Prioritizing non-healthcare worksite assessments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
понедельник, 31 августа 2020 г.
Fungi in gut linked to higher Alzheimer's risk can be reduced through ketogenic diet
Specific fungi in the gut associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and found in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be altered in a beneficial manner by eating a modified Mediterranean diet, researchers have found.
Microgel immuno-acceptance method could improve pancreatic islet transplant success
Researchers have developed a new microgel drug delivery method that could extend the effectiveness of pancreatic islet transplantations -- from several years to possibly the entire lifespan of a recipient.
eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting for Healthcare Providers
eCR Now: COVID-19 Electronic Case Reporting for Healthcare Providers
Early rhythm control therapy improves outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation benefit from early rhythm control therapy, according to new results.
Research shows how a diet change might help US veterans with Gulf War illness
A new study shows the results from a dietary intervention in U.S. veterans suffering from Gulf War Illness, a neurological disorder in veterans who served in the Persian Gulf War from 1990 to 1991.
Wearable device could help EMTs, surgeons assess hemorrhage blood loss
Emergency medical technicians (EMTs), military medics, and emergency room physicians could one day be better able to treat victims of vehicular accidents, gunshot wounds, and battlefield injuries thanks to a new device under development that may more accurately assess the effects of blood loss due to hemorrhage.
Atheists are more likely to sleep better than Catholics and Baptists, study finds
A new study of sleep, religious affiliation, and perceptions of heaven found that atheists and agnostics are significantly more likely to be better sleepers than Catholics and Baptists.
Experiment contradicts assumptions about sleep loss and criminal interrogations
An experimental study suggests that sleep restriction may hinder information disclosure during criminal interviews, contradicting widespread assumptions about the effectiveness of sleep deprivation as an interrogation tool.
Algorithm aims to alert consumers before they use illicit online pharmacies
Researchers have developed an algorithm that may be able to spot illicit online pharmacies that could be providing customers with substandard medications without their knowledge, among other potential problems.
Insect shows promise as a good, sustainable food source
With global food on the rise, a new study has found new evidence that the yellow mealworm shows promise as alternative source of nutritional protein.
Is being generous the next beauty trend?
New research found that more attractive people are more likely to be givers, and givers are rated as more attractive.
Reprogramming cardiac fibroblast cells to transform into beating heart muscle
Researchers have clarified the roles of matrix stiffness and mechanotransduction as well as the signaling pathways in the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts into contractile cardiomyocytes and show that soft substrates comparable to native myocardium improve the efficiency of this cardiac reprogramming. This has potential for research into biomaterials and may lead to clinical advances in regenerative treatment for heart failure.
Vietnam farmers' poultry sales during outbreaks may increase virus transmission
Small-scale poultry farmers in Vietnam tend to respond to viral outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) by rapidly selling their birds as a way to avoid financial loss, according to a new study. As these birds are commingled with other birds in markets and trading networks, this practice may increase the likelihood of widespread disease transmission.
Cell phone location used to estimate COVID-19 growth rates
Cell phone location data shows that in counties where activity declined at workplaces and increased at home, coronavirus infection rates were lower.
Insight on how to build a better flu vaccine
Repeated exposure to influenza viruses may undermine the effectiveness of the annual flu vaccine. A team of researchers has developed an approach to assess whether a vaccine activates the kind of immune cells needed for long-lasting immunity against new influenza strains. The findings could aid efforts to design an improved flu vaccine.
For people with high blood pressure, telemonitoring may cut heart attack, stroke rate by 50%
Adults with uncontrolled high blood pressure were about half as likely to have serious cardiovascular events in the five years after a pharmacist-led telemonitoring program compared to those receiving routine primary care. By reducing cardiovascular events, the telemonitoring intervention saved about $1,900 over five years in overall health care costs for each individual.
People with increased risk of Alzheimer's have deficits in navigating
Alzheimer's patients develop severe symptoms of spatial disorientation as the disease progresses and are unable to find even the simplest ways.
Antibody blockade effective in treatment of severe COVID-19
Researchers find an overlap in the pathogenesis of cytokine release syndrome and COVID-19, and show that the symptoms of both can be alleviated by IL-6 signaling blockade.
Strokes in babies are surprisingly common; here's how the body rushes to the rescue
New research is shedding light on the development of the brain's immune defenses - and how those defenses respond to strokes that strike one in 4,000 babies in the first month of life.
People love winning streaks by individuals -- teams, not so much
People enjoy witnessing extraordinary individuals - from athletes to CEOs - extend long runs of dominance in their fields, a new study suggests. But they aren't as interested in seeing similar streaks of success by teams or groups.
Cells can remain functional despite damage to mitochondria
Mitochondria are the power plants of our cells and play an important role in providing energy for normal function of the tissues in our body. Thanks to a metabolic adjustment, cells can remain functional despite damage to the mitochondria.
Body mass index is a more powerful risk factor for diabetes than genetics
Losing weight could prevent or even reverse diabetes, according to new research.
суббота, 29 августа 2020 г.
What happens when babies with heart defects become adults?
More than 90% of babies born with heart defects survive into adulthood. As a result, there are now more adults living with congenital heart disease than children. These adults have a chronic, lifelong condition and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has produced advice to give the best chance of a normal life.
How to treat the most common heart attacks
One in five patients die within a year after the most common type of heart attack.
Study finds that sleep restriction amplifies anger
Feeling angry these days? New research suggests that a good night of sleep may be just what you need.
Look beyond opioids to solve national substance use epidemic
A new study published reveals that three-quarters of participants in an inpatient addiction intervention program came into the hospital using more than one substance. The findings suggests that a singular focus on opioids may do more harm than good if doctors overlook the complexity of each individual's actual substance use.
Why are there differing preferences for suffixes and prefixes across languages?
While speakers of English and other Western languages prefer using suffixes more than prefixes, a new study reveals that this preference is not as universal as once thought.
Interim Guidance for Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2
Interim Guidance for Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2
The 'gold' in breast milk
Breast milk strengthens a child's immune system, supporting the intestinal flora. These facts are common knowledge. But how does this work? What are the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon? And why is this not possible the same way with bottle feeding? The reasons were unknown until a team recently discovered the role of alarmins.
Preventing infection, facilitating healing: New biomaterials from spider silk
New biomaterials reduce the risk of infection and facilitate the body's healing processes. These nanostructured materials are based on spider silk proteins. They prevent colonization by bacteria and fungi, but at the same time proactively assist in the regeneration of human tissue. They could be used for implants, wound dressings, prostheses, contact lenses, and other everyday aids.
пятница, 28 августа 2020 г.
Cholesterol drug combinations could cut health risk
More patients could benefit from combinations of cholesterol-lowering drugs to reduce their risk of stroke and heart attacks.
Which OCD treatment works best? New brain study could lead to more personalized choices
New research could improve the odds that people with obsessive-compulsive disorder will receive a therapy that really works for them - something that eludes more than a third of those who currently get OCD treatment. The study suggests the possibility of predicting which of two types of therapy will help people with OCD: One that exposes them to the subject of their obsessive thoughts and behaviors, or one that focuses on stress reduction and problem-solving.
Synthetic compound could serve as prototype for novel class of drugs to treat neurological damage
Researchers have developed a neurologically acting protein and tested it in laboratory studies. In mice, the experimental compound ameliorated symptoms of certain neurological injuries and diseases, while on the microscopic level it was able to establish and repair connections between neurons. This proof-of-principle study suggests that biologics, which act on neuronal connectivity, could be of clinical use in the long term.
Prior Zika virus infection increases risk of severe dengue disease
A new study finds that people who have antibodies to the mosquito-borne Zika virus are more vulnerable to developing dengue disease. This immune interaction, called antibody-dependent enhancement, could complicate the search for a safe and effective vaccine that protects against Zika without also increasing the risk of dengue.
Stereocenters rendered dynamic in one succinct step
Princeton Chemistry labs collaborate to demonstrate the ability of photoredox catalysis to take traditionally static stereocenters and render them dynamic by continuously and controllably breaking and re-forming molecular bonds.
Mosquito immune system mapped to help fight malaria
Scientists have created the first cell atlas of mosquito immune cells, to understand how mosquitoes fight malaria and other infections. Researchers discovered new types of mosquito immune cells, including a rare cell type that could be involved in limiting malaria infection. The findings offer opportunities for uncovering novel ways to prevent mosquitoes from spreading the malaria parasite to humans and break the chain of malaria transmission.
Breakthrough in using stem cells to treat enteric nervous system disorders
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding how the enteric nervous system forms, which could pave the way for new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's.
New malaria transmission patterns emerge in Africa
An international study reveals how future climate change could affect malaria transmission in Africa over the next century.
Making brain cancers in children respond better to treatment
Research has identified a small molecule compound that can activate the Wnt pathway in non-Wnt subtypes of medulloblastoma, making these aggressive forms of cancer more responsive to therapies. The work also found the Wnt pathway, which has historically been considered cancer-promoting, to function as a cancer inhibitor in certain contexts.
COVID-19 less deadly and causes milder symptoms in children, UK study finds
Children and teenagers are less likely than adults to develop severe COVID-19 or die from the disease, according to the world's largest study of hospital patients with COVID-19.
Why 'one day at a time' works for recovering alcoholics
'One day at a time' is a mantra for recovering alcoholics, for whom each day without a drink builds the strength to go on to the next. A new brain imaging study shows why the approach works.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)
Learn about hospital surveillance (rates) and how that information helps find who is most at risk for severe illness and death, including important demographic information
Age no criteria for decisions on heart attack treatment, new research finds
Elderly patients suffering the most common type of heart attack may benefit from more invasive treatment, new research has shown.
Elderly in the US: Risk of dementia has been rising for years - instead of falling
The risk of cognitive impairment increased from 1996 to 2014.
Travelers Returning from Cruise Ship and River Cruise Voyages
Travelers Returning from Cruise Ship and River Cruise Voyages
Study finds 'nomophobia' is associated with poor sleep health in college students
A new study found that the fear of being out of mobile phone contact -- 'nomophobia' -- is extremely common among college students and is associated with poor sleep health.
New study takes aim at advanced types of non-addictive pain therapies
Scientists have recently helped clarify the contributions to an ion channel's temperature - dependent activation. This in turn should aid in the development of new types of non-addictive pain therapies.
Study finds younger and older drivers more likely to drive older, less safe vehicles
A new study found that teen drivers and drivers 65 years and older - two age groups at a higher risk of being involved in an automobile accident - are more likely to be driving vehicles that are less safe, putting them at even higher risk of injury. The findings underscore the need for these groups to prioritize driving the safest vehicle they can afford.
четверг, 27 августа 2020 г.
State, Territorial, Local and Tribal Health Department Search
State, Territorial, Local and Tribal Health Department Search
Considerations for Use of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Testing in Nursing Homes
Considerations for Use of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Testing in Nursing Homes
Cases, Data, and Surveillance
CDC is aggressively responding to the global outbreak of COVID-19 and preparing for the potential of community spread in the United States.
