the mental health of new doctors in their most stressful time of training shows signs that things have gotten better. But those first-year residents, also called interns, still have a sizable risk of developing depression. And many who do still don't seek help.

Can we tell someone’s cultural group from the way they laugh?

Can we infer someone's cultural group from their laugher, even when we do not know what they are laughing at? And what kind of laughter do we find most positive? A new study shows that our laughter gives us away. The study included Dutch and Japanese producers of laughter and listeners. Listeners could detect whether a laughing person is from their own or another cultural group by only hearing a brief laughter segment. Spontaneous laughter was rated as most positive by both groups.

Antibodies and COVID-19

Antibodies and COVID-19

Research in mice shows how diet alters immune system function through a gut microbe

Research in mice demonstrates how diet alters a gut microbe molecule that, in turn, prompts immune cells to downregulate inflammation. The study elucidates molecular mechanism behind long-standing belief that diet, microbiota, and immunity influence one another in myriad ways. If affirmed in larger animals and humans, the findings could inform the design of small-molecule drugs that regulate immune response to treat inflammatory conditions

Why drug used to treat critically ill COVID-19 patients may only benefit males

A new study shows how dexamethasone, the main treatment for severe COVID-19 lung infections, alters how immune cells work, which may help male patients, but has little to no benefit for females.

Outcomes for hospitalized COVID-19 patients taking immunosuppressive medications similar to non-immunosuppressed patients, study finds

A study of more than 200,000 U.S adults hospitalized with COVID-19 finds that, overall, patients taking immunosuppressive drugs do not face increased risk of being put on a ventilator or death.

New screening process could lead to next-generation therapeutics for a broad spectrum of diseases

Researchers have developed a high-throughput screen methodology to identify compounds affect a key G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin (Rh). GPCRs mediate many important physiological functions and are considered to be one of the most effective therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from diabetes to immune system disorders.

Common gene variants linked to sepsis and COVID-19 severity in African Americans

Two genetic risk variants that are carried by nearly 40 percent of Black individuals may exacerbate the severity of both sepsis and COVID-19, researchers have found.

Ever been lost in the grocery store? Researchers are closer to knowing why it happens

A new study suggests that the brain differentiates very similar environments -- such as two stores from the same supermarket chain -- as if they were even more different than two places that are nothing alike.

Neuroscientists explore mysterious 'events' in the brain that open new avenues for understanding brain injuries and disorders

Using a new model of brain activity, computational neuroscientists are exploring striking bursts of activity in the human brain that have not been examined before. These bursts may have potential to serve as biomarkers for brain disease and conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, dementia, and ADHD.

Study finds single molecule within a specific plant used by Native Americans can treat both pain and diarrhea

Researchers have revealed a striking pattern following a functional screen of extracts from plants collected in Muir Woods National Monument, in coastal redwood forest land in California. They found plants with a long history of use by Native Americans as topical analgesics, were often also used as gastrointestinal aids.

Coffee and tea drinking may be associated with reduced rates of stroke and dementia

Drinking coffee or tea may be associated with a lower risk of stroke and dementia, according to a new study. Drinking coffee was also associated with a lower risk of post-stroke dementia.

Researchers develop rapid computer software to track pandemics as they happen

Researchers have created lightning-fast computer software that can help nations track and analyze pandemics, like the one caused by COVID-19, before they spread like wildfire around the globe.

Neuroscientists illuminate how brain cells 'navigate' in the light and dark

Researchers have discovered how individual and networks of cells in an area of the brain called the retrosplenial cortex encode this angular head motion in mice to enable navigation both during the day and at night.

Pollutant emissions in major seaports likely to have spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic, study finds

Researchers have modeled that pollutant emissions from the shipping sector increased significantly in major international seaports during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Scientists identify second HIV patient whose body appears to have rid itself of the virus

In 2020, an untreated HIV patient was identified with no intact copies of HIV genomes in more than 1.5 billion blood cells analyzed, suggesting the virus had been cleared from the patient's body. Researchers now report a second untreated person living with HIV who had no evidence of intact HIV genomes in more than 1.5 billion blood and tissue cells analyzed.

A better-fitting molecular ‘belt’ for making new drugs

The most common pharmaceuticals on the market are made by chaining together rings of molecules to create the drugs that treat conditions including pain, depression and leukemia. But creating those rings and forming them in a way that is tailored to each individual disease has always been a cumbersome and expensive process in medicinal chemistry. New research proposes a way to simplify that transformation. The discovery will likely make it easier to produce new drug candidates, the researchers say.

The prostate cancer cell that got away

Researchers have pioneered a new method to track the progression of prostate cancer in mice, from its birth to its spread into other tissues. This approach allows researchers to study the origins of prostate cancer in a more realistic context than traditional methods allow.

Overview of COVID-19 Quarantine for K-12 Schools

Information about COVID-19 quarantine for K-12 schools

Responding to COVID-19 Cases in K-12 Schools: Resources for School Administrators

A guide for school administrators on how to address COVID-19 cases in schools.

Toolkit for Responding to COVID-19 Cases

Toolkit for K-12 school administrators with resources for responding to COVID-19 cases

Steps for Determining Close Contact and Quarantine in K-12 Schools

Infographic for identifying COVID-19 close contacts in K-12 school settings and public health recommendations for close contacts.

Immune cells against COVID-19 stay high in number six months after vaccination, study shows

A recent study provides evidence that CD4+ T lymphocytes -- immune system cells also known as helper T cells -- produced by people who received either of the two available messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19 persist six months after vaccination at only slightly reduced levels from two weeks after vaccination and are at significantly higher levels than for those who are unvaccinated.

Microtissue system allows study of deadly lung disease

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and rising air pollution levels, incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is anticipated to rise, urgently increasing the need for strong model systems. Researchers describe a 3D cell culturing platform that allows study of lung fibroblasts and their microenvironment. The platform enables measurement of cell behaviors and microenvironment changes involved in the disease progression of IPF, and the platform's size and simplicity make it suitable for use in high-throughput drug screening protocols.