Employer Information for Heat Stress Prevention during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Employer Information for Heat Stress Prevention during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Children notice race several years before adults want to talk about it
Adults in the United States believe children should be almost 5 years old before talking with them about race, even though some infants are aware of race and preschoolers may have already developed racist beliefs, according to new research.
Single-use N95 respirators can be decontaminated and used again, study finds
N95 respirators, which are widely worn by health care workers treating patients with COVID-19 and are designed to be used only once, can be decontaminated effectively and used up to three times, scientists report.
How genetics could impact COVID-19 treatments
A new study looked at how pharmacogenomics could improve the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 drug therapies.
Duchenne: 'Crosstalk' between muscle and spleen
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscle disease in children and is passed on by X-linked recessive inheritance. Characteristic is a progressive muscular atrophy. Researchers have found a connection between dystrophic muscles and the lymphatic system in mice with Duchenne disease.
Helminth infections common in Medieval Europe, grave study finds
Although helminth infections -- including tapeworms and roundworms -- are among the world's top neglected diseases, they are no longer endemic in Europe. However, researchers report that these infections were common in Medieval Europe, according to grave samples analyzed from across the continent.
From Research to Response: Survey Shifts Gears During COVID-19
From Research to Response: Survey Shifts Gears During COVID-19
Vertebral body tethering shows clinical success as treatment for scoliosis
Scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity affecting pediatric patients. A posterior spinal fusion (PSF) is the gold standard treatment for patients with curves exceeding 45 degrees, but the procedure's drawbacks include the loss of spinal mobility, persistent pain and adjacent segment disc disease. However, a new retrospective study shows an alternative to PSF called vertebral body tethering (VBT) yields promising results with fewer long-term consequences for a specific group of scoliosis patients.
New tool identifies which cancer patients are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy
A new diagnostic tool that can predict whether a cancer patient would respond to immunotherapy treatment has been developed. This advance in precision medicine will allow clinicians to tailor treatments specifically to patients and avoid treatment paths that are unlikely to be successful.
Japanese sake: the new pick-me-up? Yeast strain makes fatigue-fighting ornithine
Researchers have found that that a mutant strain of sake yeast produces high levels of the amino acid ornithine. Ornithine has been found to reduce fatigue and improve sleep quality, and the non-genetically modified mutant yeast strain discovered in this study could be easily applied to brewing sake, a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage, as well as wine and beer.
People with Moderate to Severe Asthma
COVID-19 can affect your respiratory tract (nose, throat, lungs), cause an asthma attack, and possibly lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory disease.
Interim Operational Considerations for Public Health Management of Healthcare Workers Exposed to or Infected with COVID-19: non-US Healthcare Settings
Interim Operational Considerations for Public Health Management of Healthcare Workers Exposed to or Infected with COVID-19: non-US Healthcare Settings
Binding sites for protein-making machinery
Researchers can predict how tightly a cell's protein synthesis machinery will bind to RNA sequences - even when dealing with many billions of different RNA sequences. This binding plays a key role in determining how much of a specific protein is produced. The scientists are developing their prediction model using a combination of synthetic biology experiments and machine learning algorithms.
About Masks
COVID-19 spreads mainly from person to person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.
Playfulness can be trained - here's why you should do it
Simple exercises can help to make people more playful and consequently feel more satisfied with their lives. This has been revealed in a new study by psychologists. The researchers had participants in an experiment perform a week of exercises to boost their playfulness. They found that the trait can be stimulated and trained - and that this improves a person's mood.
Are all vegetarian diets healthy?
Vegetarian foods are not equally healthy, according to new research.
Gut microbes could unlock the secret to healthy aging
Bacteria and other microorganisms in the digestive tract are linked with dozens of health conditions including high blood pressure, high blood lipids, and body mass index (BMI) according to new research.
Spouses shed more pounds together than alone
Weight loss is most successful in heart attack survivors when partners join in the effort to diet, according to new research.
Artificial pancreas effectively controls type 1 diabetes in children age 6 and up
A clinical trial at four pediatric diabetes centers in the United States has found that a new artificial pancreas system -- which automatically monitors and regulates blood glucose levels -- is safe and effective at managing blood glucose levels in children as young as age six with type 1 diabetes.
Female chromosomes offer resilience to Alzheimer's
Women live longer than men with Alzheimer's because their sex chromosomes give them genetic protection from the ravages of the disease. Women get two 'doses' of a gene that only exists on the X chromosome. And some people, both male and female, have an especially potent variant of this gene. Long-term studies of older people, many of whom already had mild cognitive impairment, showed women with one or two copies of the variant progressed more slowly toward Alzheimer's.
Notification of Exposure: A Contact Tracer's Guide for COVID-19
Notification of Exposure: A Contact Tracer's Guide for COVID-19
U.S. political parties become extremist to get more votes
New mathematical modeling shows that U.S. political parties are becoming increasingly polarized due to their quest for voters -- not because voters themselves are becoming more extremist.
Neutralizing antibodies appear to protect humans from coronavirus infection
A Seattle fishing vessel that departed port in May returned 18 days later with an unusual haul: the first human evidence that neutralizing antibodies provide protection from reinfection by SARS-CoV-2.
среда, 26 августа 2020 г.
Overlooked 'housekeeping' gene plays unexpected role in seizures
Molecules known as tRNAs are often overlooked in studies of disease processes. Researchers have found that a mutation in a tRNA gene called n-Tr20 -- expressed only in the brain -- can disrupt the landscape of entire cells, leading to chain reactions that alter brain function and behavior.
Sleep duration, efficiency and structure change in space
It's hard to get a good night's sleep in space. An evaluation of astronauts serving on the Mir space station found that they experienced shorter sleep durations, more wakefulness, and changes in the structure of their sleep cycles while in microgravity.
Study evaluates immersive virtual reality as a sleep aid for teens
While teens are encouraged to turn off electronics before bedtime, a new study suggests that visiting a virtual environment may benefit their sleep health. Researchers evaluated the efficacy of a novel intervention based on virtual reality and slow breathing to promote bedtime relaxation and sleep in high school students.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in untreated wastewater from Louisiana
Scientists have detected genetic material from SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater samples collected in April 2020 from two wastewater treatment plants in Louisiana.
Parental instruction instrumental for children to learn how to safely cross busy roads
New research shows parents who teach children ahead of time how to properly choose gaps in traffic can help them learn more quickly how to cross roads safely. The study found that timely instruction from parents led to improvements in children's road-crossing abilities.
Long naps may be bad for health
Many believe that lying down for a snooze is a harmless activity. But in newly presented research, scientists show that drifting off for more than one hour could be risky.
Spit in a tube to diagnose heart attack
A saliva test could fast track heart attack diagnosis, according to preliminary research. The innovative technique requires patients to spit into a tube and provides results in 10 minutes, compared to at least one hour for the standard blood test.
Obesity linked with higher risk for COVID-19 complications
From COVID-19 risk to recovery, the odds are stacked against those with obesity, and a new study raises concerns about the impact of obesity on the effectiveness of a future COVID-19 vaccine.
Unique HIV reservoirs in elite controllers
Unlike ART-treated individuals, elite controllers' viral reservoirs appear to be incapable of being reactivated. This likely helps the elite controllers maintain spontaneous, drug-free control of HIV.
How 'swapping bodies' with a friend changes our sense of self
A new study shows that, when pairs of friends swapped bodies in a perceptual illusion, their beliefs about their own personalities became more similar to their beliefs about their friends' personalities. The findings suggest that this tie between our psychological and physical sense of self is involved in memory function: when our mental self-concept doesn't match our physical self, our memory can become impaired.
Link between cognitive impairment and worse prognosis in heart failure patients
Despite new treatments such as modern medicines and defibrillators, the mortality rate with heart failure is still high and the prognosis worse than for certain cancers. A new study now shows a link between cognitive impairment and an increased risk for rehospitalization, or an early death, in heart failure patients.
Novel alkaline hydrogel advances skin wound care
Effective wound care requires the maintenance of optimal conditions for skin and tissue regeneration. Hydrogels provide many of these conditions, but not an alkaline environment. Now, in a breakthrough study, scientists have developed a new method that requires no specialized equipment and can be performed at room temperature to produce an alkaline hydrogel in five minutes, allowing its easy implementation in any medical practice for superior wound healing.
NBA playoff format is optimizing competitive balance by eliminating travel
In addition to helping protect players from COVID-19, the NBA 'bubble' in Orlando may be a competitive equalizer by eliminating team travel. Researchers analyzing the results of nearly 500 NBA playoff games over six seasons found that a team's direction of travel and the number of time zones crossed were associated with its predicted win probability and actual game performance.
How are information, disease, and social evolution linked?
In all social animals, gaining valuable information requires physical contact among individuals, an action that risks spreading contagion. New research describes the opposing evolutionary forces that give rise to the social networks of which we are a part. They developed a dynamic theoretical framework where individuals constantly update their social behaviors to reflect both the benefits and costs of interaction.
Seizures during menstrual cycle linked to drug-resistant epilepsy
More frequent seizures during the menstrual cycle in women with genetic generalized epilepsy have been linked for the first time to drug-resistant epilepsy, when anti-seizure medications don't work, according to a new study that may help lead to tailored treatments.
Fear of missing out impacts people of all ages
The social anxiety that other people are having fun without you, also known as FoMO, is more associated with loneliness, low self-esteem and low self-compassion than with age, according to a recent study.
Unlocking the mysteries of the brain
A research team highlights the mechanisms underlying memory and learning capacity -- specifically, how our brains process, store and integrate information.
Pollution exposure at work may be associated with heart abnormalities among Latinx community
Hispanic/Latinx adults exposed to burning wood, vehicle exhaust, pesticides or metals while at work may have abnormal heart structure and function. The longer workers are exposed at their jobs, the more likely they are to have heart structure and function abnormalities.
Depressed or anxious teens risk heart attacks in middle age
Depression or anxiety in adolescence is linked with a 20% greater likelihood of having a heart attack mid-life, according to new research.
Hip fracture risk linked to nanoscale bone inflexibility
New research has highlighted a preventative treatment gap in patients prone to bone fractures who are otherwise healthy.
вторник, 25 августа 2020 г.
COVID-19 Employer Information for Offshore Oil and Gas
COVID-19 Employer Information for Offshore Oil and Gas
What Offshore Oil and Gas Workers Need to Know about COVID-19
What Offshore Oil and Gas Workers Need to Know about COVID-19
Effectiveness of cloth masks depends on type of covering
Wearing a mask while out in public has become the recommended practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have now experimentally visualized the flow fields of coughs under various common mouth covering scenarios.
Studying water polo for kicks
Scientists measure the propulsive force of water polo players executing highly efficient 'eggbeater' kicks, paving the way to improved sports performance and new undersea transportation methods.
In sickness and in health: Cardiovascular disease in couples
Researchers show that the wives of men with major cardiovascular disease risk factors, namely hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, are more prone to suffer from the same disorders.
After You Travel
Depending on your travel history, you will be asked to stay home for a period of 14 days from the time you left an area with widespread or ongoing community spread.
Guidance for Administrators in Parks and Recreational Facilities
Guidance for Administrators in Parks and Recreational Facilities
COVID-19 taking a toll on everyday lives, research suggests
Research shows that COVID-19 has severely affected people's daily emotional lives and mental health.
Pots of gold engineered to help with early disease detection
Researchers have developed biosensors that use nanoengineered porous gold which more effectively detect early signs of disease, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Most adults with lupus or common types of arthritis have similar risks of getting admitted to hospital as other COVID-19 patients
Most adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are not at increased risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 due to medications used to dampen their altered immune system, the cause of their disease.
Treating COVID-19 could lead to increased antimicrobial resistance
Research suggests that the increased use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 patients could be placing an additional burden on waste water treatment works, particularly those serving large or emergency hospitals.
Cutting surgical robots down to size
Teleoperated surgical robots are becoming commonplace in operating rooms, but many are massive (sometimes taking up an entire room) and difficult to manipulate. Medical researchers and engineers have now created the mini-RCM, a surgical robot the size of a tennis ball that weighs as much as a penny, and performed significantly better than manually operated tools in delicate mock-surgical procedures.
Metabolic syndrome linked to worse outcomes for COVID-19 patients
Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who had a combination of high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes were over three times more likely to die from the disease, according to a new study.
No safe level of caffeine consumption for pregnant women and would-be mothers
Women who are pregnant or trying to conceive should be advised to avoid caffeine because the evidence suggests that maternal caffeine consumption is associated with negative pregnancy outcomes and that there is no safe level of consumption, finds an analysis of observational studies.
Citizens' adherence to COVID-19 social distancing measures depends on government response
New research finds that while social distancing is an effective preventative measure in the fight against COVID-19, there are significant variations being observed in how and why individuals follow the restrictions in South Korea, North American and Kuwait.
понедельник, 24 августа 2020 г.
People can make better choices when it benefits others
People are better at learning and decision-making when trying to avoid harm to others, according to new research.
Limiting Workplace Violence Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Policies in Retail and Services Businesses
Limiting Workplace Violence Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Policies in Retail and Services Businesses
Optical illusions explained in a fly's eyes
Why people perceive motion in some static images has mystified not only those who view these optical illusions but neuroscientists who have tried to explain the phenomenon. Now neuroscientists have found some answers in the eyes of flies.
In one cancer therapy, two halves are safer than a whole
Splitting one type of cancer drug in half and delivering the pieces separately to cancer cells could reduce life-threatening side effects and protect healthy, non-cancerous cells, a new study suggests.
Ventilators could be adapted to help two COVID-19 patients at once
New research has shown how ventilators could be adapted to help two patients simultaneously in the event of a shortage.
Machines rival expert analysis of stored red blood cell quality
Once outside the body, stored blood begins degrading until, by day 42, they're no longer usable. Until now, assessing its quality has required laborious microscopic examination by human experts. A new study reveals two methodologies that combine machine learning and state-of-the-art imaging to automate the process and eliminate human bias. If standardized, it could ensure more consistent, accurate assessments, with increased efficiency and better patient outcomes.
Living at higher altitudes associated with higher levels of child stunting
Children living at high altitudes found to be more stunted, on average, than peers at lower altitudes. The deficit increases above 500 meters above sea level, and persists as children age, indicating the need to tailor nutrition interventions targeted at children living in high altitudes.
Providing Care and Treatment for People Living with HIV in Low-Resource Non-US Settings During COVID-19 Pandemic
Providing Care and Treatment for People Living with HIV in Low-Resource Non-US Settings During COVID-19 Pandemic
Fat crystals trigger chronic inflammation
A congenital disorder of the fat metabolism can apparently cause chronic hyperreaction of the immune system.
How dinosaur research can help medicine
The intervertebral discs connect the vertebrae and give the spine its mobility. The disc consists of a cartilaginous fibrous ring and a gelatinous core as a buffer. It has always been assumed that only humans and other mammals have discs. A misconception, as a research team has now discovered: Even Tyrannosaurus rex could have suffered a slipped disc.
Wide variations in car seat breathing assessment conducted on premature newborns
A new study has found wide variations throughout the United States in the way hospitals ensure that premature or low birth weight infants can breathe safely in a car seat before discharging them. The same infant who passes a screening in one hospital's newborn nursery may fail in similar facilities at another hospital's nursery.
Finding a way to STING tumor growth
The immune protein STING has long been noted for helping protect against viruses and tumors by signaling a well-known immune molecule. Now, scientists have revealed that STING also activates a separate pathway, one that directly kills tumor-fighting immune cells.
Mother transmitted COVID-19 to baby during pregnancy, physicians report
A pregnant mother who tested positive for COVID-19 transmitted the virus causing the disease to her prematurely born baby, UT Southwestern physicians report. Both were treated and recovered.
Autistic people's nerve cells differ before birth
A new study now shows in human brain cells that autism, a neurodevelopmental condition, can now be traced back to prenatal development, even though the disorder is not diagnosed until at least 18 months of age. The atypical development starts at the very earliest stages of brain organization, at the level of individual brain cells, according to scientists.
Antibodies that may protect against COVID-19
A new study suggests that COVID-19 specific IgA monoclonal antibodies may provide effective immunity in the respiratory system against the novel coronavirus -- a potentially critical feature of an effective vaccine.
New surgical approach for women at risk of ovarian cancer
A new two-stage surgical approach for cancer prevention is highly acceptable among premenopausal women at high risk of ovarian cancer.
Failure to 'flatten the curve' may kill more people than we thought
New research finds that every six additional ICU beds or seven additional non-ICU beds filled by COVID-19 patients leads to one additional COVID-19 death over the following week.
Mechanisms identified to restore myelin sheaths after injury or in multiple sclerosis
A research team has identified an important mechanism that can be used to control the restoration of myelin sheaths following traumatic injury and in degenerative diseases. With the insights gained, the researchers were able to regenerate damaged myelin sheaths in mice by treating them with the active substance theophylline, thereby restoring their nerve cell function.
When it comes to supporting candidates, ideology trumps race and gender
Voters who express prejudice against minorities and women are still more likely to support candidates who most closely align with their ideologies, regardless of the race or sex of such candidates, according to new research.
Blood pressure medication improves COVID-19 survival rates, research finds
New research finds that medication for high blood pressure could improve Covid-19 survival rates and reduce the severity of infection.
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
None of the most common blood pressure medications increased the risk of depression, some lowered the risk
Among the 41 most common blood pressure medications, none of them raised the risk of depression, according to an analysis from Denmark. The study also found that some high blood pressure medications lowered the risk of depression. These findings may help guide medical professionals in selecting the right hypertension medication, particularly for people with a personal or family history of depression.
Deep chest compressions can prevent brain damage during cardiac arrest
Deep chest compressions can crack ribs, but they reduce brain damage during cardiac arrest, reports a new study.
Yoga linked with improved symptoms in heart patients
Yoga postures and breathing could help patients with atrial fibrillation manage their symptoms, according to new research. Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder. One in four middle-aged adults in Europe and the US will develop the condition, which causes 20-30% of all strokes and increases the risk of death by 1.5-fold in men and 2-fold in women.
Testing for COVID-19
If you are a close contact of someone with COVID-19 or you are a resident in a community where there is ongoing spread of COVID-19 and develop symptoms of COVID-19, call your healthcare provider and tell them about your symptoms and your exposure.
воскресенье, 23 августа 2020 г.
суббота, 22 августа 2020 г.
A new molecular guardian of intestinal stem cells
Researchers investigated how intestinal stem cells are controlled at the molecular level to remain stem cells or to develop into one of various intestinal cells. By studying mice lacking the protein IRF2, the researchers found a blunted regenerative response and an increased development of immature Paneth cells upon intestinal inflammation and infection. These findings help clarify the molecular biology of intestinal stem cells.
COVID-19 Guidance for Shared or Congregate Housing
COVID-19 Guidance for Shared or Congregate Housing
Bioluminescent tag to detect DNA break repair
A new bioluminescent reporter that tracks DNA double stranded break (DSB) repair in cells has been developed.
Long-acting, injectable drug could strengthen efforts to prevent, treat HIV
Scientists have developed an injectable drug that blocks HIV from entering cells. They say the new drug potentially offers long-lasting protection from the infection with fewer side effects. The drug, which was tested in non-human primates, could eventually replace or supplement components of combination drug 'cocktail' therapies currently used to prevent or treat the virus.
пятница, 21 августа 2020 г.
Know When to Delay your Travel to Avoid Spreading COVID-19
Know When to Delay your Travel to Avoid Spreading COVID-19
Road Travel Toolkit for Transportation Partners
Communication Toolkit for Transportation Partners to Inform Road Travelers
Travel
This page includes information about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for travelers and travel-related industries.
'Selfies' could be used to detect heart disease
Sending a 'selfie' to the doctor could be a cheap and simple way of detecting heart disease, according to researchers. Their study is the first to show that it's possible to use a deep learning computer algorithm to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) by analyzing four photographs of a person's face.
New 'molecular computers' find the right cells
New nanoscale devices, made of synthetic proteins, have been designed to target a therapeutic agent only to cells with a specific, predetermined combinations of cell surface markers. They operate on their own and search out cells they were programmed to find. The hope is that they might guide CAR T cancer therapy, and other treatments where precision is critical, through a sort of molecular beacon.
Skat and poker: More luck than skill?
Chess requires playing ability and strategic thinking; in roulette, chance determines victory or defeat, gain or loss. But what about skat and poker? Are they games of chance or games of skill in game theory? This classification also determines whether play may involve money. Economists have studied this question and developed a rating system similar to the Elo system used for chess.
More than politics or age, psychological disease avoidance linked to preventative behavior, study finds
More than other factors, strong feelings of germ aversion and pathogen disgust are significantly associated with concern about COVID-19 and preventative behavior, according to a new study. The findings are part of a year-long examination of how behavior and social attitudes change, and what factors influence those changes, when people in the United States are faced with the threat of widespread disease.
Why babies don't always remember what they have learned
If and how babies recall what they have learned depends on their mood: what they've learned when feeling calm is inaccessible when they're acitive and vice versa. This was shown in a study with 96 children aged nine months.
Self-collected saliva and deep nasal swabs are equally effective for diagnosing COVID-19, study finds
Self-collected saliva and deep nasal swabs collected by healthcare providers are equally effective for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, according to a new study.
Inconsistencies in data presentation could harm efforts against COVID-19
Since COVID-19 emerged late last year, there's been an enormous amount of research produced on this novel coronavirus disease. But the content publicly available for this data and the format in which it's presented lack consistency across different countries' national public health institutes, greatly limiting its usefulness, Children's National Hospital scientists report in a new study.
CDC Media Telebriefing: Update on COVID-19
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will provide an update to media on the COVID-19 response.
New insights into lung tissue in COVID-19 disease
Researchers have developed a new three-dimensional imaging technique to visualize tissue damage in severe COVID-19.
Reproducing the pathophysiology of polycystic kidney disease from human iPS cells
A research project has successfully reproduced the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) from human iPS cells in vitro. Although cysts derived from renal tubules have been previously documented, this is the first derivation of cysts from collecting ducts, which is more closely related to the pathogenesis of the disease. This research is expected to lead to a better understanding of disease states and the development of new treatment methods.