Malaria parasite genomes provide insights and tools for control and elimination in Lake Victoria, Kenya

Scientists are turning to genomics to better understand the epidemiology of malaria and to inform control and elimination interventions and strategies. In the Lake Victoria region of Kenya, malaria burden remains very high despite more than a decade of intense control activities. A team of researchers generated whole Plasmodium falciparum genome sequences from the lake region. Their analyses revealed that malaria parasites from this region appear distinct from other parasites from East Africa, while frequencies of known drug resistance markers were similar to those in other East African parasite populations.

Air pollution decrease in India during COVID-19 lockdown not as high as originally thought

Observational data shows air pollution in India decreased drastically in the first COVID-19 lockdown when emissions from vehicles naturally declined, but researchers say those numbers only tell part of the story -- blue skies and an absence of visible smog can be deceiving and hide pollutants that could potentially cause health issues.

Diet trumps drugs for anti-aging and good metabolic health

A study comparing the impact of diet versus drugs on the inner workings of our cells has found nutrition has a much stronger impact.

New gene identified that contributes to progression to type 1 diabetes

When the pro-inflammatory pair, a receptor called CCR2 and its ligand CCL-2, get together, it increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes, scientists report.

New approach provides potential vaccine and treatment for Alzheimer’s

A promising new approach to potentially treat Alzheimer's disease -- and also vaccinate against it -- has been developed by a team of scientists.

Science Briefs

CDC is learning more about how COVID-19 spreads and affects people and communities. Learn more by viewing scientific briefs and agendas.

Science Brief: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in K-12 schools

COVID-19 transmission in schools is associated with community transmission. Transmission spread within schools can be limited with strict implementation of layered mitigation strategies.

Southern Border Toolkit for Partners

CDC created this airline toolkit for airlines that are educating/informing travelers and crew about COVID-19.

As we develop, the brain connects lessons learned differently

A new study of brain activity patterns in people doing a memory task finds that the way we make inferences -- finding hidden connections between different experiences -- changes dramatically as we age. The study's findings might one day lead to personalized learning strategies based on a person's cognitive and brain development. The researchers found that whereas adults build integrated memories with inferences already baked in, children and adolescents create separate memories that they later compare to make inferences on the fly.

Nascent polypeptides stabilize ribosomes for uninterrupted translation

Protein production (translation) is a complex process involving machinery called ribosomes. How do cells counter ribosomal destabilization leading to premature termination of translation? Scientists have uncovered a novel role of nascent protein chains in stabilizing translating ribosomes. They suggest that longer peptide sequences spanning the ribosomal exit tunnel and bulky amino acid residues in the tunnel entry help stabilize the ribosome by bridging its subunits, ensuring uninterrupted translation.

Researchers discover new insights about tau proteins in people living with ALS

Investigators found elevated levels of tau and a phosphorylated form of the tau protein in brain tissue from deceased people who had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and carried a mutation in the C9orf72 gene. The team also identified new genetic mutations in the tau gene that may exacerbate ALS onset or progression. Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid may be a viable biomarker for ALS because levels correlate with disease progression.

Researchers train computers to predict the next designer drugs

Researchers have trained computers to predict the next designer drugs before they are even on the market, technology that could save lives. Identifying these so-called 'legal highs' within seized pills or powders can take months, during which time thousands of people may have already used a new designer drug. But new research is already helping law enforcement agencies around the world to cut identification time down from months to days, crucial in the race to identify and regulate new versions of dangerous psychoactive drugs.

How CDC Is Making COVID-19 Vaccine Recommendations

Learn about the CDC's COVID-19 vaccine recommendation process and the goals and principles guiding decisions if there is a limited supply at first.

COVID patients on SSRI antidepressants are less likely to die, study finds

A large analysis of health records from 87 health care centers across the United States found that people taking a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly fluoxetine, were significantly less likely to die of COVID-19 than a matched control group.

Common blood pressure drug does not slow down the progression of more advanced Alzheimer’s, study finds

New research has shown the drug losartan, normally used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), is not effective in slowing down the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with mild-to-moderate disease after 12 months of treatment. However, the drug could still be of benefit if prescribed for longer and if given to people with very early disease.

Researchers target a mouse’s own cells, rather than using antibiotics, to treat pneumonia

Researchers have discovered a therapy that targets host cells rather than bacterial cells in treating bacterial pneumonia in rodents. The method involves white blood cells of the immune system called macrophages that eat bacteria, and a group of compounds that are naturally produced in mice and humans called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs.

A key brain region responds to faces similarly in infants and adults

In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of babies ranging in age from two to nine months, researchers have found regions of the infant visual cortex that show strong preferences for either faces, bodies, or scenes, just as they do in adults.

Keeping chocolate milk smooth, stable without carrageenan

Fat-free chocolate milk processed for the first time with high-pressure jet technology exhibits enhanced viscosity, stabilizing cocoa particles in the fluid and eliminating the need for adding a controversial emulsifier. That's the conclusion of a team of researchers, whose study suggests that the new technology can preclude the use of carrageenan in chocolate milk. The widely used food additive -- which helps keep the liquid smooth and well-mixed even after days sitting on a store shelf -- is not desired by many consumers, especially in organic chocolate milk.

Lab mimics molecule found in poppies

An undergraduate leads the discovery of a way to synthesize a rare molecule drawn from poppies. The molecule could become a building block for painkillers and other drugs.

Simple surgical technique associated with significant reduction in the risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery

A simple surgical technique during cardiac surgery was associated with a 56 percent reduction in the incidence of an irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation that can lead to stroke, with no added risks or side effects, according to a new study. The findings suggest that the method, called posterior left pericardiotomy, has significant potential for preventing prolonged hospital stays and the need for additional interventions and drugs to reduce the risk of strokes and heart failure associated with atrial fibrillation.

Altered fat metabolism, enzyme, likely plays key role in Lou Gehrig’s disease

A new study using genetically engineered mice and human cell and tissue samples has added to evidence that higher levels of inflammatory chemicals involved in fat metabolism occur in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the neuromuscular disorder, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.

Using T cells to target malignant brain tumors

Doctors and scientists have successfully tested a neoantigen-specific transgenic immune cell therapy for malignant brain tumors for the first time using an experimental model in mice.