A gatekeeper against insulin resistance in the brain
The brain plays a major role in controlling our blood glucose levels. In type 2 diabetes this glucose metabolism brain control is often dysfunctional. A group of scientists has now shown that in men a genetic variant of the gene DUSP8 can increase the risk for T2D by impairing our brain response to the hormone insulin.
Your in-laws' history of drinking problems could lead to alcohol issues of your own
A study of more than 300,000 couples in Sweden finds marriage to a spouse who grew up exposed to parental alcohol misuse increases a person's likelihood of developing a drinking problem.
COVID-19 Forecasts: Deaths
CDC works with partners to bring together weekly forecasts for COVID-19 deaths in one place. These forecasts have been developed independently and shared publicly. It is important to bring these forecasts together to help understand how they compare with each other and how much uncertainty there is about what may happen in the upcoming four weeks.
Strategies for Protecting K-12 School Staff from COVID-19
Strategies for Protecting K-12 School Staff from COVID-19
четверг, 20 августа 2020 г.
Blood clots and lung injuries found in patients who have died of COVID-19
A new post-mortem study of patients who have died from COVID-19 found severe damage to the lungs and signs of blood clotting in major organs.
Considerations for Schools
CDC offers considerations for ways in which schools can help protect students, teachers, administrators, and staff and slow the spread of COVID-19.
Affirmative action incentivizes high schoolers to perform better, new research shows
Affirmative action is a contentious issue across the globe, hotly debated in countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Nigeria and Brazil, as well as in the United States. While the direct effects of affirmative action on college admissions are well known, new evidence from India shows that affirmative action has indirect benefits on the behavior of underrepresented high school students, who tend to stay in school longer when they know higher education is within reach.
A healthy lifestyle for cardiovascular health also promotes good eye health
Investigators found that ideal cardiovascular health, which is indicative of a healthy lifestyle, was associated with lower odds for ocular diseases especially diabetic retinopathy. These findings suggest that interventions to prevent cardiovascular diseases may also hold promise in preventing ocular diseases.
A smart eye mask that tracks muscle movements to tell what 'caught your eye'
Integrating first-of-its-kind washable hydrogel electrodes with a pulse sensor, researchers have developed smart eyewear to track eye movement and cardiac data for physiological and psychological studies. The eyewear provides accurate measurements in an everyday environment without compromising users' comfort.
February lockdown in China caused a drop in some types of air pollution, but not others
Nitrogen dioxide, which comes from transportation, was half of what would be expected over China in February 2020. Other emissions and cloud properties, however, showed no significant changes.
Generic public health messages work best at shifting dietary behaviors
A new health economics study warns that health information which offers specific advice tailored to individuals can inadvertently often backfire.
Contact tracing apps unlikely to contain COVID-19 spread: UK researchers
Contract tracing apps used to reduce the spread of COVID-19 are unlikely to be effective without proper uptake and support from concurrent control measures, finds a new study by researchers in the United Kingdom. The systematic review shows that large-scale manual contact tracing alongside other public health control measures -- such as physical distancing and closure of indoor spaces such as pubs -- is likely to be required in conjunction with automated approaches.
New research finds association between COVID-19 hospital use and mortality
Researchers have found a statistical relationship between the number of hospital beds (ICU and non-ICU) occupied by COVID-19 patients in a state and reported mortality.
Anorexia may stunt young women's growth
Girls with anorexia nervosa can have stunted growth and may not reach their full height potential, according to a new study.
Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads more indoors at low humidity
The airborne transmission of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 via aerosol particles in indoor environment seems to be strongly influenced by relative humidity, concludes the analysis of 10 most relevant international studies on the subject. Therefore, they recommend controlling the indoor air in addition to the usual measures such as social distancing and masks. A relative humidity of 40 to 60 percent could reduce the spread of the viruses and their absorption through the nasal mucous membrane.
Researchers show children are silent spreaders of virus that causes COVID-19
Researchers provide critical data showing that children play a larger role in the community spread of COVID-19 than previously thought.
Broccoli and Brussels sprouts a cut above for blood vessel health
New research has shown some of our least favorite vegetables could be the most beneficial when it comes to preventing advanced blood vessel disease.
COVID-19: How South Korea prevailed while the United States failed
In a commentary, researchers demonstrate the stark differences in public health strategies from two democratic republics: South Korea and the United States, which have led to alarming differences in cases and deaths from COVID-19. After adjusting for the 6.5 fold differences in populations, the U.S. has suffered 47 times more cases and 79 times more deaths than South Korea.
Study adds to evidence that cells in the nose are key entry point for SARS CoV-2
Scientists experimenting with a small number of human cell samples report that the 'hook' of cells used by SARS-CoV-2 to latch onto and infect cells is up to 700 times more prevalent in the olfactory supporting cells lining the inside of the upper part of the nose than in the lining cells of the rest of the nose and windpipe that leads to the lungs.
Unique protein structures could hold the key to treatment for Parkinson's disease
Scientists have discovered a series of protein structures that are thought to be highly relevant to the onset of Parkinson's disease. It is hoped that further analysis of these structures will open up a new avenue for potential treatment for a disease that is the fastest growing neurological condition in the world, with no cure currently available.
'Biorubber' glue created for faster surgical recovery and pain relief
Materials scientists have invented a new type of surgical glue that can help join blood vessels and close wounds faster and may also serve as a platform to deliver pain relief drugs.
Defiance and low trust in medical doctors related to vaccine scepticism
A new study shows that individuals who react negatively to rules and recommendations and have lower trust in doctors more often use complementary and alternative medicine, that is, treatments or substances that are not included in the care offered or recommended by doctors.
Air pollution linked to higher risk of young children developing asthma
Children exposed to higher levels of fine particles in the air (known as PM2.5) are more likely to develop asthma and persistent wheezing than children who are not exposed, finds a new study.
Premature delivery linked to heightened risk of early death for mothers
Preterm and early term delivery are independent risk factors for premature death in women up to 40 years later, finds a new study.
Shifting public health messaging about face coverings could improve uptake
Encouraging the public to see face masks as a social practice, which they can use to express their cultural background or their personality, could encourage more people to use them regularly, say researchers.
среда, 19 августа 2020 г.
Operational Considerations for Community Isolation Centers for COVID-19 in Low-Resource Settings
Operational Considerations for Community Isolation Centers for COVID-19 in Low-Resource Settings
High blood pressure during pregnancy may mean worse hot flashes during menopause
Women with a history of high blood pressure disorders during pregnancy are more likely to experience bothersome menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats, according to a new study.
OCT-based technique captures subtle details of photoreceptor function
Researchers have developed a new instrument that has, for the first time, measured tiny light-evoked deformations in individual rods and cones in a living human eye. The new approach could one day improve detection of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness in people over 55 worldwide.
Naming guides how 12-month-old infants encode and remember objects
Even for infants just beginning to speak their first words, the way an object is named guides infants' encoding, representation and memory for that object, according to new research. Encoding objects in memory and recalling them later is fundamental to human cognition and emerges in infancy. Evidence from a new recognition memory task reveals that as they encode objects, infants are sensitive to a principled link between naming and object representation by 12 months.
Heart attack damage reduced by shielded stem cells
Bioengineers and surgeons have shown in rodents that a four-week shielded stem cell treatment can reduce damage caused by a heart attack.
COVID-19 in Newly Resettled Refugee Populations
Refugees to the United States, especially those who are recently resettled, may be in living or working conditions that put them at higher risk of getting COVID-19.
Team creates better tool to aid COVID-19 diagnosis
A radiologist and an evolutionary anatomist have teamed up to show the same techniques used for research on reptile and bird lungs can be used to help confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients. Their paper demonstrates that 3D models are a strikingly clearer method for visually evaluating the distribution of COVID-19-related infection in the respiratory system.
Toward a coronavirus breathalyzer test
Researchers have developed a prototype device that non-invasively detected COVID-19 in the exhaled breath of infected patients.
Speeding up nerve regrowth for trauma patients
Researchers have found a treatment that increases the speed of nerve regeneration by three to five times, leading to much better outcomes for trauma surgery patients.
First immune-evading cells created to treat type 1 diabetes
Scientists have made a major advance in the pursuit of a safe and effective treatment for type 1 diabetes, an illness that impacts an estimated 1.6 million Americans with a cost of $14.4 billion annually. Using stem cell technology, researchers generated the first human insulin-producing pancreatic cell clusters able to evade the immune system. These 'immune shielded' cell clusters controlled blood glucose without immunosuppressive drugs once transplanted in the body.
Toddlers who use touchscreens show attention differences
New research from the TABLET project recruited 12-month-old infants who had different levels of touchscreen usage.
Study of one million Danish children: Childhood adversity increases the risk of early death
Social adversity in early childhood appears to be a significant risk factor for death in early adulthood. Children who have experienced repeated serious adversity such as losing a parent, mental illness in the family, poverty or being placed in foster care have a 4.5 times higher risk of dying in early adulthood than children who have not experienced adversity during childhood.
Digital contact tracing alone may not be miracle answer for COVID-19
In infectious disease outbreaks, digital contact tracing alone could reduce the number of cases, but not as much as manual contract tracing, new research reveals.
Biomedical scientists piece together how medication paralyzes parasitic worms
A new study upends the widely held belief that a medication used to treat lymphatic filariasis doesn't directly target the parasites that cause the disease. The research shows the medication, diethylcarbamazine, temporarily paralyzes the parasites.
CDC data show disproportionate COVID-19 impact in American Indian/Alaska Native populations
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a new study that specifically examines how COVID-19 is affecting American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) - one of the racial and ethnic minority groups at highest risk from the disease. CDC found that in 23 selected states, the cumulative incidence of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among AI/AN was 3.5 times that of non-Hispanic whites.
Study sheds new light on certainty of opinions
Researchers for years have understood how attitudes held with certainty might predict behavior, but psychologists now suggest there may be a more general disposition at work that predicts the certainty of newly formed evaluations, just as they do for pre-existing opinions.
Understanding the inner workings of the human heart
Researchers used artificial intelligence and genetic analyses to examine the structure of the inner surface of the heart using 25,000 MRI scans. They found that the complex network of muscle fibers lining the inside of the heart, called trabeculae, allows blood to flow more efficiently and can influence the risk of heart failure. The study answers very old questions in basic human physiology and leads to new directions for understanding heart diseases.
Portrait of a virus
Researchers create a centralized electronic medical records tool to gather, monitor, analyze clinical trends in COVID-19 across multiple countries. Proof-of-concept platform overcomes key hurdles of decentralized EMR systems.
Further details revealed about a highly-efficient anticancer drug delivery system
The majority of drug delivery systems use nano carriers to transport drugs due to their small size and ability to distribute drugs to otherwise inaccessible sites of the body. The downside to this small size, however, is that large quantities are needed to match the required dosage.
RNA as a future cure for hereditary diseases
Scientists have developed an RNA molecule that can be used in bone marrow cells to correct genetic errors that affect protein production. Patients suffering from a rare hereditary disease that causes a painful hypersensitivity to sunlight could benefit in future.