COVID-19 Vaccine Reporting Systems

COVID-19 vaccines have undergone the most intensive safety monitoring in U.S. history. Learn about clinical trials and different safety monitoring systems.

CDC Recommends Use of Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Resume

A review of all available data at this time shows that the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine's known and potential benefits outweigh its known and potential risks.

eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

Electronic Case Reporting (eCR) is the automated generation and transmission of case reports from the electronic health record (EHR) to public health agencies for review and action. eCR makes disease reporting from healthcare to public health faster and easier. eCR Now allows for rapid adoption and implementation of eCR for COVID-19, enabling real-time tracking.

Dreaming of being an investment shark? Better figure out if you’re an ‘owl’ or a ‘lark,’ study finds

If you're a night owl looking to invest in the next big startup, making that decision first thing in the morning might not be the best idea, according to a new study.

eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting for Healthcare Providers

Learn about how healthcare providers can report COVID-19 cases.

Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities

Information about COVID-19 in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities

Cleaning and Disinfecting Your Facility

Plain language cleaning and disinfection guidance (for community settings)

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

Healthcare Facilities That Have Implemented COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting

Singing, being male, and being an adult tend to produce more respiratory aerosols, study finds

A new study measured respiratory particles produced from people singing or playing instruments. Is singing worse than talking when it comes to how many particles are being emitted? Yes, according to the study. And the louder one talks or sings, the worse the emissions. A person's age and whether they are male or female also affects their respiratory emissions, with males and adults emitting more airborne particles, on average, than females and minors.

Researchers find benefits and drawbacks to two-step surgical approach for 'leaky heart valves'

Patients with mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation, a condition sometimes called 'leaky heart valves,' appeared to do better after two years if they had a tricuspid valve repair at the time of mitral valve surgery, according to a new study.

Best way to avoid procrastination

They say procrastination is the thief of time -- actually deadlines are. New research has found that if you want someone to help you out with something, it is best not to set a deadline at all. But if you do set a deadline, make it short.

Breaking down fungal biofilm defenses provides potential path to treating sticky infections

In a new study designed to better understand and combat these structures, scientists identified some of the key proteins in biofilms of the fungus Candida albicans that control both how they resist antifungal drugs and how they become dispersed throughout the body.

Microbiome discovery may open new doors to development of treatments for gastrointestinal diseases

Researchers probing the gut -- 'the inner tube of life' -- have for the first time discovered specific factors in its workings that in the future may help improve treatment for patients facing gut damage or gastrointestinal disease.

Building bacteria to keep us well

Scientists have engineered bacteria that can detect specific molecules in the gut.

Team engineers new way to get medication past blood-brain barrier

A team of researchers has developed a new technique to open the blood-brain barrier temporarily to deliver medication to the brain. Getting medication past the brain's unique and protective blood vessels, known as the blood-brain barrier, is one of the biggest challenges in treating brain and central nervous system diseases, according to researchers. The technique uses light and nanoparticles to pry open temporarily these barriers -- called tight junctions -- to allow medication to reach its target.

Scientists employ digital esophagus to battle Barrett’s

A team has developed a digital tool to better monitor a condition known as Barrett's esophagus, which affects more than 3 million people in the United States. Barrett's occurs when the mucosal lining of the lower esophagus deteriorates, altering its cellular structure, and is most common in those with chronic acid reflux.

Malaria: New knowledge about naturally acquired immunity may improve vaccines

When you have become immune to malaria after having contracted the disease, it seems that the body uses a more efficient protection than if you have been vaccinated against the deadly disease. The researchers believe the new findings may be used to improve existing malaria vaccines.

Noninvasive brain biopsy shows improved sensitivity in tumor detection

A team of researchers has developed a noninvasive diagnostic method that may one day replace the biopsy with a simple blood test.

Obesity raises the risk of gum disease by inflating growth of bone-destroying cells

Chronic inflammation caused by obesity may trigger the development of cells that break down bone tissue, including the bone that holds teeth in place, according to new research that sought to improve understanding of the connection between obesity and gum disease. The study, completed in an animal model and published in October in the Journal of Dental Research, found that excessive inflammation resulting from obesity raises the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), a group of immune cells that increase during illness to regulate immune function. MDSCs, which originate in the bone marrow, develop into a range of different cell types, including osteoclasts (a cell that breaks down bone tissue).

Low-cost medicine effective in treating high blood pressure for some

Medical researchers found that chlorthalidone was effective in lowering blood pressure in individuals with advanced kidney disease.

Moderate amounts of caffeine not linked to maternal health risks

Consuming a low amount of caffeine during pregnancy could help to reduce gestational diabetes risk, according to researchers.

What Tribal Communities Need to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines

Facts about COVID-19 vaccines for American Indian and Native Alaskan tribal communities.

Anticoagulant has beneficial side-effects for COVID-19 patients, study finds

Clotting problems and resulting complications are common in COVID-19 patients. Researchers have now shown that a member of the anticoagulant group of drugs not only has a beneficial effect on survival of COVID-19 patients, but also influences the duration of active infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

Coronavirus lurks and lingers in nursing home patients’ rooms, study finds

Even though most COVID-19 cases come from exposure to airborne coronavirus, a new study points to the importance of surfaces as a reservoir of risk in nursing homes -- especially certain objects close to the beds of patients who have COVID-19.

Competing quantum interactions enable single molecules to stand up

Nanoscale machinery has many uses, including drug delivery, single-atom transistor technology, or memory storage. However, the machinery must be assembled at the nanoscale which is a considerable challenge for researchers.

COVID-19 Vaccines Work

COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the U.S. are working well based on studies that have looked at how vaccines work in real-world conditions.

PFAS exposure, high-fat diet drive prostate cells’ metabolism into pro-cancer state

A high-fat diet synergizes with exposure to PFAS to change the metabolism of benign and malignant prostate cells, according to a new study in mice.

Conflicting health information compromises attention and emotional responses

The 24-hour news cycle and social media bombardment often resulting in conflicting messages about health issues might be making it harder than ever for people to make critical decisions, according to a new study.