вторник, 18 августа 2020 г.
Monitoring and Evaluation Action Guide: Wearing Masks as a COVID-19 Community Mitigation Strategy
Monitoring and Evaluation Action Guide: Wearing Masks as a COVID-19 Community Mitigation Strategy
Smart AI makes all kinds of shapes on its own
POSTECH research team develops an artificial neural network system that recommends plastic molding process conditions.
Multivitamin, mineral supplement linked to less-severe, shorter-lasting illness symptoms
Older adults who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with zinc and high amounts of vitamin C in a 12-week study experienced sickness for shorter periods and with less severe symptoms than counterparts in a control group receiving a placebo.
Food safety model may help pandemic management
No precedent exists for managing the COVID-19 pandemic, although a plan for working through major public food scares may point to the best ways of alerting and communicating with the public.
Smartphones can tell when you're drunk by analyzing your walk
Your smartphone can tell when you've had too much to drink by detecting changes in the way you walk, according to a new study.
Airborne viruses can spread on dust, non-respiratory particles
Influenza viruses can spread through the air on dust, fibers and other microscopic particles, according to new research. The findings have obvious implications for coronavirus transmission as well as influenza.
Women less likely to receive pay for college internships
The odds of women receiving pay for a college internship are 34% lower than for men, according to new research.
New gene therapy approach eliminates at least 90% latent herpes simplex virus 1
Infectious disease researchers have used a gene editing approach to remove latent herpes simplex virus 1, or HSV-1, also known as oral herpes. In animal models, the findings show at least a 90 percent decrease in the latent virus, enough researchers expect that it will keep the infection from coming back.
Insect wings inspire new ways to fight superbugs
The wings of cicadas and dragonflies are natural bacteria killers, inspiring scientists who are searching for new ways to defeat drug-resistant superbugs. They've now revealed how bioinspired nanomaterials physically destroy bacteria. It's a vital step on the way to delivering precisely engineered anti-bacterial surfaces, and powerful new weapons in the fight against deadly superbugs.
Low humidity increases COVID-19 risk: Another reason to wear a mask
A new study from Australia confirms a link between COVID-19 cases and lower humidity.
Unraveling the initial molecular events of respiration
Physicists from Switzerland, Japan and Germany have unveiled the mechanism by which the first event of respiration takes place in heme proteins.
Wide variation across hospitals in nurse staffing is threat to public's health
According to a new study, many hospitals in New York and Illinois were understaffed right before the first surge of critically ill Covid-19 patients. The study documented staffing ratios that varied from 3 to 10 patients for each nurse on general adult medical and surgical units. ICU nurse staffing was better but also varied significantly across hospitals.
Low-cost home air quality monitors prove useful for wildfire smoke
A new study by air quality scientists tested four models of low-cost air quality monitors during actual wildfire pollution events and found that their readings of PM2.5 - or particulate matter under 2.5 microns, which has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular issues - were consistently higher than the reference monitor used by the regulatory agencies; however, since each monitor had a relatively consistent response to the smoke, it is possible to use the readings to estimate true PM2.5 levels.
Cashew shell compound appears to mend damaged nerves
In laboratory experiments, a chemical compound found in the shell of the cashew nut promotes the repair of myelin, a team reports today.
Researchers discover protective factor against psychological trauma
The endogenous regulation of a specific gene is associated with a reduced risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder following a terrifying experience. In particular, traumatic memories of the experience are less severe.
Novel method can efficiently create several 'building blocks' of pharmaceutical drugs
Scientists demonstrate a new method of producing a specific class of organic compounds, which promises to accelerate drug discovery research for several diseases.
понедельник, 17 августа 2020 г.
Operational Considerations for Maintaining Essential Services and Providing Prevention, Care, and Treatment for Tuberculosis (TB) in Low-Resource non-US Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Operational Considerations for Maintaining Essential Services and Providing Prevention, Care, and Treatment for Tuberculosis (TB) in Low-Resource non-US Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Interim Guidance for Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2
Interim Guidance for Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2
Postmenopausal women at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, review suggests
A new review suggests that following menopause, women are at higher risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic condition caused by the build-up of excess fat in the liver not caused by alcohol.
Targeted therapy combination effective for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma and BRAF mutations
In a Phase II trial a combination targeted therapy achieved a 51% overall response rate in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and BRAF V600E mutations. This is the first prospective study for this group of patients.
Antibiotics associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease
Antibiotics use, particularly antibiotics with greater spectrum of microbial coverage, may be associated with an increased risk of new-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its subtypes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, according to a new study.
Measuring social networks of young adults with autism
While social isolation is a core challenge associated with autism, researchers have laid the groundwork to show how interpersonal relationships, and the resources they provide, could impact autistic youth's adult outcomes.
Autism-cholesterol link
A new study identifies a subtype of autism arising from a cluster of genes that regulate cholesterol metabolism and brain development.
COVID-19 hospitalizations analysis shows disparities across racial and ethnic groups
Adding to mounting evidence of COVID-19's disproportionate impact on some US communities, a new analysis of hospitalization rates shows Black, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaskan Native populations in the United States are significantly more likely to be hospitalized due to COVID-19 than whites.
Survival of the fit-ish
It can be hard to dispute the common adage 'survival of the fittest'. After all, 'most of the genes in the genome are there because they're doing something good,' says a researcher. But, she says, 'others are just there because they've figured out a way to be there.'
Widespread electric vehicle adoption would save billions of dollars, thousands of lives
A new study found that if EVs replaced 25% of combustion-engine cars currently on the road, the United States would save approximately $17 billion annually by avoiding damages from climate change and air pollution. In more aggressive scenarios -- replacing 75% of cars with EVs and increasing renewable energy generation -- savings could reach as much as $70 billion annually.
Negative side effects of opioids could be coming from users' own immune systems
In addition to possibly developing opioid use disorder, those who take opioids long term can develop chronic inflammation and heightened pain sensitivity. Scientists now report that some of those side effects might be influenced by the body's own immune system, which can make antibodies against the drugs.
Immunotherapy extends survival in mouse model of hard-to-treat breast cancer
Immunotherapies for cancer -- treatments that prime the immune system to attack tumors -- are valuable weapons in the anti-cancer arsenal. But some cancers are more difficult to target with this strategy than others. Today, scientists report a new immunotherapy that dramatically extends the survival of mice that have triple negative breast tumors, a difficult-to-treat form of cancer.
Micro- and nanoplastics detectable in human tissues
Plastic pollution is a global problem. Even when plastic bags or water bottles break down, tiny fragments can still contaminate the environment. Animals and humans can ingest the particles, with uncertain health consequences. Now, scientists report that they are among the first to examine micro- and nanoplastics in human organs and tissues.
More healthful milk chocolate by adding peanut, coffee waste
Milk chocolate is a consumer-favorite worldwide, prized for its sweet flavor and creamy texture. In contrast, dark chocolate has high levels of phenolic compounds, which can provide antioxidant health benefits, but is less popular. Today, researchers report a new way to combine milk chocolate with waste peanut skins and other wastes to boost its antioxidant properties.
Bio-based communication networks could control cells in the body to treat conditions
Electronic devices and biological cells communicate through very different mechanisms. Now, scientists report progress on tiny communication networks that overcome this language barrier, allowing electronics to eavesdrop on cells and alter their behavior -- and vice versa. Potential applications include a capsule that could be swallowed to track blood sugar and make insulin when needed.
Targeting iron uptake to create a new class of antibiotics against UTIs
At least half of all women will have a urinary tract infection during their lifetimes, and many of the infections -- which have increasingly become resistant to a wide array of antibiotics -- recur. Now, researchers report early progress toward developing a new class of antibiotics that would fight these infections by starving the causative bacteria of iron.
'Cyborg' technology could enable new diagnostics, merger of humans and AI
Although true 'cyborgs' are science fiction, researchers are moving toward integrating electronics with the body. Such devices could monitor tumors or replace damaged tissues. But connecting electronics directly to human tissues in the body is a huge challenge. Today, a team is reporting new coatings for components that could help them more easily fit into this environment.
Stopping tooth decay before it starts -- without killing bacteria
Eating sugar or other carbohydrates after dental cleanings causes oral bacteria to quickly rebuild plaque and to produce acids that corrode tooth enamel, leading to cavities. Today, scientists report a treatment that could someday stop plaque and cavities from forming in the first place, using a new type of cerium nanoparticle formulation.
Mixing silk with polymers could lead to better biomedical implants
Spun by spiders and silkworms, silk has mystified human engineers who have yet to figure out how to artificially recreate it. But by combining silk with synthetic compounds, researchers are getting closer to developing new implantable composite materials with the best properties of both. Potential applications include structures that hold bone in place or replacements for cartilage.
Half of parents report butting heads with child's grandparent over parenting
Nearly half of parents describe disagreements with one or more grandparent about their parenting, with one in seven going so far as to limit the amount of time their child sees certain grandparents.
Realtime observation of structural dynamic of influenza A hemagglutinin during viral entry
Unlike living organisms, to avoid extinction, viruses need to hijack living host machineries to generate new viruses. The devastating respiratory virus, influenza A virus, utilize its hemagglutinin (HA) proteins to search for suitable host cells. Generally, HA has two important functions: selection of host cell and viral entry. Upon attaching to host cells, Influenza A virus are brought into host cells via endocytosis. A lipid bilayer cargo, known as endosome, carries influenza A virus from cell membrane into cytoplasm of host cell. Although the environment inside endosome is acidic, influenza A virus remains alive. More strikingly, HA undergoes structural change to mediate viral membrane to fuse with host endosomal membrane to form a hole in order to release viral components.
Social distancing decreased pediatric respiratory tract infections in Finland
Finland declared a lockdown in response to the coronavirus pandemic in March 2020, and the ensuing social distancing measures decreased the number of pediatric emergency room visits to nearly one-third of what they used to be, according to a recent study.
To perceive faces, your brain relies on a process similar to face recognition systems
Imagine if every time you looked at a face, one side of the face always appeared distorted as if it were melting, resembling a painting by Salvador Dalí. This is the case for people with hemi-prosopometamophosia (hemi-PMO). A new study finds that people with hemi-PMO see distortions to the same half of a person's face regardless of how it is viewed. The results show how the the brain uses a process similar to computer face recognition systems to perceive faces.
Tumor gene test could help to predict ovarian cancer prognosis
A global team of medical researchers led by UNSW have developed a test that could help to predict survival for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and pave the way towards personalised treatment.
Simultaneous stimulation helped a spinal cord injury patient regain the ability to walk
The first promising results have been achieved in the application of synchronized electrical and magnetic stimulation therapy when rehabilitating a paraplegic patient and restoring his ability to walk.
Immune response to Sars-Cov-2 following organ transplantation
Even patients with suppressed immune systems can achieve a strong immune response to Sars-Cov-2. A test helps to adapt therapy following an infection.
Information for Healthcare Professionals about Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Resources for Healthcare Professionals Caring for COVID-19 Patients
воскресенье, 16 августа 2020 г.