It takes more than one mutant copy of the PIK3CA gene to make breast cancer more aggressive, study finds

Breast cancers that have an overactive PI3K enzyme tend to be more aggressive and to spread and divide more like stem cells. But a new study uncovers a surprising relationship between PI3K activity and mutations in the PIK3CA gene that codes for the enzyme.

Students who repeat a grade experience more bullying, study finds

Students who have repeated a grade have higher risks of being victims of bullying in countries around the world, according to a new study of nearly half a million students.

Unstable housing, homelessness associated with COVID-19 re-infection

New study results demonstrate that unstable housing and homelessness is associated with a two-fold greater chance of being re-infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those who are securely housed. The research indicates that unstable housing was the only demographical factor associated with re-infection despite the presence of antibodies from the first infection.

Domestic Travel During COVID-19

There are several things to consider when deciding whether it is safe for you to travel in the United States. This includes the following: is COVID-19 spreading where you're going, will you be in close contact with others, are you at higher risk of severe illness if you do get COVID-19, do you have a plan for taking time off from work or school, do you live with someone who is older or has a severe chronic health condition, and is COVID-19 spreading where you live?

More evidence of an evolutionary ‘arms race’ between genes and selfish genetic elements

Researchers discover further evidence of an evolutionary arms race within organisms -- and the mechanisms at play in this arms race -- to combat selfish genetic elements.

Gut microbiota differences seen in people with autism may be due to dietary preferences

Research suggested that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at least partly caused by differences in the composition of the gut microbiota, based on the observation that certain types of microbes are more common in people with autism. But a new study suggests that the link may actually work the other way around: the diversity in species found in the guts of children with autism may be due to their restricted dietary preferences associated with autism, rather than the cause of their symptoms.

‘Dancing molecules’ successfully repair severe spinal cord injuries

Researchers have developed an injectable therapy based on nanofibers that has enabled paralyzed mice with severe spinal cord injuries to regain the ability to walk.

Surprising findings on how salt affects blood flow in the brain

Researchers reveal surprising new information about the relationship between neuron activity and blood flow deep in the brain, as well as how the brain is affected by salt consumption.

New technique may lead to safer stem cell transplants

Studying mice, researchers have developed a method of stem cell transplantation that does not require radiation or chemotherapy. Instead, the strategy takes an immunotherapeutic approach, combining the targeted elimination of blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow with immune-modulating drugs to prevent the immune system from rejecting the new donor stem cells.

Using mechanical tools improves our language skills

Our ability to understand the syntax of complex sentences is one of the most difficult language skills to acquire. In 2019, research had revealed a correlation between being particularly proficient in tool use and having good syntactic ability. A new study has now shown that both skills rely on the same neurological resources, which are located in the same brain region. Furthermore, motor training using a tool improves our ability to understand the syntax of complex sentences and -- vice-versa -- syntactic training improves our proficiency in using tools.

Risk calculator to prevent delayed discharges in hospitals

New research could significantly reduce overcrowding in emergency departments -- with great financial savings. Experts have developed a prediction model to identify patients most at risk of taking up hospital beds longer than needed.

CRISPR screen identifies new anti-inflammatory drug target

A metabolic enzyme that has been studied in cancer biology and is important for T cell function may offer a new target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics, researchers have discovered. They report that inhibiting or genetically deleting the enzyme, called MTHFD2, reduced disease severity in multiple inflammatory disease models.

Cutting-edge molecular tools reveal potential COVID-19 diagnostic and therapeutic targets

Advanced next-generation sequencing of autopsy tissues has furthered molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease mechanisms, researchers report.

When mom and child interact, physiology and behavior coordinate

When mothers and their children play together, they instinctively respond to each other's cues. And positive interactions promote the child's healthy socioemotional development. A new study examines how physiological and behavioral reactions coordinate during mother-child playtime. The findings highlight the importance of responsive communication, and can help provide insights for parents, practitioners, and researchers.

Common loud noises cause fluid buildup in the inner ear, study finds

A new study reveals that common loud noises cause fluid buildup in the inner ear and suggests a simple possible treatment for noise-induced hearing loss.

Study encourages cautious approach to CRISPR therapeutics

A comprehensive study has shown that gene editing, specifically gene knockout (KO), with CRISPR-Cas9 can favor cells with mutated forms of genes linked to cancer. The findings highlight the need to monitor patients undergoing CRISPR-Cas9-based gene therapy for cancer-related mutations.

This is how we understand emoji

Even when emoji are used to substitute for words, we still understand the sentence. But how does that work? Do we interpret an emoji primarily as an image or as a word? To find out, a research team asked volunteers to read texts with emoji and measured the reading time precisely. It turns out that it takes a little longer to comprehend a sentence that includes emoji than one that doesn't. If the emoji does not directly represent the intended meaning, but another word with the same pronunciation, we need yet a little more time. Based on these results, the team concludes that emoji comprehension consists of two steps: first the image is interpreted, then the word is inferred.

Plant-based alternative food consumption may have doubled in UK over ten years suggests first analysis of its kind

The proportion of UK people reporting eating and drinking plant-based alternative foods such as plant-based milk, vegan sausages and vegetable burgers nearly doubled between 2008 -- 2011 and 2017 -- 2019, according to a new study.

Supportive strategies help 'picky eaters' deal with food aversions

In a large national survey, adults who struggled with picky eating habits as children overwhelmingly said they benefitted more from positive and encouraging strategies their parents used than forceful or coercive approaches.

Function of mysterious structure found on neurons

Researchers have discovered that mysterious clusters of proteins found on neurons are calcium-signaling 'hotspots' that activate gene transcription, allowing neurons to produce crucial proteins. The discovery may help shape new research into the role of the hotspots in brain function and potentially lead to new classes of therapeutics.

How alike are the cancer cells from a single patient?

Using an experimental system involving new genetic technology, researchers analyzed the gene expression signatures of a representative sample of barcoded leukemia cells. After implanting some of the leukemia cells in mice, they discovered that distinct gene expression signatures correlated with the various organs where the cancer cells ended up. They were also able to identify previously unknown genes that are involved in disease progression and chemotherapy resistance, which may offer new targets for treatment.