COVID-19 symptom tracker ensures privacy during isolation
An online COVID-19 symptom tracking tool developed by researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center ensures a person's confidentiality while being able to actively monitor their symptoms. The tool is not proprietary and can be used by entities that are not able to develop their own tracking systems.
Duration of Isolation and Precautions for Adults with COVID-19
This guidance outlines key considerations for states and healthcare systems to consider strategies for transferring patients, staff, and supplies between health facilities to optimize patient care, balance resources, and minimize use of crisis care standards. One option is the identification of relief healthcare facilities and establishing or coordinating with existing federal, state, or regional Medical Operation Coordination Cells (MOCC). The implementation of the elements highlighted in this guidance can be found in the Federal MOCC Toolkit reference throughout.
Scientists identify the order of COVID-19's symptoms
Knowing which symptoms appear first will help doctors identify COVID-19 patients sooner and make better treatment decisions.
Task force examines role of mobile health technology in COVID-19 pandemic
An international task force concludes in new research that mobile health (mHealth) technologies are a viable option to monitor COVID-19 patients at home and predict which ones will need medical intervention.
Information for Laboratories about Coronavirus (COVID-19)
This page includes interim guidance and resources for laboratory professionals working with specimens from persons under investigation (PUI) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Is the COVID-19 virus pathogenic because it depletes specific host microRNAs?
Researchers propose that the COVID-19 virus acts as a microRNA 'sponge' to deplete miRNA levels in ways that aid viral replication and stymie the host immune response.
Frequently used serology test may not detect antibodies that could confirm protection against reinfection of COVID-19, study shows
Two different types of detectable antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) tell very different stories and may indicate ways to enhance public health efforts against the disease, according to researchers.
Pregnant mother's immunity tied to behavioral, emotional challenges for kids with autism
Children with autism born to mothers who had immune conditions during their pregnancy are more likely to have behavioral and emotional problems, a new study has found. Offspring sex may also interact with maternal immune conditions to influence outcomes, particularly in terms of a child's cognition.
Older Adults
Older adults, 65 years and older, are at higher risk for severe illness. COVID-19 is a new disease and we are learning more about it every day.
суббота, 15 августа 2020 г.
Frequently Asked Questions about Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Laboratories
Frequently Asked Questions about Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Laboratories
Guidance for General Laboratory Safety Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Guidance for General Laboratory Safety Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Operational Considerations for Immunization Services during COVID-19 in Non-US Settings Focusing on Low-Middle Income Countries
Operational Considerations for Immunization Services during COVID-19 in Non-US Settings Focusing on Low-Middle Income Countries
пятница, 14 августа 2020 г.
Weight between young adulthood and midlife linked to early mortality
A new study finds that changes in weight between young adulthood and midlife may have important consequences for a person's risk of early death.
Hypothesis underlying the sensitivity of mammalian auditory system overturned
A new study challenges a decades-old hypothesis on adaptation, a key feature in how sensory cells of the inner ear (hair cells) detect sound.
Rewriting the recent history of productive Cascade Arc volcanoes
Volcanic eruptions in the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest over the last 2.6 million years are more numerous and closely connected to subsurface signatures of currently active magma than commonly thought, according to newly publish research.
People with Moderate to Severe Asthma
COVID-19 can affect your respiratory tract (nose, throat, lungs), cause an asthma attack, and possibly lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory disease.
An AI algorithm to help identify homeless youth at risk of substance abuse
While many programs and initiatives have been implemented to address the prevalence of substance abuse among homeless youth in the United States, they don't always include data-driven insights about environmental and psychological factors that could contribute to an individual's likelihood of developing a substance use disorder. Now, an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm could help predict susceptibility to substance use disorder among young homeless individuals, and suggest personalized rehabilitation programs for highly susceptible homeless youth.
Study explores the association of malaria, HIV with anemia during pregnancy
Pregnant women from sub-Saharan Africa with malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher prevalence of anemia than pregnant women without infections, according to researchers. The findings may have implications for reducing the risk of death in pregnant women and preventing low birth weights and neurocognitive impairment in their children as a result of anemia.
Information for Pediatric Healthcare Providers
Information when managing pediatric patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.
Social connection is the strongest protective factor for depression
Researchers have identified a set of modifiable factors from a field of over 100 that could represent valuable targets for preventing depression in adults. The team named social connection as the strongest protective factor for depression, and suggested that reducing sedentary activities such as TV watching and daytime napping could also help lower the risk of depression.
Scientists demonstrate how genetic variations cause eczema
New research delineates how two relatively common variations in a gene called KIF3A are responsible for an impaired skin barrier that allows increased water loss from the skin, promoting the development of atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema. This finding could lead to genetic tests that empower parents and physicians to take steps to potentially protect vulnerable infants from developing atopic dermatitis and additional allergic diseases.
Newly identified gut cells nurture lymph capillaries
IBS research team has identified new subsets of gut connective cells, which are crucial for lymphatic growth.The findings imply a crucial link between the physiology of intestinal environment and biological interactions between cell types.
Many medical 'rainy day' accounts aren't getting opened or filled
One-third of the people who could benefit from a special type of savings account to cushion the blow of their health plan deductible aren't doing so, a new study finds. And even among people who do open a health savings account, half haven't put any money into it in the past year. This means they may be missing a chance to avoid taxes on money they can use to pay for their health insurance deductible and other costs.
Researchers discover the microbiome's role in attacking cancerous tumors
Researchers have discovered which gut bacteria help our immune system battle cancerous tumors and how they do it. The discovery may provide a new understanding of why immunotherapy, a treatment for cancer that helps amplify immune response, works in some cases, but not others. The findings show combining immunotherapy with specific microbial therapy helps the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells in three forms of cancer.
Seasonal flu vaccinations don't 'stick' long-term in bone marrow
Seasonal flu vaccination does increase the number of antibody-producing cells specific for flu in the bone marrow. However, most of the newly generated cells are lost within one year, researchers found.
Becoming a nerve cell: Timing is of the essence
Researchers find that mitochondria regulate a key event during brain development: how neural stem cells become nerve cells. Mitochondria influence this cell fate switch during a precise period that is twice as long in humans compared to mice. This highlights an unexpected function for mitochondria that may help explain how humans developed a bigger brain during evolution, and how mitochondrial defects lead to neurodevelopmental diseases.
Syphilis may have spread through Europe before Columbus
Columbus brought syphilis to Europe -- or did he? A recent study now indicates that Europeans could already have been infected with this sexually transmitted disease before the 15th century. In addition, researchers have discovered a hitherto unknown pathogen causing a related disease. The predecessor of syphilis and its related diseases could be over 2,500 years old.
This online calculator can predict your stroke risk
Doctors can predict patients' stroke risk by using an online tool that measures the severity of their metabolic syndrome, a conglomeration of conditions that includes high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels and excess body fat.
четверг, 13 августа 2020 г.
The behavior of therapeutic antibodies in immunotherapy
Since the late 1990s, immunotherapy has been the frontline treatment against lymphomas where synthetic antibodies are used to stop the proliferation of cancerous white blood cells. However, in the more than 20 years since their use began, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this therapy are still little understood. For the first time, scientists have observed the interaction between therapeutic antibodies and their target protein.
MS drug may be used to inhibit HIV infection and reduce latent reservoir
A multiple sclerosis drug may be used to block HIV infection and reduce the latent reservoir, according to new research.
Cancer mapping may solve puzzle of regional disease links
New statistical analysis finds cancer mapping may help question regional disease links.
Virus uses decoy strategy to evade immune system
Researchers have learnt more about how viruses operate and can evade the immune system and are now using their discovery to help learn more about COVID-19.
Fireflies shed light on the function of mitochondria
By making mice bioluminescent, scientists have found a way to monitor the activity of mitochondria in living organisms.
среда, 12 августа 2020 г.
What In-home Social Service Providers and Clients Need to Know about COVID-19
What In-home Social Service Providers and Clients Need to Know about COVID-19
New study suggests ADHD- like behavior helps spur entrepreneurial activity
Many people have experienced a few nights of bad sleep that resulted in shifting attention spans, impulsive tendencies and hyperactivity the next day -- all behaviors resembling ADHD. A new study found that this dynamic may also be linked to increased entrepreneurial behavior.
'Reelin' in a new treatment for multiple sclerosis
In an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), decreasing the amount of a protein made in the liver significantly protected against development of the disease's characteristic symptoms and promoted recovery in symptomatic animals, scientists report.
Lack of females in drug dose trials leads to overmedicated women
Women are more likely than men to suffer adverse side effects of medications because drug dosages have historically been based on clinical trials conducted on men, suggests new research.
New generation of drugs show early efficacy against drug-resistant TB
New drug regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis shows early effectiveness in 85 percent of patients in a cohort including many with serious comorbidities. The results suggest a global need for expanded access to two recently developed medicines, bedaquiline and delamanid. Study cohort included many people who would have been excluded from trials because of comorbidities, severity of disease or extent of drug resistance. Findings highlight the importance of innovative regimens to improve outcomes for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Improving treatment of spinal cord injuries
Bioengineers have created an osmotic therapy device that gently removes fluid from the spinal cord to reduce swelling in injured rats with good results. The device can eventually be scaled up for testing in humans.
Human milk based fortifiers improve health outcomes for the smallest premature babies
More than 380,000 babies are born prematurely in the United States each year, according to the March of Dimes. 'Preemies' can be severely underweight babies and struggle to get the nutrients they need from breast milk alone, so neonatal intensive care units provide an additional milk fortifier, either in the form of cow's milk or manufactured from donor breast milk, to keep them healthy.
Study provides insights into how Zika virus suppresses the host immune system
A research team has outlined how the Zika virus, which constituted an epidemic threat in 2016, suppresses the immune system of its host. The work provides valuable structural and functional information on the interaction between ZIKV and its host and offers a framework for the development of vaccines and antivirals.
Yoga shown to improve anxiety, study shows
A new study finds yoga improves symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, suggesting the popular practice may be helpful in treating anxiety in some people.
Oxygen therapy harms lung microbiome in mice
A new mouse study hints that oxygen therapy may have unintended consequences via an unexpected source -- the microbiome.
Trustful collaboration critical for outcome of therapy
A trusting therapeutic relationship and outcome-oriented collaboration between therapist and patient are critical for the successful treatment of mental illness. And it pays to start early in therapy, a series of meta-studies shows.
Nutrition labelling is improving nation's diet
Households eat more healthily when retailers display clear nutritional information on own-brand food products, say researchers.
Exercise induces secretion of biomarkers into sweat
The aim was to reveal the potential of microRNAs in sweat extracellular vesicles in monitoring exercise performance.
TV-watching snackers beware: You won't notice you're full if your attention is elsewhere
Eating while doing something perceptually-demanding makes it more difficult to notice when you feel full, shows new research.
Nanotubes in the eye that help us see
A new mechanism of blood redistribution that is essential for the proper functioning of the adult retina has just been discovered in vivo.
New microrobot with in situ, in vivo bioprinting offers promise for gastric wounds
Researchers have taken the first step towards a new way of treating gastric wounds by using a microrobot combined with the new concept of 'in situ in vivo bioprinting' to carry out tissue repair inside the body.