Students who self-identify as multilingual perform better in exams

Young people who consider themselves 'multilingual' tend to perform better across a wide range of subjects at school, regardless of whether they are actually fluent in another language, new research suggests. The study of more than 800 pupils in England found a measurable, positive relationship between their personal connection with other languages, and their GCSE exam results in both modern language and non-language subjects. This applied whether or not they actually spoke a second language fluently.

Mosaic brain evolution in guppies helps to explain vertebrate cognitive evolution

Researchers have provided the first experimental evidence that brain regions can evolve independently of each other during cognitive evolution. This so called mosaic brain evolution was verified empirically in an artificial selection experiment with guppies (Poecilia reticulata) where telencephalon size (but no other regions) differed by 10 percent after only four generations of selection. The findings can have wide implications for the understanding of cognitive evolution in other vertebrates, such as primates and humans.

A newly discovered genetic link to non-alcoholic inflammatory liver disease

Researchers have shown that albino mice of the C57BL/6 line are highly susceptible to developing the inflammatory liver condition non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) when fed a high cholesterol diet. The albino mice carry a mutation in the tyrosinase gene leading to a deficiency of melanin synthesis. NASH is a serious illness in humans, and the identification of the involvement of tyrosinase in NASH development will guide future research into this condition.

Compound provides innovative pain relief

Researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences are closer to developing a safe and effective non-opioid pain reliever after a study showed that a new compound they created reduces the sensation of pain by regulating a biological channel linked to pain.

New way to detect coronavirus through building ventilation systems

Researchers have found a new way to detect the virus that causes COVID-19 by testing the air passing through building ventilation systems. The discovery could lead to earlier detection of the virus, improved quarantine protocols, reduced transmission and fewer outbreaks.

Sleep disorders linked with more severe outcomes from COVID-19, study suggests

Research shows a 31 percent increased risk for hospitalization and mortality in patients with sleep-disordered breathing and sleep-related hypoxia.

New target for COVID-19 vaccines identified

Next generation vaccines for COVID-19 should aim to induce an immune response against 'replication proteins', essential for the very earliest stages of the viral cycle, researchers say.

A personalized exosuit for real-world walking

Researchers have developed a new approach in which robotic exosuit assistance can be calibrated to an individual and adapt to a variety of real-world walking tasks in a matter of seconds. The bioinspired system uses ultrasound measurements of muscle dynamics to develop a personalized and activity-specific assistance profile for users of the exosuit.

Zika virus-specific therapy protects the fetal mouse brain

A gene-silencing therapy protected against Zika virus transmission from pregnant mice to the mouse fetuses, finds a new study. The treatment, which harnesses nanoparticles called small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) for drug delivery, crossed the placenta and blood-brain barrier to greatly reduce fetal neurological damage, including virus-induced brain shrinkage.

How do we learn to learn? New research offers an education

Cognitive training designed to focus on what's important while ignoring distractions can enhance the brain's information processing, enabling the ability to 'learn to learn,' finds a new study on mice.

Needle free glucose monitoring a step closer for diabetics

A needle-free technology that would allow people with diabetes to measure blood sugar levels without having to stick a needle into their fingertips is a step closer to reality.

Immune system early responder can combat COVID-19

A simple RNA molecule jumpstarts the immune system's 'first responders' to viral infection and can even eradicate the SARS-CoV-2 virus in mice with chronic cases of COVID-19, a new study finds.

Reversing new-onset type 1 diabetes with pyramid-like DNA: Mouse study

Usually diagnosed in children, teens and young adults, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreas. As a result, people with type 1 diabetes can't regulate their blood sugar levels and require insulin treatment for survival. Now, researchers have reversed new-onset type 1 diabetes in mice with pyramid-like DNA molecules called tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs).

Mechanisms of drug side effects uncovered

Researchers have discovered how drugs can affect various membrane-spanning proteins in addition to their intended target, potentially causing unwanted side effects. The results illuminate one of the central problems of drug discovery and point to new strategies for solving it.

New computer model is a key step toward low-temperature preservation of 3D tissues, organs

Medical science is a key step closer to the cryopreservation of brain slices used in neurological research, pancreatic cells for the treatment of diabetes and even whole organs thanks to a new computer model that predicts how tissue's size will change during the preservation process.

Plant-based gummy candy helps vegans and vegetarians get their vitamins

Worldwide, millions of people follow vegan and vegetarian diets for religious, ethical, environmental or economic reasons. While these diets have purported health benefits, they can also lack essential nutrients, such as vitamins B12 and D3, if not well-planned or supplemented correctly. Now, researchers have packed a strawberry-flavored gummy with these vitamins, formulating it without any animal products so vegans and vegetarians can reach their recommended daily allowances (RDA).

Striking difference between neurons of humans and other mammals

Human neurons have a lower density of ion channels than expected, compared to neurons of other mammals, according to a new study. The researchers hypothesize that a lower channel density may have helped the human brain evolve to operate more efficiently.

Baby teeth may one day help identify kids at risk for mental disorders later in life

The thickness of growth marks in primary (or 'baby') teeth may help identify children at risk for depression and other mental health disorders later in life, according to a ground-breaking investigation.

How gene mutation boosts cancer risk

Scientists have revealed why a mutation in the UTX gene disrupts cells' ability to suppress tumors.

Identifying individual proteins using nanopores and supercomputers

The amount and types of proteins our cells produce tell us important details about our health. Researchers have shown that it is possible to identify individual proteins with single-amino acid resolution and nearly 100% accuracy. Their method uses nanopores -- engineered openings that generate an electrical signal when molecules are pulled through by a specific enzyme.

Seizure forecasting with wrist-worn devices possible for people with epilepsy

A new study found patterns could be identified in patients who wear a special wristwatch monitoring device for six to 12 months, allowing about 30 minutes of warning before a seizure occurred. This worked well most of the time for five of six patients studied.

Data available for training AI to spot skin cancer are insufficient and lacking in pictures of darker skin

The images and accompanying data available for training artificial intelligence (AI) to spot skin cancer are insufficient and include very few images of darker skin, according to new research.

COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness

Experts are working on many different types of assessments to learn how COVID-19 vaccines work in real-world conditions.