Adaptation in single neurons provides memory for language processing
To understand language, we have to remember the words that were uttered and combine them into an interpretation. How does the brain retain information long enough to accomplish this, despite the fact that neuronal firing events are very short-lived? Researchers propose a neurobiological explanation bridging this discrepancy. Neurons change their spike rate based on experience and this adaptation provides memory for sentence processing.
Stress and anger may exacerbate heart failure
Mental stress and anger may have clinical implications for patients with heart failure, according to a new report.
Evidence in mice that electroacupuncture reduces inflammation via specific neural pathways
Stimulating the nervous system using small electric current by acupuncture could tamp down systemic inflammation in the body, suggests new research in mice.
Flipping a metabolic switch to slow tumor growth
The enzyme serine palmitoyl-transferase can be used as a metabolically responsive 'switch' that decreases tumor growth, according to a new study.
Researchers identify a protein that may help SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly through cells
New research identifies a protein encoded by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, that may be associated with the quick spread of the virus through cells in the human body.
Face mask insert could help diagnose conditions
Researchers have demonstrated that a fiber inserted into an ordinary N95 face mask can collect compounds in exhaled breath aerosols for analysis. The new method could allow screening for disease biomarkers on a large scale.
Swallowing this colonoscopy-like bacteria grabber could reveal secrets about your health
Your gut bacteria could say a lot about you, such as why you're diabetic or how you respond to certain drugs. But scientists can see only so much of the gastrointestinal tract to study the role of gut bacteria in your health. Researchers built a way to swallow a tool that acts like a colonoscopy, except that instead of looking at the colon with a camera, the technology takes samples of bacteria.
Young children would rather explore than get rewards
Young children will pass up rewards they know they can collect to explore other options, a new study suggests. Researchers found that when adults and 4- to 5-year-old children played a game where certain choices earned them rewards, both adults and children quickly learned what choices would give them the biggest returns. But while adults then used that knowledge to maximize their prizes, children continued exploring the other options.
Why walking to work may be better for you than a casual stroll
Walking with a purpose -- especially walking to get to work -- makes people walk faster and consider themselves to be healthier, a new study has found. The study found that walking for different reasons yielded different levels of self-rated health. People who walked primarily to places like work and the grocery store from their homes, for example, reported better health than people who walked mostly for leisure.
New machine learning tool predicts devastating intestinal disease in premature infants
Researchers have developed a sensitive and specific early warning system for predicting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants before the life-threatening intestinal disease occurs. The prototype predicts NEC accurately and early, using stool microbiome features combined with clinical and demographic information.
COVID-19 clinical trials lack diversity
Despite disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death among people of color, minority groups are significantly underrepresented in COVID-19 clinical trials.
New prediction model can forecast personalized risk for COVID-19-related hospitalization
Researchers have developed and validated a risk prediction model (called a nomogram) that can help physicians predict which patients who have recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are at greatest risk for hospitalization.
A quick, cost-effective method to track the spread of COVID-19 through untreated wastewater
Researchers have demonstrated that, from seven methods commonly used to test for viruses in untreated wastewater, an adsorption-extraction technique can most efficiently detect SARS-CoV-2.
Scientists identify hundreds of drug candidates to treat COVID-19
Scientists have used machine learning to identify hundreds of new potential drugs that could help treat COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2. To identify several candidates, they developed a drug discovery pipeline -- a type of computational strategy linked to artificial intelligence.
Experimental COVID-19 vaccine prevents severe disease in mice
Researchers have created a COVID-19 vaccine candidate from a replicating virus. This experimental vaccine has proven effective at preventing pneumonia in mice.
Teens' social media use does not raise risk for depression, study finds
New findings refute popular wisdom and may provide relief to parents and educators concerned with adolescents' heavy use of social media -- particularly during the COVID-19 crisis.
Bouncing, sticking, exploding viruses: Understanding the surface chemistry of SARS-CoV-2
Researchers highlight the need to understand the different environmental conditions that affect the surface chemistry of viruses like SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease COVID-19.
Interim Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for Veterinary Clinics Treating Companion Animals During the COVID-19 Response
Interim Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for Veterinary Clinics During the COVID-19 Response
Internal differences: A new method for seeing into cells
The new technology may help answer outstanding questions about the immune system, cancer, Alzheimer's, and more.
New way to make bacteria more sensitive to antibiotics discovered
Researchers have discovered a new way to reverse antibiotic resistance in some bacteria using hydrogen sulphide (H2S). By adding H2S releasing compounds to Acinetobacter baumannii - a pathogenic bacteria that does not produce H2S on its own - they found that exogenous H2S sensitised the A. baumannii to multiple antibiotic classes. It was even able to reverse acquired resistance in A. baumannii to gentamicin.
How anxiety -- and hope -- can drive new product adoption
When considering new products, anxiety creates approach response (i.e., interest, purchase) rather than avoidance response (i.e., disinterest, failure to purchase) when consumers hope for the goal-congruent outcomes.
Lipoic acid supplements help some obese but otherwise healthy people lose weight
A compound given as a dietary supplement to overweight but otherwise healthy people in a clinical trial caused many of the patients to slim down.
When You Can be Around Others After You Had or Likely Had COVID-19
If you have or think you might have COVID-19, it is important to stay home and away from other people. Staying away from others helps stop the spread of COVID-19.
вторник, 11 августа 2020 г.
'AeroNabs' promise powerful, inhalable protection against COVID-19
Scientists have devised a novel approach to halting the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The researchers engineered a completely synthetic, production-ready molecule that straitjackets the crucial SARS-CoV-2 machinery that allows the virus to infect our cells. In an aerosol formulation they tested, these molecules could be self-administered with a nasal spray or inhaler.
Health disparities among former NFL players
Among former NFL players, Black, Hawaiian, and athletes from other racial backgrounds report worse physical, mental health outcomes than white players. The widest health gaps emerged between Black and white former NFL players. Black former players reported worse health outcomes in all five health categories, compared with their white peers. Presence of health disparities among former NLF players reflects the deep and pervasive nature of systemic inequities that persist even among elite athletes, study suggests.
Modelling parasitic worm metabolism suggests strategy for developing new drugs against infection
Scientists have revealed a way to eradicate parasitic worms by stopping them from using alternative metabolism pathways provided by bacteria that live within them, according to new findings.
Molecules in urine allow doctors to monitor skin cancer
What if you could simply provide a urine sample rather than undergo a painful surgical procedure to find out if your cancer was responding to treatment? It may seem too good to be true, but researchers have identified fluorescent molecules in urine that may allow patients with malignant melanoma to do just that.
Study pinpoints five most likely causes of post-traumatic stress in police officers
A combination of genetic and emotional differences may lead to post-traumatic stress (PTS) in police officers, a new study finds. Based on biological studies of officers in major cities, the study showed that the most significant PTS predictors are the tendency to startle at sudden sounds, early career displays of mental health symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depression), and certain genetic differences, including some known to influence a person's immune system.
Nepal lockdown halved health facility births and increased stillbirths and newborn deaths
COVID-19 response has resulted in major reductions in health facility births in Nepal and widened inequalities, with significantly increased institutional stillbirth and neonatal mortality, according to a new study.
New study documents increasing frequency, cost, and severity of gunshot wounds
The rise in firearm violence has coincided with an increase in the severity of injuries firearms inflict as well as the cost of operations.
GI symptoms linked to behavioral problems in children, especially those with autism
A new study found that common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation and bloating are linked to troubling sleep problems, self-harm and physical complaints in preschool children. According to the study, these GI symptoms are much more common and potentially disruptive in young kids with autism.
Agtech to the rescue in a pandemic: Adapting plant labs for human testing
Sophisticated agtech labs and equipment used for crop and animal breeding, seed testing, and monitoring of plant and animal diseases could easily be adapted for diagnostic testing and tracing in a human pandemic or epidemic, researchers say.
Coronavirus transmission risk increases along wildlife supply chains
Coronaviruses were detected in a high proportion of bats and rodents in Viet Nam from 2013 to 2014, with an increasing proportion of positive samples found along the wildlife supply chain from traders to large markets to restaurants, according to a new study.
Guidance for K-12 School Administrators on the Use of Cloth Face Coverings in Schools
Guidance for K-12 School Administrators on the Use of Cloth Face Coverings in Schools
Research exposes new vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2
Using nanometer-level simulations, researchers have discovered a positively charged site (known as the polybasic cleavage site) located 10 nanometers from the actual binding site on the spike protein. The positively charged site allows strong bonding between the virus protein and the negatively charged human-cell receptors.
Pasteurization inactivates COVID-19 virus in human milk: new research
A new study has confirmed what researchers already suspected to be the case: heat inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.
Gluten in wheat: What has changed during 120 years of breeding?
In recent years, the number of people affected by celiac disease, wheat allergy or gluten or wheat sensitivity has risen sharply. But why is this the case? Could it be that modern wheat varieties contain more immunoreactive protein than in the past? A new study is helping to answer this question.
Long-term risks of joint implants
Using highly complex analytical techniques, a group of researchers were able to observe in detail how different metals are released from joint implants and accumulate in the surrounding bone tissue. Findings showed a steady release of metals from various implant components. In contrast to previous assumptions, this was not related to the degree of mechanical stress involved.
COVID-19 Overview and Infection Prevention and Control Priorities in Non-US Healthcare Settings
Infection prevention and control information for non-US healthcare settings and non-US national government officials working on COVID-19 response.
понедельник, 10 августа 2020 г.
A "capital" assignment for CDC lab specialist
When CDC needed quick answers about how COVID-19 spreads within households, Dr. Hannah Kirking knew she could count on her family - her Epidemic Intelligence Service family, that is.
COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization Related to Underlying Medical Conditions
COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization Related to Underlying Medical Conditions
COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity
COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity
What the rest of the world can learn from South Korea's COVID-19 response
As the world continues to closely monitor the newest coronavirus outbreak, the government of South Korea has been able to keep the disease under control without paralyzing the national health and economic systems.
New approach to treating osteoarthritis advances
Injections of a natural 'energy' molecule prompted regrowth of almost half of the cartilage lost with aging in knees, a new study in rodents shows.
Miscarriage risk increases each week alcohol is used in early pregnancy
Each week a woman consumes alcohol during the first five to 10 weeks of pregnancy is associated with an incremental 8% increase in risk of miscarriage, according to a new study.
Personal connections key to climate adaptation
Connections with friends and family are key to helping communities adapt to the devastating impact of climate change on their homes and livelihoods. The research found people are more empowered to deal with the impact of encroaching sea-levels and dwindling fish stocks when they see others doing the same.
Imaging method highlights new role for cellular 'skeleton' protein
While your skeleton helps your body to move, fine skeleton-like filaments within your cells likewise help cellular structures to move. Now, researchers have developed a new imaging method that lets them monitor a small subset of these filaments, called actin.
Schooling is critical for cognitive health throughout life
New research suggests that education provides little to no protection against the onset of cognitive declines later in life. It can, however, boost the cognitive skills people develop earlier in life, pushing back the point at which age-related dementia begins to impact a person's ability to care for themselves.