Ensuring COVID-19 Vaccines Work

All COVID-19 vaccines available in the U.S. are effective at preventing COVID-19. CDC and other partners continue to assess how they work in real-world conditions.

v-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry

This registry collects health information from pregnant people who get vaccinated. This helps to expand vaccine safety data to further ensure vaccine safety.

COVID-19 Vaccines for People Who Would Like to Have a Baby

This page uses medical data and research to provide information to males and females who would like to have a baby while getting a COVID-19 vaccine.

Landmark study points to source of rapid aging, chronic inflammation in people living with HIV

In a groundbreaking study of people living with HIV, researchers found that elusive white blood cells called neutrophils play a role in impaired T cell functions and counts, as well as the associated chronic inflammation that is common with the virus.

Retinoid therapy may improve vision in people with rare genetic disorder

Using data generated from patients and mice with genetic mutation for the disorder Usher syndrome, researchers documented the natural history of vision impairment in patients and identified the cell mechanism behind progressive vision loss. Based on these findings, the team was able to test a retinoid therapy that improved vision in mice with Usher syndrome. The researchers said assessing a similar therapy should now be considered in people with Usher syndrome to see if this therapy might slow vision loss.

A potential role for ibuprofen in older adults’ immunity to RSV

New research suggests there may someday be a role for ibuprofen in providing older adults with lasting immunity against RSV, a virus commonly associated with infants and young kids that also rivals the flu as a dangerous wintertime infection for the elderly.

Drug used to prevent miscarriage increases risk of cancer in offspring

Exposure in utero to a drug used to prevent miscarriage can lead to an increased risk of developing cancer, according to researchers.

How to turn specific genes on and off

Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer are just some of the disorders associated with specific genes not 'turning on' and 'turning off' as they should. By using new CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology researchers have described a new technique that scientists across the world can potentially use to explore novel ways of treating diseases associated with dysregulation in DNA methylation.

Reporting COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States

Information on COVID-19 vaccination data reported in CDC's COVID Data Tracker.

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Shot

People who have had 2 shots of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines may need to start receiving a COVID-19 booster shot 8 months after their second dose.

Different COVID-19 Vaccines

Overview of what you should know about the different COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccine types and how they work to provide protection against COVID-19, which vaccines have been authorized and recommended in the United States, and which are in Phase 3 clinical trials.

Safety concerns raised for neuroblastoma candidate drug

Scientists have identified the primary target of the experimental cancer drug CX-5164, revealing a possible risk for late effects of treatment.

Fat-secreted molecule lowers response to common cancer treatment

Leptin, a molecule produced by fat cells, appears to cancel out the effects of the estrogen-blocking therapy tamoxifen, a drug commonly used to treat and prevent breast cancers, suggests a new study.

Anxiety effectively treated with exercise

Both moderate and strenuous exercise alleviate symptoms of anxiety, even when the disorder is chronic, a new study shows.

Microbiome discovery could help save kids’ hearing

Bacteria found in children's upper respiratory systems could help fight chronic middle ear infections, the leading cause of preventable hearing loss and deafness in Indigenous communities.

Cellular aging: A basic paradox elucidated

Cancer researchers show for the first time that cellular senescence, which occurs when aging cells stop dividing, is caused by irreversible damage to the genome rather than simply by telomere erosion.

An innovative imaging technique for dynamic optical nanothermometry

A new imaging technique can measure temperature in 2D, without contact, and in just a snap.

Lack of important molecule in red blood cells causes vascular damage in type 2 diabetes

Altered function of the red blood cells leads to vascular damage in type 2 diabetes. Results from a new study in cells from patients with type 2 diabetes and mice show that this effect is caused by low levels of an important molecule in the red blood cells.

Bedtime linked with heart health

Going to sleep between 10:00 and 11:00 pm is associated with a lower risk of developing heart disease compared to earlier or later bedtimes, according to a new study.

Bone marrow backup needed to tackle respiratory infections

Scientists have found how the immune system triggers an 'emergency' dendritic cell response during infection, with dendritic cells at the site of infection being reinforced by new cells which travel from the bone marrow.

New study pinpoints likely path of COVID-related plastic waste in the ocean

Researchers use a new model to project where the surge of mismanaged medical waste will end up—including beaches, seabeds, and the Arctic Ocean.

Blood plasma protein fibrinogen interacts directly with nerve cells to cause brain inflammation

Before soluble fibrinogen, a blood plasma protein, is converted into insoluble fibrin molecules that can toxically accumulate outside blood vessels in the brain, fibrinogen connects directly with neurons and can cause a damaging inflammatory reaction, a research team reports. Their discovery may help identify new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury.

A new tool for studying COVID's impact on gut health

New research using an Intestine Chip has recreated viral infection of the human gut in vitro using a coronavirus called NL63, which causes the common cold and is also associated with GI symptoms.

Immunotherapy-chemotherapy treatment coupled with in-depth genomic analyses leads to improved survival for patients with mesothelioma

Combining the immunotherapy agent durvalumab with the chemotherapy agents pemetrexed and cisplatin or carboplatin may provide a new treatment option for patients who have inoperable pleural mesothelioma, a cancer of the tissues lining the lungs, according to a phase II clinical trial.

Study offers insights on why the elderly are more susceptible to COVID-19

New research reveals the cellular mechanism behind why the elderly, as well as those with certain overlapping diseases, are at risk of infection and death from the virus -- and how this mechanism can potentially be used to protect them.

Stem cells do not (only) play dice

In just a few weeks a completely new organism develops from a fertilized egg cell. The real miracle is that a bunch of identical stem cells turns into completely different, specialized cell types. A team has now been able to show that the specialization of individual cells during embryonic development is not, as previously assumed, exclusively left to chance but is rather determined by cell communication.

Air pollution disproportionally affects people of color, lower-income residents in DC

The rates of death and health burdens associated with air pollution are borne unequally and inequitably by people of color and those with lower household income and educational attainment in Washington, D.C., according to a new study. The study found that while deaths and health burdens associated with PM2.5 halved between 2000 and 2018 in the D.C. area, disparities and geographical segregations in health effects persist.