Non-fasting blood test can help screen youth for prediabetes and diabetes
A simple blood test that does not require overnight fasting has been found to be an accurate screening tool for identifying youth at risk for type 2 diabetes and heart disease risk later in life.
Assessing Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 Illness
Assessing Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 Illness
HPV strains may impact cervical cancer prognosis
An analysis of cervical cancers in Ugandan women has uncovered significant genomic differences between tumors caused by different strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), signifying HPV type may impact cervical cancer characteristics and prognosis.
Confused by whole grain labels on food packaging? Study finds you're not alone
Whole grain labels are confusing to consumers, according to a new study that found many made the wrong choice when asked to pick the healthier option based on product labels. The researchers say the results provide legal evidence for changes in labeling policies.
Gulf war illness, chronic fatigue syndrome distinct illnesses, Georgetown study suggests
A brain imaging study of veterans with Gulf War illness (GWI) and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (sometimes called myalgic encephalomyelitis), has shown that the two illnesses produce distinctly different, abnormal patterns of brain activity after moderate exercise.
New treatment targets found for blinding retinal disease
When the eye isn't getting enough oxygen in the face of common conditions like premature birth or diabetes, it sets in motion a state of frenzied energy production that can ultimately result in blindness, and now scientists have identified new points where they may be able to calm the frenzy and instead enable recovery.
Study finds ATV-related head and neck injuries among youth continue to remain high
A new study analyzed data regarding ATV-related head and neck injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments from 1990 through 2014 involving patients younger than 18 years of age.
Quality of care at rural hospitals may not differ as much as reported
A research team found that differences in diagnosis coding practices has resulted in artificially inflated mortality rate comparisons to other hospitals.
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
COVID-19 Electronic Laboratory Reporting Implementation by State
Detailed molecular workings of a key system in learning and memory formation
Biochemists report how they used advanced sequencing technology to clear up uncertainty and determine all variants of a single protein/enzyme known as calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the hippocampus, the brain's memory center.
Individual differences in the brain
If selection reinforces a behavior, brain activities soon change as well.
Globally, only half of women get treatment for preventable killer of newborns
Only half of pregnant women worldwide who need a 50-year-old treatment that prevents an often-fatal disease in fetuses and newborns receive it, researchers have found.
Nanocatalysts that remotely control chemical reactions inside living cells
The enzymes responsible for catalytic reactions in our body's biological reactions are difficult to use for diagnosis or treatment as they react only to certain molecules or have low stability. Many researchers anticipate that if these issues are ameliorated or if artificial catalysts are developed to create a synergetic effect by meeting the enzymes in the body, there will be new ways to diagnose and treat diseases. In particular, if artificial catalysts that respond to external stimuli such as magnetic fields are developed, new treatment methods that remotely control bioreactions from outside the body can become a reality.
Math shows how brain stays stable amid internal noise and a widely varying world
A new theoretical framework shows that many properties of neural connections help biological circuits produce consistent computations.
Restaurant customers frown on automatic gratuities, particularly after good service
Automatic gratuities leave restaurant patrons with a bad taste, even when the meal and the service were excellent, new research indicates.
Interim Considerations for SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Correctional and Detention Facilities
Interim Considerations for SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Correctional and Detention Facilities
суббота, 8 августа 2020 г.
Chemist's new process fast-tracks drug treatments for viral infections and cancer
Discovering antiviral and anticancer drugs will soon be faster and cheaper thanks to new research.
Highly sensitive dopamine detector uses 2D materials
A supersensitive dopamine detector can help in the early diagnosis of several disorders that result in too much or too little dopamine, according to new research.
Authors' 'invisible' words reveal blueprint for storytelling
The ''invisible'' words that shaped Dickens classics also lead audiences through Spielberg dramas. And according to new research, these small words can be found in a similar pattern across most storylines, no matter the length or format.
New test better predicts which babies will develop type 1 diabetes
A new approach to predicting which babies will develop type 1 diabetes moves a step closer to routine testing for newborns which could avoid life-threatening complications.
Sugar-based signature identifies T cells where HIV hides despite antiretroviral therapy
Scientists may have discovered a new way of identifying and targeting hidden HIV viral reservoirs during treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). These findings may have translational implications for improving the long-term care of HIV positive people.
Brain noise contains unique signature of dream sleep
Dream or REM sleep is distinguished by rapid eye movement and absence of muscle tone, but electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are indistinguishable from those of an awake brain. Neuroscientists have now found an EEG signature of REM sleep, allowing scientists for the first time to distinguish dreaming from wakefulness through brain activity alone. This could help in determining the prognosis for coma patients, and allow study of the impact of anesthesia on dreaming.
пятница, 7 августа 2020 г.
Strong link found between abnormal liver tests and poor COVID-19 outcomes
Researchers found that patients with COVID-19 presented with abnormal liver tests at much higher rates than suggested by earlier studies. They also discovered that higher levels of liver enzymes -- proteins released when the liver is damaged -- were associated with poorer outcomes for these patients, including ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death.
Newly discovered mutation could point to heart disease therapeutic target
New work identifies a potential therapeutic target for clogged arteries and other health risks that stem from an excess of harmful fats in the bloodstream. The study opens the door for the design of more specific MTP inhibitors that could reduce circulating triglyceride levels without the risk of unpleasant and serious side effects in the intestines and liver.
Measuring electron emission from irradiated biomolecules
Researchers have successfully determined the characteristics of electron emission when high-velocity ions collide with adenine - one of the four key nucleobases of DNA.
Pinpointing the cells that keep the body's master circadian clock ticking
Scientists have developed a genetically engineered mouse and imaging system that lets them visualize fluctuations in the circadian clocks of cell types in mice. The method gives new insight into which brain cells are important in maintaining the body's master circadian clock. But they say the approach will also be broadly useful for answering questions about the daily rhythms of cells throughout the body.
Heavier smoking linked to skyrocketing health risks
Each cigarette smoked a day by heavier smokers increases the risk of contracting some diseases by more than 30 per cent, according to a new study.
COVID-19: The virus and the vasculature
In severe cases of COVID-19, the infection can lead to obstruction of the blood vessels in the lung, heart and kidneys. Researchers have now shown that activated immune cells and blood platelets play a major role in these pathologies.
COVID recovery choices shape future climate
A new study warns that even with some lockdown measures staying in place to the end of 2021, without more structural interventions global temperatures will only be roughly 0.01°C lower than expected by 2030. However, the study estimates that including climate policy measures as part of an economic recovery plan with strong green stimulus could prevent more than half of additional warming expected by 2050 under current policies.
COVID-19: The long road to recovery
Researchers have identified a pattern of longer-term symptoms likely to be experienced by people who were hospitalized with the COVID-19 infection. They include fatigue, breathlessness, psychological distress -- including problems with concentration and memory -- and a general decline in quality of life.
New CT scanning method may improve heart massage
Researchers have succeeded in developing a dynamic 3D CT scanning method that shows what happens inside the body during simulated heart massage. The method could help to increase the chance of surviving a cardiac arrest.
Frequently Asked Questions about Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Laboratories
Frequently Asked Questions about Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Laboratories
Lead poisoning could reduce gene expression in humans
Scientists have unveiled a correlation between high blood lead levels in children and methylation of genes involved in haem synthesis and carcinogenesis, indicating a previously unknown mechanism for lead poisoning.
A titanate nanowire mask that can eliminate pathogens
Researchers are working on a membrane made of titanium oxide nanowires, similar in appearance to filter paper but with antibacterial and antiviral properties. Their material works by using the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide: when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the fibers convert resident moisture into oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, which have the ability to destroy pathogens.
Experts urge evaluation of diet at routine check-ups
Unhealthy dietary patterns are a leading cause of heart disease and stroke as well as other chronic diseases. Clinician-delivered diet counseling can improve diet behaviors and heart disease risk factors. Quick, simple dietary assessment tools can be a part of routine office visits and integrated into electronic health records for follow-up.
New reporter mouse strain offers powerful genetic tool to identify P2X2-expressing cells
Researchers created a reporter mouse strain in pursuit of a new way to answer an old question: Is purinergic receptor gene P2X2 expressed in particular populations of sensory nerve cells? They were surprised, but encouraged, to find P2X2 expressed in a very limited subset of neurons.
Smartwatch tracks medication levels to personalize treatments
Engineers have demonstrated that drug levels inside the body can be tracked in real time using a custom smartwatch that analyzes the chemicals found in sweat. This wearable technology could be incorporated into a more personalized approach to medicine -- where an ideal drug and dosages can be tailored to an individual.
How to Wear Masks
Cloth face coverings are an additional step to help slow the spread of COVID-19 when combined with every day preventive actions and social distancing in public settings.
четверг, 6 августа 2020 г.
Children's pester power a future target for interventions
Children's pester power may contribute to improvements in their family's food environments. A new study highlights the potential for children to influence food consumption and habits at home.
What Rail Transit Operators Need to Know About COVID-19
What Rail Transit Operators Need to Know About COVID-19
How CDC Determines the Level of a Country's COVID-19 Travel Health Notice
How CDC Determines the Level of a Country's COVID-19 Travel Health Notice
What Bus Transit Operators Need to Know about COVID-19
What Bus Transit Operators Need to Know about COVID-19
Waning attention to climate change amid pandemic could have lasting effects
With COVID-19 dominating the headlines, searches for climate change are on the decline. That worries authors of a new study showing that even brief, involuntary attention to environmental issues moves people to care more and act.
Non-invasive nerve stimulation boosts learning of foreign language sounds
New research by neuroscientists revealed that a simple, earbud-like device that imperceptibly stimulates the brain could significantly improve the wearer's ability to learn the sounds of a new language. This device may have wide-ranging applications for boosting other kinds of learning as well.
Childhood connection to nature has many benefits but is not universally positive, finds review
A literature review finds that children are happier and more likely to protect the natural world when they have a greater connection to it, but this connection is complex and can also generate negative emotions linked to issues like climate change.
How cells keep growing even when under attack
Biochemists report that a damage-containment system in stressed bacteria can become overrun and blocked, but that this leads to cells responding by turning on different pathways to make sure that normal growth continues.
Drivers respond to pre-crash warnings with levels of attentive 'gaze'
Engineers conducted open road testing of three collision avoidance systems and demonstrated that a drivers' visual behavior in response to an alert generated from a collision avoidance system can be divided into one of four different behavioral categories: active gaze, self-conscious gaze, attentive gaze and ignored gaze.
Forecasts of COVID-19 Deaths
CDC works with partners to bring together weekly forecasts for COVID-19 deaths in one place. These forecasts have been developed independently and shared publicly. It is important to bring these forecasts together to help understand how they compare with each other and how much uncertainty there is about what may happen in the upcoming four weeks.
General Contact Tracing and Case Investigation Training Modules
The trainings listed below are for public health professionals or the general public who are interested in becoming a contact tracer, case investigator or public health professional who already serve in these roles and are seeking to improve their knowledge.
Vitamin D twice a day may keep vertigo away
Taking vitamin D and calcium twice a day may reduce your chances of getting vertigo again, according to a new study.
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