Storing energy in plants with electronic roots

By watering bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) with a solution that contains conjugated oligomers, researchers at the Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Sweden, have shown that the roots of the plant become electrically conducting and can store energy.

Sitting more linked to increased feelings of depression, anxiety

During the initial COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020, a lot of people suddenly became more sedentary as they adhered to stay-at-home orders or opted to self-isolate. Recently published research found people who continued to spend a higher amount of time sitting in the weeks following were likely to have higher symptoms of depression. A closer investigation into this association could play a role in helping people improve their mental health.

Galectin-1 linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes

Researchers now associate elevated levels of the protein galectin-1 with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes about 18 years later. At the same time, this protein seems to be a protective factor for the kidneys among type 2 diabetes patients at high risk for diabetic nephropathy.

Healing skin ischemia-reperfusion injuries with interleukin-36 receptor antagonists

Skin wounds from ischemia-reperfusion injuries -- tissue damage caused by blood returning to tissues after a period of oxygen deprivation -- may not heal appropriately in some patients, owing to elusive underlying immunological mechanisms. Scientists from Japan have now succeeded in proposing a means to solve this medical conundrum by understanding the role of interleukin-36 receptor antagonists as they act to inhibit the effects of interleukin-36 cytokines, which could help identify new therapeutic targets for wound healing.

COVID-19 Travel Recommendations by Country

Search COVID-19 risk assessment by country larger map

High cell membrane tension constrains the spread of cancer

The membranes of cancer cells are more pliant than the membranes of normal cells. A research collaboration has discovered that cancer invasion and migration can be supressed in mice by manipulating the stiffness of the cell membrane. Hopefully this will contribute towards the development of new treatments that target the physical characteristics of cancer cells.

COVID-19 Vaccines While Pregnant or Breastfeeding

Healthcare personnel who are pregnant or breastfeeding may get vaccinated for COVID-19, but there are many considerations that go into that decision.

Sample Letters for Schools

Customizable sample letters for school districts and schools to share information about COVID-19 testing programs with parents and staff.

COVID-19: The older you are, the more antibodies you have, study finds

Chemists looked at lab samples of patients who recovered from a mild case of COVID-19 and found that those over 50 produced more antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Flame retardants linked to autistic-like behavior, research finds

Researchers have found that when female mice exposed to PBDEs pass on these neuroendocrine-disrupting chemicals to their developing offspring, the female offspring show traits relevant to autism spectrum disorders.

Youth Experiencing Homelessness

Provide guidance to homeless youth so they can protect themselves and others from COVID-19.

Questions & Answers on School Testing

As schools go back to in-person learning, many offer free, regular COVID-19 testing for students and staff.

Interim Guidance on Unsheltered Homelessness and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for Homeless Service Providers and Local Officials

Guidance intended to provide key actions that local and state health departments, homelessness service systems, housing authorities, emergency planners, healthcare facilities, and homeless outreach services can take to protect people experiencing homelessness from the spread of COVID-19.

Despite understanding the concept of mindfulness, people are applying it incorrectly, research finds

Mindful awareness is about both accepting and engaging with life's challenges, and that's what popularized concepts of mindfulness tend to miss, new research has found.

New symptoms identified that could help doctors diagnose pancreatic cancer

Researchers have identified a series of symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer, including two previously unrecognised symptoms -- feeling thirsty and having dark urine.

Study of 18000+ US and Australian older people reveals moderate drinking protective against heart disease, more than for tea totalers

A landmark study of more than 18,000 Americans and Australians over 70 years of age reveals that 3.5 to 7 average drinks of alcohol a week is more protective against heart disease and in fact all-cause mortality - compared to those who drank no alcohol.

Arginine, an inexpensive oral drug, could enhance radiation therapy for cancer

Treatment with arginine, one of the amino-acid building blocks of proteins, enhanced the effectiveness of radiation therapy in cancer patients with brain metastases, in a proof-of-concept, randomized clinical trial.

Researchers investigate role of gene associated with Alzheimer’s disease in brain’s immune cells

When immune cells move throughout the brain, they act as the first line of defense against viruses, toxic materials and damaged neurons, rushing over to clear out them. Researchers have been investigating how these immune cells in the brain -- microglia -- relate to a gene mutation recently found in Alzheimer's disease patients.

When bad things happen in childhood, what's the toll on your health?

New research shows the lifelong toll that adverse events in childhood can take on your health.

Pathomechanisms in heart disease discovered

The largest protein in the human body, titin, enables elastic movements of our muscles, including the heart. Mutations in the titin gene (TTN) that impair this function and lead to heart muscle disease. The pathomechanisms behind this -- i.e. why TTN mutations trigger disease -- were unclear until now. A team of experts has now investigated these pathomechanisms in more detail and has gained ground-breaking insights.

Vibration training for multiple sclerosis

Researchers worked to determine whether vibration training -- an intervention used to improve physical function for people with multiple sclerosis -- could also improve patients' cognitive function and quality of life.

Researchers develop CRISPR-based rapid diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2

Scientists have created a new technology that rapidly detects the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The new SENSR was developed using CRISPR gene-editing technology as a rapid diagnostic that eventually could be used in homes, airports and other locations.

COVID-19 Guidance for Operating Early Care and Education/Child Care Programs

COVID-19 Guidance for Operating Early Care and Education/Child Care Programs

Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Air Passengers Arriving in the United States

Information and frequently asked questions about requirement for proof of negative COVID-19 test or recovery from COVID-19 for all air passengers arriving in the United States

Requirement for Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination for Air Passengers

Noncitizen nonimmigrants must be fully vaccinated to travel by air to the US. Some categories of noncitizen nonimmigrants are excepted from the requirement but will need to fulfill other requirements.

Non-U.S. citizen, Non-U.S. immigrants: Air Travel to the United States

Noncitizen nonimmigrants must be fully vaccinated to travel by air to the US. When you travel to the US by air, you are also required to show a negative COVID-19 test or documentation of recovery.

International Travel During COVID-19

There are several things to consider when deciding whether it is safe for you to travel in the United States. This includes the following: is COVID-19 spreading where you're going, will you be in close contact with others, are you at higher risk of severe illness if you do get COVID-19, do you have a plan for taking time off from work or school, do you live with someone who is older or has a severe chronic health condition, and is COVID-19 spreading where you live?

Multiple sclerosis drug improves memory in mice modeling Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers found that glatiramer acetate, a prescription drug currently used to treat patients with multiple sclerosis, improved memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Scientists identify mechanism that may influence infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Scientists have found that a process in cells may limit infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, and that mutations in the alpha and delta variants overcome this effect, potentially boosting the virus's ability to spread.

Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines

Learn the key things you need to know about the new COVID-19 vaccines.

When macrophages let off steam

New data shows how inflammatory reactions can be resolved by changes to the metabolism of macrophages. Danger signals released by damaged cells during inflammation play a role during this process. 'Rewiring' the mitochondria in the macrophages protects them against overloading and can thus improve the way in which parts of damaged cells are eliminated and resolve the inflammatory reaction.

New insights into kidney disease with tropical frog models

Using cutting-edge genetic engineering, researchers have developed a model to study hereditary kidney disease with the help of tropical frogs. The method allows them to collect large amounts of data on anomalies, which can then be analyzed using artificial intelligence. The research opens up new opportunities in the search for new treatment approaches for the hitherto incurable disease.

Bood metabolites associated with coffee consumption may affect kidney disease risk

Researchers have identified several metabolites in the blood whose levels are altered by coffee consumption. Levels of 3 of these coffee-related metabolites were significantly associated with individuals' risk of developing chronic kidney disease.

What sponges can tell us about the evolution of the brain

What can sponges tell us about the evolution of the brain? Sponges have the genes involved in neuronal function in higher animals. But if sponges don't have brains, what is the role of these? Scientists imaged the sponge digestive chamber to find out.

Cutting ammonia emissions is a cost-effective way to prevent air pollution deaths

Tackling pollution from the emission of nitrogen compounds, particularly ammonia, could reduce many of the 23.3 million years of life that were lost prematurely across the world in 2013 due to nitrogen-related air pollution, an international study has discovered using a modeling framework.

What You Should Know About the Possibility of COVID-19 Illness After Vaccination

COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. However, some people who are fully vaccinated will still get COVID-19 if they are exposed to the virus that causes it.

How cells correctly choose active genes

It is essential for cells to control precisely which of the many genes of their genetic material they use. This is done in so-called transcription factories, molecular clusters in the nucleus. Researchers have now found that the formation of transcription factories resembles the condensation of liquids. Their findings will improve the understanding of causes of diseases and advance the development of DNA-based data storage systems.

New strategy against treatment-resistant prostate cancer identified

A new study has identified an RNA molecule that suppresses prostate tumors. The scientists found that prostate cancers develop ways to shut down this RNA molecule to allow themselves to grow. According to the new research -- conducted in mice implanted with human prostate tumor samples -- restoring this so-called long noncoding RNA could be a new strategy to treat prostate cancer that has developed resistance to hormonal therapies.

Communication Resources for Travelers

Communication Resources for Travelers regarding travel health alerts and COVID-19.

Air Travel Toolkit for Airline Partners

Communication Toolkit for Airlines to inform Travelers and Crew

International Travel

Travel requirements have changed for all passengers traveling to the United States by air. Know what you need to do to board a flight to the United States.

Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

CDC and its partners are monitoring reports of myocarditis and pericarditis. CDC continues to recommend COVID-19 vaccination for everyone 12 years of age and older.

Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention in Kindergarten (K)-12 Schools

Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention in Kindergarten (K)-12 Schools

Lighting up chemical reactions for sustainable drug production

Researchers have discovered a new approach for using visible-light to structurally modify bioactive molecules in chemical reactions, providing a possible sustainable alternative to traditional methods that could be used in the design and production of new medicines.

Save the planet (and your health) by steering clear of sweets and pastries

Need another reason to cut back on sugary foods and drinks, apart from an expanding waistline? They're not helping the environment, contributing to a higher cropland, water scarcity and ecological footprint, according to a new review.

COVID-19 Vaccine Monitoring Systems for Pregnant People

Safety monitoring systems are in place to capture information about vaccination during pregnancy. CDC and the FDA are closely monitoring that information.

Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine

COVID-19 vaccination will help protect you from getting COVID-19. Learn about possible side effects and some helpful tips to relieve side effects.

Just a game? Study shows no evidence that violent video games lead to real-life violence

As the latest Call of Duty video game is released in the UK today, and with Battlefield 2042 and a remastered Grand Theft Auto trilogy to follow later this month, new research finds no evidence that violence increases after a new video game is released.

COVID-19 Contact Tracing Communications Toolkit for Health Departments

This toolkit will help health departments develop their communications with communities about COVID-19 contact tracing.

Basics of COVID-19

COVID-19 is a dangerous disease that is very contageous. It makes some people severely ill and has been responsible for hundred of thousands of deaths in the United States.

Frequently Asked Questions about v-safe

Find answers to common questions about v-safe, the after vaccination health checker used to report vaccine side effects.

SARS-CoV-2 variant detected in dogs and cats with suspected myocarditis

A new study reveals that pets can be infected with the alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2, which was first detected in southeast England and is commonly known as the UK variant or B.1.1.7.

Polymer-coated nanoparticles to promote drug delivery to the brain

Researchers are optimizing polymer-coated nanoparticles to increase their permeability across this barrier and consequently the delivery of encapsulated drugs in the brain.

Public Service Announcements (PSAs)

List of public service announcements related to coronavirus.

Strategies for the regeneration of myelin

New production or recycling of cholesterol: The duration of the disorder makes all the difference.

Nerves may be key to blocking abnormal bone growth in tissue

Blocking a molecule that draws sensory nerves into musculoskeletal injuries prevents heterotopic ossification (HO), a process in which bone abnormally grows in soft tissue during healing, researchers reported. The findings suggest that drugs currently being tested in clinical trials to inhibit this molecule for pain relief could also protect against this challenging condition.

RAS inhibitors for use in fighting more cancers

New findings help better understand the how one of the most commonly mutated genetic drivers of cancer passes signals that cause the disease.

Workplace Vaccination Program

To keep your workplace healthy, consider offering free, on-site COVID-19 vaccination at your business locations.